MoreCFQ/MoreCFQ.c

/*
    File:       MoreCFQ.c
 
    Contains:   Core Foundation utility Routines.
 
    Written by: DTS
 
    Copyright:  Copyright (c) 2007 by Apple Inc., All Rights Reserved.
 
    Disclaimer: IMPORTANT:  This Apple software is supplied to you by Apple Inc.
                ("Apple") in consideration of your agreement to the following terms, and your
                use, installation, modification or redistribution of this Apple software
                constitutes acceptance of these terms.  If you do not agree with these terms,
                please do not use, install, modify or redistribute this Apple software.
 
                In consideration of your agreement to abide by the following terms, and subject
                to these terms, Apple grants you a personal, non-exclusive license, under Apple's
                copyrights in this original Apple software (the "Apple Software"), to use,
                reproduce, modify and redistribute the Apple Software, with or without
                modifications, in source and/or binary forms; provided that if you redistribute
                the Apple Software in its entirety and without modifications, you must retain
                this notice and the following text and disclaimers in all such redistributions of
                the Apple Software.  Neither the name, trademarks, service marks or logos of
                Apple Inc. may be used to endorse or promote products derived from the
                Apple Software without specific prior written permission from Apple.  Except as
                expressly stated in this notice, no other rights or licenses, express or implied,
                are granted by Apple herein, including but not limited to any patent rights that
                may be infringed by your derivative works or by other works in which the Apple
                Software may be incorporated.
 
                The Apple Software is provided by Apple on an "AS IS" basis.  APPLE MAKES NO
                WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED
                WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
                PURPOSE, REGARDING THE APPLE SOFTWARE OR ITS USE AND OPERATION ALONE OR IN
                COMBINATION WITH YOUR PRODUCTS.
 
                IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR
                CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE
                GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
                ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE, REPRODUCTION, MODIFICATION AND/OR DISTRIBUTION
                OF THE APPLE SOFTWARE, HOWEVER CAUSED AND WHETHER UNDER THEORY OF CONTRACT, TORT
                (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF APPLE HAS BEEN
                ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 
    Change History (most recent first):
 
$Log: MoreCFQ.c,v $
Revision 1.17  2006/03/27 15:10:57  eskimo1
Correct sign vs unsigned char warnings.
 
Revision 1.16  2006/03/27 14:38:14  eskimo1
Eliminate high-bit set characters.
 
Revision 1.15  2006/03/24 18:37:16  eskimo1
Eliminate TARGET_RT_MAC_CFM guards where they are inappropriate.
 
Revision 1.14  2006/03/24 15:41:04  eskimo1
Updated copyright.
 
Revision 1.13  2006/03/24 12:35:44  eskimo1
Eliminate "pascal" keyword.
 
Revision 1.12  2006/03/24 11:26:44  eskimo1
Eliminated "MoreSetup.h" to make it easier for folks to copy MIB source into their projects.
 
Revision 1.11  2005/03/17 13:38:26  eskimo1
CFQStringCopyCString was comparing an OSStatus to NULL rather than noErr.  Kudos to GCC 4.0 for pointing that out.
 
Revision 1.10  2005/03/15 12:19:40  eskimo1
The normalisation routines are not available to CFM, because the underlying CFStringNormalize is not available to CFM.  Also, rename a few local variables to avoid GCC's "shadows a global declaration" warning.
 
Revision 1.9  2005/02/03 09:23:35  eskimo1
Added normalisation and HFSUniStr255 routines.
 
Revision 1.8  2003/04/14 15:49:05  eskimo1
Add CFQAllocate/Deallocate.  Use it to prevent "malloc(0) returns NULL" problems.
 
Revision 1.7  2003/04/04 15:01:45  eskimo1
Added CFQCreateBundleFromFrameworkName.
 
Revision 1.6  2003/02/26 20:49:21  eskimo1
The GetValueAtPath APIs are "Get" and not "Copy" APIs, so they don't need *result == NULL as a precondition.
 
Revision 1.5  2002/12/12 15:22:25  eskimo1
Added CFQDictionaryMerge.
 
