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The Reference Library is a comprehensive collection of Apple technical resources, including Articles, Guides, Reference, Release Notes, Sample Code, Technical Notes, and Technical Q&As. Each of the links below leads to the resources for a specific topic.

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Exception Programming Topics for Cocoa (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to raise and handle exceptions in Cocoa applications.
Cocoa Guides 2007-10-02
Exclusive File Access in Mac OS X (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2037: Covers exclusive file access In Mac OS X
Carbon, Cocoa Technical Notes 2002-05-01
Expanding Tilde-based paths (HTML)
QA1549: Demonstrates how to resolve tilde-based relevant paths.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation Technical Q&As 2007-09-24
Expansion ROM device properties (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
HW50: Describes the Open Firmware properties that should be included in a boot device's expansion ROM.
Audio, Darwin, Graphics & Imaging, Hardware & Drivers, Mac OS X Server, Networking, Printing, QuickTime Technical Q&As 1999-03-29
Explanation of SDRAM configuration Nomenclature (HTML)
HW75: Explains the three-part "Device configuration" numbers for SDRAM in the Power Mac G4 Computer Developer Note.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 1999-10-18
Exploring Tiger Server (HTML)
Explore Tiger Server technologies such as Xgrid, 64-bit support, and access control lists.
Mac OS X Server Articles 2005-04-29
Exporting Movies for iPod, Apple TV and iPhone (HTML)
TN2188: Discusses the use of the iPod, Apple TV and iPhone QuickTime export components.
Graphics & Imaging, QuickTime Technical Notes 2007-07-19
Exporting TIFF files in little-endian format (HTML)
QA1044: Explains how to export a TIFF file in little-endian format.
QuickTime Technical Q&As 2001-06-26
ExpressCard Prevents System Sleep (HTML)
QA1517: Describes how some ExpressCard cards can prevent system sleep and how to fix the problem.
Darwin, Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2007-02-28
Extending and Controlling Sherlock (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN1141: Discusses features of Sherlock 2, including additions to the Internet Search Plug-in language and Applescript commands.
Internet & Web Technical Notes 2000-08-14
Extending and Troubleshooting Directory Services (HTML)
Explains how to extend Directory Services for Mac OS X Server v10.5 and how to troubleshoot problems.
Mac OS X Server, Networking Release Notes 2008-06-09
Extending Printing Dialogs (HTML) (PDF)
A guide to developing printing dialog extensions, including basic concepts and a documented Carbon-based sample project.
Carbon, Graphics & Imaging, Printing Guides 2006-10-03
Extending Your Wiki Server (PDF)
Explains how to migrate content from other wikis, create custom themes, and enable JavaScript, YouTube, and Flash.
Enterprise IT, Internet & Web, Mac OS X Server Guides 2008-06-09
Extracting DV Fields using QTNewGWorldFromPtr (HTML)
QA1017: Describes using QTNewGWorldFromPtr to access individual fields contained within a frame of DV source.
Carbon, Graphics & Imaging, QuickTime Technical Q&As 2001-03-20
ExtractMovieAudioToAIFF (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to extract audio from QuickTime Movies and write the data to an AIFF file.
Audio, Cocoa, QuickTime Sample Code 2006-03-31
Fader (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates fading of elements inside a Dashboard widget
Apple Applications Sample Code 2007-09-12
FancyAbout (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates several visual effects for "About..." panels such as scrolling text, window without a title bar, and ways to dismiss the window.
Cocoa Sample Code 2003-10-27
FastDitherUsingQT (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how you can use QuickTime to get faster dithering.
QuickTime Sample Code 2003-02-25
Faster DDR DRAM in the 867MHz Power Mac G4 (Mirrored Drive Doors) (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1191: Confirms the use of faster DDR DRAM in the 867MHz Power Mac G4 (Mirrored Drive Doors).
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2002-08-19
FBOBunnies (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how to use framebuffer objects (FBO)
Graphics & Imaging, Performance Sample Code 2006-09-18
fBroadCastAddr Always Zero (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
Deprecated - NW58: Explains why the fBroadcastAddr field may be zero after a call to OTInetGetInterfaceInfo and includes the workaround.
Carbon, Networking Technical Q&As 1999-03-08
FCode & OS X (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1106: Provides useful tips for Open Firmware debugging on on machines introduced in 2001 or later.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Q&As 2002-01-15
Fiendishthngs (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Fiendishthngs lists all the the Components it finds on the system and lets you query them for information.
