3.7.2 Common Predefined Macros

The common predefined macros are GNU C extensions. They are available with the same meanings regardless of the machine or operating system on which you are using GNU C. Their names all start with double underscores.

__GNUC__

__GNUC_MINOR__

__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__

These macros are defined by all GNU compilers that use the C preprocessor: C, C++, and Objective-C. Their values are the major version, minor version, and patch level of the compiler, as integer constants. For example, GCC 3.2.1 will define __GNUC__ to 3, __GNUC_MINOR__ to 2, and __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ to 1. These macros are also defined if you invoke the preprocessor directly.

__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ is new to GCC 3.0; it is also present in the widely-used development snapshots leading up to 3.0 (which identify themselves as GCC 2.96 or 2.97, depending on which snapshot you have).

If all you need to know is whether or not your program is being compiled by GCC, or a non-GCC compiler that claims to accept the GNU C dialects, you can simply test __GNUC__. If you need to write code which depends on a specific version, you must be more careful. Each time the minor version is increased, the patch level is reset to zero; each time the major version is increased (which happens rarely), the minor version and patch level are reset. If you wish to use the predefined macros directly in the conditional, you will need to write it like this:

          /* Test for GCC > 3.2.0 */
          #if __GNUC__ > 3 || \
              (__GNUC__ == 3 && (__GNUC_MINOR__ > 2 || \
                                 (__GNUC_MINOR__ == 2 && \
                                  __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__ > 0))
     

Another approach is to use the predefined macros to calculate a single number, then compare that against a threshold:

          #define GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 10000 \
                               + __GNUC_MINOR__ * 100 \
                               + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
          ...
          /* Test for GCC > 3.2.0 */
          #if GCC_VERSION > 30200
     

Many people find this form easier to understand.

__GNUG__

The GNU C++ compiler defines this. Testing it is equivalent to testing (__GNUC__ && __cplusplus).

__STRICT_ANSI__

GCC defines this macro if and only if the -ansi switch, or a -std switch specifying strict conformance to some version of ISO C, was specified when GCC was invoked. It is defined to `1'. This macro exists primarily to direct GNU libc's header files to restrict their definitions to the minimal set found in the 1989 C standard.

__BASE_FILE__

This macro expands to the name of the main input file, in the form of a C string constant. This is the source file that was specified on the command line of the preprocessor or C compiler.

__INCLUDE_LEVEL__

This macro expands to a decimal integer constant that represents the depth of nesting in include files. The value of this macro is incremented on every `#include' directive and decremented at the end of every included file. It starts out at 0, it's value within the base file specified on the command line.

__ELF__

This macro is defined if the target uses the ELF object format.

__VERSION__

This macro expands to a string constant which describes the version of the compiler in use. You should not rely on its contents having any particular form, but it can be counted on to contain at least the release number.

__PIC__

This macro is defined when gcc is generating pic code for darwin.

__OPTIMIZE__

__OPTIMIZE_SIZE__

__NO_INLINE__

These macros describe the compilation mode. __OPTIMIZE__ is defined in all optimizing compilations. __OPTIMIZE_SIZE__ is defined if the compiler is optimizing for size, not speed. __NO_INLINE__ is defined if no functions will be inlined into their callers (when not optimizing, or when inlining has been specifically disabled by -fno-inline).

These macros cause certain GNU header files to provide optimized definitions, using macros or inline functions, of system library functions. You should not use these macros in any way unless you make sure that programs will execute with the same effect whether or not they are defined. If they are defined, their value is 1.

__GNUC_GNU_INLINE__

GCC defines this macro if functions declared inline will be handled in GCC's traditional gnu89 mode. In this mode an extern inline function will never be compiled as a standalone function, and an inline function which is neither extern nor static will always be compiled as a standalone function.

__GNUC_STDC_INLINE__

GCC defines this macro if functions declared inline will be handled according to the ISO C99 standard. In this mode an extern inline function will always be compiled as a standalone externally visible function, and an inline function which is neither extern nor static will never be compiled as a standalone function.

If this macro is defined, GCC supports the gnu_inline function attribute as a way to always get the gnu89 behaviour. Support for this and __GNUC_GNU_INLINE__ was added in GCC 4.1.3. If neither macro is defined, an older version of GCC is being used: inline functions will be compiled in gnu89 mode, and the gnu_inline function attribute will not be recognized.