Revision 1.4  2002/11/08 23:08:47  eskimo1
Convert nil to NULL. Added CFQStringCopyCString. Convert MoreAssertQ to assert.
 
Revision 1.3  2002/10/24 11:46:07  eskimo1
Added CFQError routines.
 
Revision 1.2  2002/01/22 06:14:19  eskimo1
Change CFQDictionaryAddNumber to CFQDictionarySetNumber.
 
Revision 1.1  2002/01/16 22:51:31  eskimo1
First checked in.
 
 
*/
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 
// Our prototypes
 
#include "MoreCFQ.h"
 
// System interfaces
 
#include <stdlib.h>
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#pragma mark ***** Trivial Utilities
 
extern OSStatus CFQErrorBoolean(Boolean shouldBeTrue)
{
    OSStatus err;
    
    err = noErr;
    if (!shouldBeTrue) {
        err = coreFoundationUnknownErr;
    }
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQError(const void *shouldBeNotNULL)
{
    return CFQErrorBoolean(shouldBeNotNULL != NULL);
}
 
extern CFTypeRef CFQRetain(CFTypeRef cf)
    // See comment in header.
{
    if (cf != NULL) {
        (void) CFRetain(cf);
    }
    return cf;
}
 
extern void CFQRelease(CFTypeRef cf)
    // See comment in header.
{
    if (cf != NULL) {
        CFRelease(cf);
    }
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQAllocate(ByteCount bytesToAllocate, void **blockPtrPtr)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus    err;
    void *      blockPtr;
    
    assert( ((CFIndex) bytesToAllocate) >= 0 );     // CFIndex is signed
    assert( blockPtrPtr != NULL);
    assert(*blockPtrPtr == NULL);
 
    // CFAllocatorAllocate always returns NULL if you ask for 0 bytes. 
    // For my coding style, that's very unhelpful.  So if you ask for 
    // a block of 0 bytes, you actually get a block of 1 bytes.
    
    if (bytesToAllocate == 0) {
        bytesToAllocate += 1;
    }
    
    // Allocate the memory.
    
    err = noErr;
    // NULL is a synonym for kCFAllocatorDefault.
    blockPtr = CFAllocatorAllocate(NULL, (CFIndex) bytesToAllocate, 0);
    if (blockPtr == NULL) {
        err = memFullErr;
    }
    *blockPtrPtr = blockPtr;
    
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*blockPtrPtr != NULL) );
    
    return err;
}
 
extern void     CFQDeallocate(void *blockPtr)
    // See comment in header.
{
    // CFAllocatorDeallocate handles blockPtr being NULL.
    
    // NULL is a synonym for kCFAllocatorDefault.
    CFAllocatorDeallocate(NULL, blockPtr);
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQDictionaryCreateMutable(CFMutableDictionaryRef *result)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus err;
    
    assert( result != NULL);
    assert(*result == NULL);
 
    err = noErr;
    *result = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(NULL, 0, &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
    if (*result == NULL) {
        err = coreFoundationUnknownErr;
    }
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*result != NULL) );
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQArrayCreateMutable(CFMutableArrayRef *result)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus err;
    
    assert( result != NULL);
    assert(*result == NULL);
 
    err = noErr;
    *result = CFArrayCreateMutable(NULL, 0, &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks);
    if (*result == NULL) {
        err = coreFoundationUnknownErr;
    }
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*result != NULL) );
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQArrayCreateWithDictionaryKeys(CFDictionaryRef dict, CFArrayRef *result)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus    err;
    CFTypeRef * keys;
    
    assert( dict   != NULL);
    assert( result != NULL);
    assert(*result == NULL);
 
    // Allocate a buffer for the keys, get the keys into the buffer, and 
    // create the array from that buffer.
        
    keys = NULL;
    err = CFQAllocate(CFDictionaryGetCount(dict) * sizeof(CFTypeRef), (void **) &keys);
    if (err == noErr) {
        CFDictionaryGetKeysAndValues(dict, (const void **) keys, NULL);
        
        *result = CFArrayCreate(NULL, keys, CFDictionaryGetCount(dict), &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks);
        if (*result == NULL) {
            err = coreFoundationUnknownErr;
        }
    }
 
    // Clean up.
    