Cocoa, QuickTime Sample Code 2007-09-13
Fighting Spam on Mac OS X Server (HTML)
Learn how to filter out spam before it gets to your users.
Mac OS X Server Articles 2004-02-09
File Manager File Handling Q&As (HTML)
FL515: Contains an archive of Q&As related to the Mac OS File Manager.
Carbon Technical Notes 2000-08-14
File Manager Performance and Caching (HTML)
FL16: Discusses traditional Mac OS file system input/output performance issues and the File Manager's volume cache.
Carbon, Cocoa Technical Notes 2000-09-01
File Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for basic file management tasks, such as opening and saving files.
Carbon Reference 2007-07-13
File Manager Text Encoding Hints (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1223: How to use Text Encoding Hints.
Carbon, Darwin Technical Q&As 2003-01-20
File System Events Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how applications can detect changes in the file system.
Core Foundation, Darwin, Storage Guides 2008-03-11
File System Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Conceptual information and guidelines describing the structure and usage of the Mac OS X file system.
Carbon, Cocoa, Darwin, Mac OS X, Open Source, Tools, User Experience Guides 2008-07-11
File-System Performance Guidelines (HTML) (PDF)
Guidelines for improving the performance of file-related code.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Performance, Storage, Tools Guides 2005-07-07
FileNotification (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
kqueue file notification introduced in 10.3. Notification API to detect file system modifications.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Darwin Sample Code 2005-10-27
filesystem_examples (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Collection of command line tools illustrating filesystem features.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Darwin Sample Code 2006-01-10
Fill in the size field before calling ICMGetPixelFormatInfo (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2057: Discusses why you should always fill in the size field of the ICMPixelFormatInfo structure before calling ICMGetPixelFormatInfo.
QuickTime Technical Notes 2002-07-17
Filtering QuickTime media types in Navigation Services (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1274: Describes how to filter QuickTime media types in a Navigation Services filter procedure.
Carbon, QuickTime Technical Q&As 2003-07-23
Filtering the Effects List returned by QTGetEffectsList (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1190: Shows how to edit the list of effects returned by the QTGetEffectsList function.
QuickTime Technical Q&As 2002-09-04
Final Cut Pro - Preferred Video Media Time Scales and Sample Durations (HTML)
QA1447: Lists the preferred time scales/sample durations for media created for use with FCP.
Apple Applications, QuickTime Technical Q&As 2005-10-24
Final Cut Pro - The 'r4fl' Pixel Format (HTML)
TN2201: Describes the 'r4fl' pixel format used by Final Cut Pro to support greater than 8-bit rendering.
Apple Applications, Graphics & Imaging, QuickTime Technical Notes 2008-08-06
Final Cut Pro XML Interchange Format (HTML) (PDF)
Describes Final Cut Pro XML Interchange Format version 4, providing access to contents of FCP projects.
Apple Applications Guides 2007-11-14
FinalCutPro_AppleEvents (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Uses Apple Events to interact with Final Cut Pro 5.1.2 or later.
Apple Applications Sample Code 2007-11-16
FinalCutServerIntegrationSample (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to integrate an external application with Final Cut Server
Apple Applications Sample Code 2008-06-07
Find By Content Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Deprecated - Describes the legacy C API for performing relevance-ranked searches. Replaced by Search Kit.
Carbon, Cocoa, Text & Fonts, User Experience Reference 2006-07-13
Finder Interface Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes several C data types used by the Finder to contain information about file system objects.
Carbon, User Experience Reference 2006-10-31
FinderDragPro (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Sample file illustrating drag and drop techniques for use with file system objects.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-14
FinderLaunch (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to open documents by sending Apple Events to the Finder.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-10-14
Finding an NSView's current magnification. (HTML)
QA1346: How to discover the current magnification (zoom level) of any NSView.
Cocoa, Graphics & Imaging, User Experience Technical Q&As 2005-03-08
Finding EXC_BAD_ACCESS bugs in a Cocoa project (HTML)
QA1367: Discusses how to find memory protection violations or EXC_BAD_ACCESS bugs in Cocoa projects.
Cocoa Technical Q&As 2006-10-10
Finding your application's directory (HTML)
FL14: Demonstrates finding your application's directory and setting it as the default directory.
