# rotate(_:backgroundColor:destination:) Rotates a 32-bit-per-channel, four-channel interleaved pixel buffer. ``` func rotate(_ rotation: vImage.Rotation, backgroundColor: Pixel_FFFF? = (0, 0, 0, 0), destination: vImage.PixelBuffer) ``` ## Parameters `rotation` An enumeration that specifies the rotation angle. `backgroundColor` An optional background color. If you pass `nil`, the operation uses the [`kvImageEdgeExtend`](/documentation/Accelerate/kvImageEdgeExtend) flag to extend the edges of the image infinitely. `destination` The destination pixel buffer. ## Discussion Use this function to either rotate an image by a multiple of 90° or by an angle, which you specify in degrees or radians. When you specify a rotation that’s a multiple of 90° (such as [`vImage.Rotation.clockwise270Degrees`](/documentation/Accelerate/vImage/Rotation/clockwise270Degrees)), this function maps the center point of the source image to the center point of the destination image. It doesn’t scale or resample; instead, the function copies individual pixels unchanged to new locations. The 90° and 270° rotations don’t rotate around the true center of the image if either of the following is true: - The parities of the source height and the destination width don’t match. For example, the source height is odd and the destination width is even. - The parities of the source width and the destination height don’t match. For example, the source width is odd and the destination height is even. The 0° and 180° rotations don’t rotate around the true center of the image if either of the following is true: - The parities of the source height and the destination height don’t match. For example, the source height is odd and the destination height is even. - The parities of the source width and the destination width don’t match. For example, the source width is odd and the destination width is even. To overcome this limitation, specify [`vImage.Rotation.angleInRadians(_:)`](/documentation/Accelerate/vImage/Rotation/angleInRadians(_:)) or [`vImage.Rotation.angleInDegrees(_:)`](/documentation/Accelerate/vImage/Rotation/angleInDegrees(_:)) to invoke the high-level rotate function. ## See Also --- Copyright © 2026 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. | [Terms of Use](https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/terms/site.html) | [Privacy Policy](https://www.apple.com/privacy/privacy-policy)