    CFQDeallocate(keys);
    
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*result != NULL) );
    assert( (*result == NULL) || (CFDictionaryGetCount(dict) == CFArrayGetCount(*result)) );
    
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQArrayCreateWithDictionaryValues(CFDictionaryRef dict, CFArrayRef *result)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus    err;
    CFTypeRef * values;
    
    assert( dict   != NULL);
    assert( result != NULL);
    assert(*result == NULL);
    
    // Allocate a buffer for the values, get the values into the buffer, and 
    // create the array from that buffer.
 
    values = NULL;
    err = CFQAllocate(CFDictionaryGetCount(dict) * sizeof(CFTypeRef), (void **) &values);
    if (err == noErr) {
        CFDictionaryGetKeysAndValues(dict, NULL, (const void **) values);
        
        *result = CFArrayCreate(NULL, values, CFDictionaryGetCount(dict), &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks);
        if (*result == NULL) {
            err = coreFoundationUnknownErr;
        }
    }
    
    // Clean up.
    
    CFQDeallocate(values);
    
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*result != NULL) );
    assert( (*result == NULL) || (CFDictionaryGetCount(dict) == CFArrayGetCount(*result)) );
    
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQDictionaryCreateWithArrayOfKeysAndValues(CFArrayRef keys, 
                                                                   CFArrayRef values, 
                                                                   CFDictionaryRef *result)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus    err;
    CFIndex     count;
    CFTypeRef * keysBuffer;
    CFTypeRef * valuesBuffer;
    
    assert(keys != NULL);
    assert(values != NULL);
    assert( CFArrayGetCount(keys) == CFArrayGetCount(values) );
    assert( result != NULL);
    assert(*result == NULL);
    
    keysBuffer   = NULL;
    valuesBuffer = NULL;
 
    // Check that the arrays are of a like size.
        
    err = noErr;
    count = CFArrayGetCount(keys);
    if ( count != CFArrayGetCount(values) ) {
        err = paramErr;
    }
    
    // Allocate a buffer for both keys and values.
    
    if (err == noErr) {
        err = CFQAllocate(sizeof(CFTypeRef) * count, (void **) &keysBuffer);
    }
    if (err == noErr) {
        err = CFQAllocate(sizeof(CFTypeRef) * count, (void **) &valuesBuffer);
    }
    
    // Get the keys and values into their buffers, and create a 
    // dictionary based on the buffer.
    
    if (err == noErr) {
        CFArrayGetValues(keys,   CFRangeMake(0, count), keysBuffer);
        CFArrayGetValues(values, CFRangeMake(0, count), valuesBuffer);
        
        *result = CFDictionaryCreate(NULL, keysBuffer, valuesBuffer, count, &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
        if (*result == NULL) {
            err = coreFoundationUnknownErr;
        }
    }
    
    // Clean up.
    
    CFQDeallocate(keysBuffer);
    CFQDeallocate(valuesBuffer);
    
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQDictionarySetNumber(CFMutableDictionaryRef dict, const void *key, long value)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus    err;
    CFNumberRef valueNum;
 
    // Create a CFNumber and add it to the dictionary.
        
    err = noErr;
    valueNum = CFNumberCreate(NULL, kCFNumberLongType, &value);
    if (valueNum == NULL) {
        err = coreFoundationUnknownErr;
    }
    if (err == noErr) {
        CFDictionarySetValue(dict, key, valueNum);
    }
    CFQRelease(valueNum);
    
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQStringCopyCString(CFStringRef str, CFStringEncoding encoding, char **cStrPtr)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus        err;
    CFIndex         cStrLen;
    CFRange         range;
    
    assert( str     != NULL);
    assert( cStrPtr != NULL);
    assert(*cStrPtr == NULL);
 
    err = noErr;
    
    range = CFRangeMake(0, CFStringGetLength(str));
        