Carbon Technical Q&As 2000-06-19
FireWire Audio User Library Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the API that supports user-space access to FireWire audio devices and enables the creation of virtual FireWire audio devices.
Audio, Hardware & Drivers Reference 2008-04-08
FireWire Developer Note (HTML)
Provides an overview of FireWire (IEEE 1394) and describes support for it on Mac computers.
Hardware & Drivers Guides 2008-04-28
FireWire Device Interface Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to develop applications to communicate with or control FireWire devices and units.
Darwin, Hardware & Drivers Guides 2007-02-08
FireWire: DCL Programs Under Mac OS X (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2072: Describes the structure and creation of DCL programs under Mac OS X.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Notes 2003-06-21
Fixing the Layout Binding of the Tab control User Panes (HTML)
QA1161: Describes the Tab control hierarchy and layouts of its panes and provides a fix to a common problem.
Carbon Technical Q&As 2004-10-14
FloatingWindow (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates that floating windows are very easy to implement on Mac OS X using Nib files.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-10-24
Folder Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for finding and accessing directories, including common Mac OS X system locations.
Carbon Reference 2006-07-12
Folder Watching (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates how a background only application can use Apple events to pass work to another application.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-14
Font Handling (HTML) (PDF)
Explains the Cocoa font management system and how users select fonts.
Cocoa, Graphics & Imaging, Text & Fonts Guides 2008-02-08
Font Manager Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for QuickDraw-based font access and management.
Carbon, Graphics & Imaging, Text & Fonts Reference 2007-12-11
Font Panel (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use the Cocoa Font panel.
Cocoa, Text & Fonts, User Experience Guides 2004-08-31
The Font Panel for Carbon API (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2058: The API to display and interact with the Font Panel from Carbon applications on Mac OS X.
Carbon, Graphics & Imaging Technical Notes 2006-10-26
Fonts Panel Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for providing a Fonts window in a Carbon application.
Carbon, Graphics & Imaging, Text & Fonts, User Experience Reference 2007-02-26
FontSync Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the C API for content-based font identification and comparison.
Carbon, Graphics & Imaging, Text & Fonts Reference 2002-10-01
Force Feedback Framework Reference (HTML)
Describes the public interfaces to the Force Feedback implementation in Mac OS X, including support for plug-ins.
Darwin, Games, Hardware & Drivers, User Experience Reference 2008-04-08
Forms (HTML) (PDF)
Explains how to use Cocoa forms.
Cocoa, User Experience Guides 2002-11-12
Fortune (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Deprecated - Demonstrates use of a widget plug-in
Apple Applications Sample Code 2005-06-01
Foundation Constants Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the constants defined in the Foundation framework not described in individual classes.
Cocoa Reference 2007-04-03
Foundation Data Types Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the data types defined in the Foundation framework not described in individual classes.
Cocoa Reference 2008-03-11
Foundation Framework Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the Cocoa Objective-C API for the Foundation framework.
Cocoa Reference 2007-10-31
Foundation Functions Reference (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the functions defined in the Foundation framework.
Cocoa Reference 2008-07-11
Foundation Reference Update (HTML) (PDF)
Summarizes the symbols added to the Foundation framework.
Cocoa Reference 2007-07-18
Foundation Release Notes (HTML)
Describes new features, notes, and known issues for the Foundation framework in Mac OS X v10.5.
Cocoa, Internationalization, Scripting & Automation Release Notes 2007-10-31
Fractal Performance (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Three fractal applications that show various bottlenecks and how they can be fixed.
Graphics & Imaging, Java, Performance, Tools Sample Code 2006-04-17
Fragment Tool (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates manipulation of code fragments; combining and separating; viewing and editing information associated with each.
Carbon Sample Code 2003-01-30
Framework Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Conceptual information and guidelines on how to create a framework.
Tools Guides 2006-11-07
Frequently Asked Questions about the X Window System (X11) for Mac OS X (HTML)
TN2165: Answers several FAQs about the Mac OS X implementation of X11
Darwin Technical Notes 2007-01-22
Frequently Asked Text Services Manager (TSM) Questions (HTML)
TN2128: Regroups a collection of Text Services Manager (TSM) questions frequently asked by Input Method Developers
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Text & Fonts, User Experience Technical Notes 2005-06-24
FrontBase and JDBC (HTML)
QA1041: Describes an alternative to using the JDBC adaptor with FrontBase for WebObjects 5.0.