__CHAR_UNSIGNED__

GCC defines this macro if and only if the data type char is unsigned on the target machine. It exists to cause the standard header file limits.h to work correctly. You should not use this macro yourself; instead, refer to the standard macros defined in limits.h.

__WCHAR_UNSIGNED__

Like __CHAR_UNSIGNED__, this macro is defined if and only if the data type wchar_t is unsigned and the front-end is in C++ mode.

__REGISTER_PREFIX__

This macro expands to a single token (not a string constant) which is the prefix applied to CPU register names in assembly language for this target. You can use it to write assembly that is usable in multiple environments. For example, in the m68k-aout environment it expands to nothing, but in the m68k-coff environment it expands to a single `%'.

__USER_LABEL_PREFIX__

This macro expands to a single token which is the prefix applied to user labels (symbols visible to C code) in assembly. For example, in the m68k-aout environment it expands to an `_', but in the m68k-coff environment it expands to nothing.

This macro will have the correct definition even if -f(no-)underscores is in use, but it will not be correct if target-specific options that adjust this prefix are used (e.g. the OSF/rose -mno-underscores option).

__SIZE_TYPE__

__PTRDIFF_TYPE__

__WCHAR_TYPE__

__WINT_TYPE__

__INTMAX_TYPE__

__UINTMAX_TYPE__

These macros are defined to the correct underlying types for the size_t, ptrdiff_t, wchar_t, wint_t, intmax_t, and uintmax_t typedefs, respectively. They exist to make the standard header files stddef.h and wchar.h work correctly. You should not use these macros directly; instead, include the appropriate headers and use the typedefs.

__CHAR_BIT__

Defined to the number of bits used in the representation of the char data type. It exists to make the standard header given numerical limits work correctly. You should not use this macro directly; instead, include the appropriate headers.

__SCHAR_MAX__

__WCHAR_MAX__

__SHRT_MAX__

__INT_MAX__

__LONG_MAX__

__LONG_LONG_MAX__

__INTMAX_MAX__

Defined to the maximum value of the signed char, wchar_t, signed short, signed int, signed long, signed long long, and intmax_t types respectively. They exist to make the standard header given numerical limits work correctly. You should not use these macros directly; instead, include the appropriate headers.

__DEPRECATED

This macro is defined, with value 1, when compiling a C++ source file with warnings about deprecated constructs enabled. These warnings are enabled by default, but can be disabled with -Wno-deprecated.

__EXCEPTIONS

This macro is defined, with value 1, when compiling a C++ source file with exceptions enabled. If -fno-exceptions was used when compiling the file, then this macro will not be defined.

__USING_SJLJ_EXCEPTIONS__

This macro is defined, with value 1, if the compiler uses the old mechanism based on setjmp and longjmp for exception handling.

__GXX_WEAK__

This macro is defined when compiling a C++ source file. It has the value 1 if the compiler will use weak symbols, COMDAT sections, or other similar techniques to collapse symbols with “vague linkage” that are defined in multiple translation units. If the compiler will not collapse such symbols, this macro is defined with value 0. In general, user code should not need to make use of this macro; the purpose of this macro is to ease implementation of the C++ runtime library provided with G++.

__NEXT_RUNTIME__

This macro is defined, with value 1, if (and only if) the NeXT runtime (as in -fnext-runtime) is in use for Objective-C. If the GNU runtime is used, this macro is not defined, so that you can use this macro to determine which runtime (NeXT or GNU) is being used.

__LP64__

_LP64

These macros are defined, with value 1, if (and only if) the compilation is for a target where long int and pointer both use 64-bits and int uses 32-bit.

__SSP__

This macro is defined, with value 1, when -fstack-protector is in use.

__SSP_ALL__

This macro is defined, with value 2, when -fstack-protector-all is in use.

__TIMESTAMP__

This macro expands to a string constant that describes the date and time of the last modification of the current source file. The string constant contains abbreviated day of the week, month, day of the month, time in hh:mm:ss form, year and looks like "Sun Sep 16 01:03:52 1973". If the day of the month is less than 10, it is padded with a space on the left.

If GCC cannot determine the current date, it will emit a warning message (once per compilation) and __TIMESTAMP__ will expand to "??? ??? ?? ??:??:?? ????".