    (void) CFStringGetBytes(str, range, encoding, 0, false, NULL, 0, &cStrLen);
 
    // Can't convert to CFQAllocate because the caller is required 
    // to free the string using "free", and there's no guarantee that 
    // CFQAllocate and "free" are compatible (for example, if you're 
    // compiling CFM and running on Mac OS X, "free" is from an MSL pool 
    // while CFQAllocate allocates from System framework).
    // 
    // Anyway, this isn't a problem because the size is always at 
    // least one byte, so malloc won't misbehave.
    
    *cStrPtr = (char *) malloc( ((size_t) cStrLen) + 1);
    if (*cStrPtr == NULL) {
        err = memFullErr;
    }
 
    if (err == noErr) {
        // In the debug build, initialise the last byte of the buffer so that 
        // we can check that CFStringGetBytes doesn't overrun.
        
        #if !defined(NDEBUG)
            ((UInt8 *)*cStrPtr)[cStrLen] = 0xA5;        // option-8, or MacRoman for BULLET
        #endif
        
        if ( CFStringGetBytes(str, range, encoding, 0, false, (UInt8 *) *cStrPtr, cStrLen, &cStrLen) != range.length ) {
            err = kCFQDataErr;
        }
    }
    if (err == noErr) {     
        assert( ((const UInt8 *)*cStrPtr)[cStrLen] == 0xA5);
        (*cStrPtr)[cStrLen] = 0;
    } else {
        free(*cStrPtr);
        *cStrPtr = NULL;
    }
 
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*cStrPtr != NULL) );
 
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQStringNormalize(CFStringRef *strPtr)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus            err;
    CFMutableStringRef  tmpStr;
    
    assert( strPtr != NULL);
    assert(*strPtr != NULL);
    
    err = noErr;
    tmpStr = CFStringCreateMutableCopy(NULL, 0, *strPtr);
    if (tmpStr == NULL) {
        err = coreFoundationUnknownErr;
    } else {
        CFStringNormalize(tmpStr, kCFStringNormalizationFormD);
        
        CFRelease(*strPtr);
        *strPtr = tmpStr;
    }
    
    assert( strPtr != NULL);
    assert(*strPtr != NULL);
    
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQCopyLocalisedNormalisedString(
    CFStringRef     key, 
    CFStringRef     comment, 
    CFStringRef *   resultPtr
)
    // See comment in header.
{
    #pragma unused(comment)
    OSStatus    err;
    CFStringRef result;
 
    assert(key != NULL);
    assert(comment != NULL);
    assert(resultPtr != NULL);
    assert(*resultPtr == NULL);
    
    result = CFCopyLocalizedString(key, comment);
    err = CFQError(result);
    
    if (err == noErr) {
        err = CFQStringNormalize(&result);
    }
 
    // Clean up.
    
    if (err != noErr) {
        CFQRelease(result);
        result = NULL;
    }
    *resultPtr = result;
    
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*resultPtr != NULL) );
    
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQStringCreateWithHFSUniStr255(
    const HFSUniStr255 *    hfsStr, 
    CFStringRef *           strPtr
)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus    err;
    
    assert(hfsStr != NULL);
    assert( strPtr != NULL);
    assert(*strPtr == NULL);
    
    err = noErr;
    *strPtr = CFStringCreateWithCharacters(
        NULL, 
        hfsStr->unicode, 
        hfsStr->length
    );
    err = CFQError(*strPtr);
    
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*strPtr != NULL) );
    
