I succeeded by removing all the materials from my trees and adding the materials to my final flattened node :)
code :
let materiaux_init = tree_init.geometry?.materials // NEW
for child in scene_temp.rootNode.childNodes {
let newtree = tree.flattenedClone()
newtree.geometry?.materials.removeAll(). // NEW
sum_tree.addChildNode(newtree)
}
let sum_tree_flat = sum_tree.flattenedClone()
sum_tree_flat.geometry?.materials = materials_init! // NEW
scene.rootNode.addChildNode(sum_tree_flat)
Thanks a lot!