Tools Technical Q&As 2001-07-09
FSCopyObject (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Copy engine for copying files and directories.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation Sample Code 2004-03-19
FSCreateFileAndOpenForkUnicode (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstartes the use of FSCreateFileAndOpenForkUnicode to create a file with restricted access on disk and a read/write access path.
Carbon Sample Code 2005-06-01
FSDeleteObject fails with fBsyErr, sometimes (HTML)
QA1497: Why Spotlight indexing can cause file deletion to fail, and what to do about it.
Carbon Technical Q&As 2006-11-17
FSEvents Reference (HTML)
Describes the API used to provide lightweight notification of directory changes in a file-system subtree.
Core Foundation, Darwin Reference 2008-04-08
FSFileOperation (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
This sample shows how to use the FSFileOperation API which supports copying and moving filesystem objects.
Carbon Sample Code 2005-06-06
FSMegaInfo (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Prints information about various file system objects; helpful when debugging VFS plug-ins.
Carbon, Cocoa, Core Foundation, Darwin Sample Code 2008-02-25
FSRemoveInheritedACEs (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates manipulating access control lists of existing file system objects using the File Manager.
Carbon Sample Code 2005-06-01
FSReplaceObject (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
FSReplaceObject is an example command line tool showing how to exercise the FSReplaceObject and FSPathReplaceObject related APIs.
Carbon Sample Code 2007-02-14
FSSetCatalogInfo versus UID and GID (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1251: Describes why FSSetCatalogInfo does not set the UID and GID of the file, and provides a work around.
Carbon, Cocoa Technical Q&As 2003-03-26
Full Screen changes in QuickTime 6.1 and 6.3 (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
TN2068: Changes made to the QuickTime Full Screen API with the release of QuickTime6.1 and QuickTime6.3
QuickTime Technical Notes 2003-06-19
FullScreen (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Shows how to use BeginFullScreen and EndFullScreen to enter and exit full-screen mode.
Carbon, Graphics & Imaging, QuickTime Sample Code 2003-01-14
Functions that Modify Movie Properties, QuickTime Track, and Movie Sound Volume (HTML)
QTMTB39: Explains movie volume values, and how to exceed the maximum level using Sound Manager 3.0.
QuickTime Technical Q&As 1995-05-01
Fundamentals of Open Firmware, Part I: The User Interface (HTML)
TN1061: Describes the Open Firmware User Interface, Forth and the Open Firmware language used in Apple products.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Notes 1996-07-01
Fundamentals of Open Firmware, Part II: The Device Tree (HTML)
TN1062: Describes the Open Firmware device tree.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Notes 1996-09-01
Fundamentals of Open Firmware, Part III: Understanding PCI Expansion ROM Choices for Mac OS (HTML)
TN1044: Recommended contents for PCI expansion ROMs, including a table of standard devices, properties and methods.
Hardware & Drivers Technical Notes 2001-06-26
FunkyOverlayWindow (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demonstrates several window layering, transparency and widget interaction techniques in Cocoa.
Cocoa Sample Code 2003-05-08
FunWithFileDialogs (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Demo of the AWT FileChooser and Swing Aqua JFileChooser, and available Mac-specific runtime options.
Java Sample Code 2003-04-30
FxPlug Reference (HTML)
Describes the APIs for writing plug-ins for Motion and Final Cut Pro.
Apple Applications Reference 2008-07-04
FxPlug SDK Overview (HTML) (PDF)
Update for FxPlug SDK 1.2.3.
Apple Applications Guides 2008-07-04
Gamma Filter for FxPlug and AE (HTML) (DMG) (ZIP)
Cross-application FxPlug and After Effects plug-in code.
Apple Applications Sample Code 2008-06-02
The Gamma function in the Mac OS X 10.2 Math Library (HTML) (日本語 HTML)
QA1143: How various gamma functions are implemented in Mac OS X
Porting Technical Q&As 2002-08-27
Garbage Collection Programming Guide (HTML) (PDF)
Describes the garbage collection system for Cocoa.
Cocoa Guides 2008-03-11
Garbage Collection Release Notes (HTML)
Describes features, issues, and workarounds related to Mac OS X v10.5 and its support of garbage collection.
Cocoa Release Notes 2007-10-31