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQStringGetHFSUniStr255(
    CFStringRef     str, 
    HFSUniStr255 *  hfsStr
)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus    err;
    CFIndex     len;
    
    assert(str    != NULL);
    assert(hfsStr != NULL);
    
    len = CFStringGetLength(str);
    if ( len > 255 ) {
        err = bdNamErr;
    } else {
        err = noErr;
        hfsStr->length = (UInt16) len;
        CFStringGetCharacters(str, CFRangeMake(0, len), hfsStr->unicode);
    }
 
    return err;
}
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#pragma mark ***** Bundle Routines
 
extern OSStatus CFQBundleCreateFromFrameworkName(CFStringRef frameworkName, 
                                                        CFBundleRef *bundlePtr)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus    err;
    FSRef       frameworksFolderRef;
    CFURLRef    baseURL;
    CFURLRef    bundleURL;
    
    assert(frameworkName != NULL);
    assert( bundlePtr != NULL);
    assert(*bundlePtr == NULL);
    
    *bundlePtr = NULL;
    
    baseURL = NULL;
    bundleURL = NULL;
    
    // Find the frameworks folder and create a URL for it.
    
    err = FSFindFolder(kOnAppropriateDisk, kFrameworksFolderType, true, &frameworksFolderRef);
    if (err == noErr) {
        baseURL = CFURLCreateFromFSRef(kCFAllocatorSystemDefault, &frameworksFolderRef);
        err = CFQError(baseURL);
    }
    
    // Append the name of the framework to the URL.
    
    if (err == noErr) {
        bundleURL = CFURLCreateCopyAppendingPathComponent(kCFAllocatorSystemDefault, baseURL, frameworkName, false);
        err = CFQError(bundleURL);
    }
    
    // Create a bundle based on that URL and load the bundle into memory.
    
    if (err == noErr) {
        *bundlePtr = CFBundleCreate(kCFAllocatorSystemDefault, bundleURL);
        err = CFQError(*bundlePtr);
    }
    if (err == noErr) {
        err = CFQErrorBoolean( CFBundleLoadExecutable( *bundlePtr ) );
    }
 
    // Clean up.
    
    if (err != noErr) {
        CFQRelease(*bundlePtr);
        *bundlePtr = NULL;
    }
    CFQRelease(bundleURL);
    CFQRelease(baseURL);
    
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*bundlePtr != NULL) );
    
    return err;
}
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#pragma mark ***** Dictionary Path Routines
 
extern OSStatus CFQDictionaryGetValueAtPath(CFDictionaryRef dict, 
                                                   const void *path[], CFIndex pathElementCount, 
                                                   const void **result)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus        err;
    CFDictionaryRef parent;
    CFIndex         thisElement;
    const void *    child;
 
    assert( dict   != NULL);
    assert( path   != NULL);
    assert( pathElementCount > 0 );     // 0 length paths aren't allowed
    assert( result != NULL);
 
    // Some subtleties in the following loop.
    //
    // o It's possible for dictionaries to contain NULL values, so we use 
    //   CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent to test for the presence of the 
    //   child rather than CFDictionaryGetValue.
    //
    // o We use CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent in place of the combination of
    //   CFDictionaryContainsKey and CFDictionaryGetValue because it does 
    //   both operations in one hit.
    // 
    // o Loop terminates in one of three ways:
    //     i) a path element isn't found (kCFQKeyNotFoundErr)
    //    ii) we find the last path element
    //   iii) we proceed to the next path element but the child we 
    //        found isn't valid (kCFQDataErr)
    //
    // o There are no releases or retains in this loop because all values are 
    //    got with "Get" operations.
 
    err = noErr;        
    thisElement = 0;
    parent = dict;
 
    while (true) {
        if ( ! CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(parent, path[thisElement], &child) ) {
            err = kCFQKeyNotFoundErr;
            break;
        }
    
        if (thisElement == (pathElementCount - 1)) {
            break;
        }
        
        if ( (child == NULL) || (CFGetTypeID(child) != CFDictionaryGetTypeID()) ) {
            err = kCFQDataErr;
            break;
        }
 
        parent = (CFDictionaryRef) child;
        thisElement += 1;
    }
    
    if (err == noErr) {
        *result = child;
    }
    
    return err;
}
 
static OSStatus PathArrayHelper(CFArrayRef path, CFTypeRef **pathElements)
    // pathElements is a pointer to an array of CFTypeRefs. 
    // On return, *pathElements is set to a newly allocated 
    // array which you must free using "free".
{
    OSStatus err;
    CFIndex  pathElementCount;
 
    assert(path != NULL);
    assert(pathElements != NULL);
    // We don't assert that *pathElements is NULL because part of 
    // our semantics is that we always set it to NULL.
 
