# ClosedRange An interval from a lower bound up to, and including, an upper bound. ``` @frozen struct ClosedRange where Bound : Comparable ``` ## Overview You create a `ClosedRange` instance by using the closed range operator (`...`). ``` let throughFive = 0...5 ``` A `ClosedRange` instance contains both its lower bound and its upper bound. ``` throughFive.contains(3) // true throughFive.contains(10) // false throughFive.contains(5) // true ``` Because a closed range includes its upper bound, a closed range whose lower bound is equal to the upper bound contains that value. Therefore, a `ClosedRange` instance cannot represent an empty range. ``` let zeroInclusive = 0...0 zeroInclusive.contains(0) // true zeroInclusive.isEmpty // false ``` ## Using a Closed Range as a Collection of Consecutive Values When a closed range uses integers as its lower and upper bounds, or any other type that conforms to the `Strideable` protocol with an integer stride, you can use that range in a `for`-`in` loop or with any sequence or collection method. The elements of the range are the consecutive values from its lower bound up to, and including, its upper bound. ``` for n in 3...5 { print(n) } // Prints "3" // Prints "4" // Prints "5" ``` Because floating-point types such as `Float` and `Double` are their own `Stride` types, they cannot be used as the bounds of a countable range. If you need to iterate over consecutive floating-point values, see the `stride(from:through:by:)` function. ## Topics ### Creating a Range Create a new range using the closed range operator (`...`). [`...(_:_:)`](/documentation/Swift/Comparable/...(_:_:)) Returns a closed range that contains both of its bounds. ### Converting Ranges [`relative(to:)`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/relative(to:)) Returns the range of indices described by this range expression within the given collection. ### Inspecting a Range [`isEmpty`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/isEmpty) A Boolean value indicating whether the range contains no elements. [`lowerBound`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/lowerBound) The range’s lower bound. [`upperBound`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/upperBound) The range’s upper bound. ### Checking for Containment [`~=(_:_:)`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/~=(_:_:)) Returns a Boolean value indicating whether a value is included in a range. ### Clamping a Range [`clamped(to:)`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/clamped(to:)) Returns a copy of this range clamped to the given limiting range. ### Comparing Ranges [`==(_:_:)`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/==(_:_:)) Returns a Boolean value indicating whether two ranges are equal. [`!=(_:_:)`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/!=(_:_:)) Returns a Boolean value indicating whether two values are not equal. [`overlaps(_:)`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/overlaps(_:)-947dt) Returns a Boolean value indicating whether this range and the given range contain an element in common. [`overlaps(_:)`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/overlaps(_:)-7dfep) Returns a Boolean value indicating whether this range and the given closed range contain an element in common. ### Manipulating Indices [`hash(into:)`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/hash(into:)) Hashes the essential components of this value by feeding them into the given hasher. ### Describing a Range [`description`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/description) A textual representation of the range. [`debugDescription`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/debugDescription) A textual representation of the range, suitable for debugging. [`customMirror`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/customMirror) The custom mirror for this instance. ### Encoding and Decoding a Range [`encode(to:)`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/encode(to:)) Encodes this value into the given encoder. [`init(from:)`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/init(from:)) Creates a new instance by decoding from the given decoder. ### Infrequently Used Functionality [`init(uncheckedBounds:)`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/init(uncheckedBounds:)) Creates an instance with the given bounds. [`hashValue`](/documentation/Swift/ClosedRange/hashValue) The hash value. --- Copyright © 2026 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. | [Terms of Use](https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/terms/site.html) | [Privacy Policy](https://www.apple.com/privacy/privacy-policy)