    pathElementCount = CFArrayGetCount(path);
    assert(pathElementCount > 0);
    
    err = noErr;
    *pathElements = (CFTypeRef *) malloc(sizeof(CFTypeRef) * pathElementCount);     // pathElementCount > 0, so malloc(0) not possible
    if (*pathElements == NULL) {
        err = memFullErr;
    }
    if (err == noErr) {
        CFArrayGetValues(path, CFRangeMake(0, pathElementCount), *pathElements);
    }
    
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*pathElements != NULL) );
    
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQDictionaryGetValueAtPathArray(CFDictionaryRef dict, 
                                                   CFArrayRef path, 
                                                   const void **result)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus    err;
    CFTypeRef * pathElements;
    
    assert( dict   != NULL);
    assert( path   != NULL);
    assert( result != NULL);
 
    err = PathArrayHelper(path, &pathElements);
    if (err == noErr) {
        err = CFQDictionaryGetValueAtPath(dict, pathElements, CFArrayGetCount(path), result);
    }
    if (pathElements != NULL) {
        free(pathElements);
    }
 
    return err;
}
 
static OSStatus CFQMutableDictionaryGetParentForPath(CFMutableDictionaryRef dict,
                                               const void *path[], CFIndex pathElementCount, 
                                               CFMutableDictionaryRef *result)
{
    OSStatus                err;
    CFIndex                 thisElement;
    CFMutableDictionaryRef  parent;
    CFDictionaryRef         child;
    
    assert( dict   != NULL);
    assert( path   != NULL);
    assert( pathElementCount > 0 );     // 0 length paths aren't allowed
    assert( result != NULL);
 
    // Some subtleties in the following loop.
    //
    // o It's possible for dictionaries to contain NULL values, so we use 
    //   CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent to test for the presence of the 
    //   child rather than CFDictionaryGetValue.
    //
    // o We use CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent in place of the combination of
    //   CFDictionaryContainsKey and CFDictionaryGetValue because it does 
    //   both operations in one hit.
    // 
    // o Loop terminates in one of three ways:
    //     i) we reach the last path element
    //    ii) a path element isn't found (kCFQKeyNotFoundErr)
    //   iii) we proceed to the next path element but the child we 
    //        found isn't valid (kCFQDataErr)
    //    iv) we get an error when creating a mutable dictionary
    //
    // o Memory tracking is very tricky.  Specifically, we have to be 
    //   very careful with the mutableChild variable.  We create this 
    //   each time we progress through a dictionary in the loop.  Each 
    //   time we create it we then immediately add it to the parent 
    //   dictionary, thus ensuring a continued reference count after 
    //   we release our reference count.
 
    err = noErr;
    thisElement = 0;
    parent = dict;
 
    while (true) {
        if (thisElement == (pathElementCount - 1)) {
            break;
        }
 
        if ( ! CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(parent, path[thisElement], (const void **) &child) ) {
            err = kCFQKeyNotFoundErr;
            break;
        }
    
        if ( (child == NULL) || (CFGetTypeID(child) != CFDictionaryGetTypeID()) ) {
            err = kCFQDataErr;
            break;
        }
        
        {
            CFMutableDictionaryRef mutableChild;
            
            mutableChild = CFDictionaryCreateMutableCopy(NULL, 0, child);
            if (mutableChild == NULL) {
                err = coreFoundationUnknownErr;
            }
            if (err == noErr) {
                CFDictionarySetValue(parent, path[thisElement], mutableChild);
                
                assert( CFGetRetainCount(mutableChild) >= 2 );
                
                parent = mutableChild;
                thisElement += 1;
            }
            
            CFQRelease(mutableChild);
        }
        if (err != noErr) {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (err == noErr) {
        *result = parent;
    }
    
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*result != NULL) );
    
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQDictionarySetValueAtPath(CFMutableDictionaryRef dict, 
                                                   const void *path[], CFIndex pathElementCount, 
                                                   const void *value)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus                err;
    CFMutableDictionaryRef  parent;
    
    assert( dict   != NULL);
    assert( path   != NULL);
    assert( pathElementCount > 0 );     // 0 length paths aren't allowed
 
    err = CFQMutableDictionaryGetParentForPath(dict, path, pathElementCount, &parent);
    if (err == noErr) {
        CFDictionarySetValue(parent, path[pathElementCount - 1], value);
    }
 
    return err; 
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQDictionarySetValueAtPathArray(CFMutableDictionaryRef dict, 
                                                   CFArrayRef path, 
                                                   const void *value)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus    err;
    CFTypeRef * pathElements;
    
    assert( dict   != NULL);
    assert( path   != NULL);
 
    err = PathArrayHelper(path, &pathElements);
    if (err == noErr) {
        err = CFQDictionarySetValueAtPath(dict, pathElements, CFArrayGetCount(path), value);
    }
    if (pathElements != NULL) {
        free(pathElements);
    }
 
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQDictionaryRemoveValueAtPath(CFMutableDictionaryRef dict, 
                                                   const void *path[], CFIndex pathElementCount)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus                err;
    CFMutableDictionaryRef  parent;
    
    assert( dict   != NULL);
    assert( path   != NULL);
    assert( pathElementCount > 0 );     // 0 length paths aren't allowed
 
    err = CFQMutableDictionaryGetParentForPath(dict, path, pathElementCount, &parent);
    if ( ! CFDictionaryContainsKey(parent, path[pathElementCount - 1]) ) {
        err = kCFQKeyNotFoundErr;
    }
    if (err == noErr) {
        CFDictionaryRemoveValue(parent, path[pathElementCount - 1]);
    }
 
    return err; 
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQDictionaryRemoveValueAtPathArray(CFMutableDictionaryRef dict, 
                                                   CFArrayRef path)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus    err;
    CFTypeRef * pathElements;
    
    assert( dict   != NULL);
    assert( path   != NULL);
 
    err = PathArrayHelper(path, &pathElements);
    if (err == noErr) {
        err = CFQDictionaryRemoveValueAtPath(dict, pathElements, CFArrayGetCount(path));
    }
    if (pathElements != NULL) {
        free(pathElements);
    }
 
    return err;
}
 
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#pragma mark ***** Property List Traversal Routines
 
extern void CFQPropertyListDeepApplyFunction(CFPropertyListRef propList, 
                                                    CFQPropertyListDeepApplierFunction func,
                                                    void *context)
    // See comment in header.
{
    assert(propList != NULL);
    assert(func     != NULL);
    
    // Call "func" for this node.
    
    func(propList, context);
    
    // If this node is a dictionary or an array, call func for 
    // each element.
    
    if ( CFGetTypeID(propList) == CFDictionaryGetTypeID() ) {
        CFIndex itemCount;
        CFIndex itemIndex;
        
        itemCount = CFDictionaryGetCount( (CFDictionaryRef) propList);
        if (itemCount > 0) {
            const void **keys;
 
            keys = (const void **) malloc( itemCount * sizeof(const void *));
            if (keys != NULL) {
                CFDictionaryGetKeysAndValues( (CFDictionaryRef) propList, keys, NULL);
                
                for (itemIndex = 0; itemIndex < itemCount; itemIndex++) {
                    CFQPropertyListDeepApplyFunction(CFDictionaryGetValue( (CFDictionaryRef) propList, keys[itemIndex]), func, context);
                }
                free(keys);
            }
        }
    } else if ( CFGetTypeID(propList) == CFArrayGetTypeID() ) {
        CFIndex itemCount;
        long    itemIndex;
        
        itemCount = CFArrayGetCount( (CFArrayRef) propList);
        for (itemIndex = 0; itemIndex < itemCount; itemIndex++) {
            CFQPropertyListDeepApplyFunction(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex( (CFArrayRef) propList, itemIndex), func, context);
        }
    }
}
 
extern Boolean CFQPropertyListIsLeaf(CFTypeRef node)
    // See comment in header.
{
    return ! (     (CFGetTypeID(node) == CFDictionaryGetTypeID())
                || (CFGetTypeID(node) == CFArrayGetTypeID())      );
}
 
extern void CFQPropertyListShallowApplyFunction(CFPropertyListRef propList, 
                                                       CFQPropertyListShallowApplierFunction func,
                                                       void *context)
    // See comment in header.
{
    assert(propList != NULL);
    assert(func     != NULL);
 
    // If this node is a dictionary, call "func" for each element.
    //
    // If this node is an array, call "func" for each element and 
    // pass a CFNumber of the element's array index to its "key" 
    // parameter.
    
    if ( CFGetTypeID(propList) == CFDictionaryGetTypeID() ) {
        CFIndex itemCount;
        CFIndex itemIndex;
        
        itemCount = CFDictionaryGetCount( (CFDictionaryRef) propList);
        
        if (itemCount > 0) {
            const void **       keys;
            CFArrayRef          keysArray;
            CFMutableArrayRef   keysArrayMutable;
            
            keys             = NULL;
            keysArray        = NULL;
            keysArrayMutable = NULL;
            
            keys = (const void **) malloc( itemCount * sizeof(const void *));
            if (keys != NULL) {
                CFDictionaryGetKeysAndValues( (CFDictionaryRef) propList, keys, NULL);
                
                keysArray = CFArrayCreate(NULL, keys, itemCount, &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks);
                assert(keysArray != NULL);
            }
            if (keysArray != NULL) {
                keysArrayMutable = CFArrayCreateMutableCopy(NULL, 0, keysArray);
                assert(keysArrayMutable != NULL);
            }
            if (keysArrayMutable != NULL) {
                CFArraySortValues(keysArrayMutable, CFRangeMake(0, itemCount), (CFComparatorFunction) CFStringCompare, (void *) (uintptr_t) 0);
 
                for (itemIndex = 0; itemIndex < itemCount; itemIndex++) {
                    CFStringRef key;
                    
                    key = CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(keysArrayMutable, itemIndex);
                    func(key, CFDictionaryGetValue( (CFDictionaryRef) propList, key), context);
                }
            }
            
            CFQRelease(keysArrayMutable);
            CFQRelease(keysArray);
            free(keys);
        }
    } else if ( CFGetTypeID(propList) == CFArrayGetTypeID() ) {
        CFIndex itemCount;
        CFIndex itemIndex;
        
        itemCount = CFArrayGetCount( (CFArrayRef) propList);
        for (itemIndex = 0; itemIndex < itemCount; itemIndex++) {
            CFNumberRef key;
            
            key = CFNumberCreate(NULL, kCFNumberLongType, &itemIndex);
            if (key != NULL) {
                func(key, CFArrayGetValueAtIndex( (CFArrayRef) propList, itemIndex), context);
                CFRelease(key);
            }
        }
    } else {
        assert(false);
    }
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQPropertyListCreateFromXMLFSRef(const FSRef *xmlFile, CFPropertyListMutabilityOptions options, CFPropertyListRef *result)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus  err;
    CFURLRef  xmlURL;
    
    assert(xmlFile != NULL);
    assert( result != NULL);
    assert(*result == NULL);
    
    xmlURL = CFURLCreateFromFSRef(NULL, xmlFile);
    err = CFQError(xmlURL);
    if (err == noErr) {
        err = CFQPropertyListCreateFromXMLCFURL(xmlURL, options, result);
    }
    
    CFQRelease(xmlURL);
    
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*result != NULL) );
 
    return err;
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQPropertyListCreateFromXMLCFURL(CFURLRef xmlFile, CFPropertyListMutabilityOptions options, CFPropertyListRef *result)
    // See comment in header.
{
    OSStatus  err;
    CFDataRef xmlData;
    
    assert(xmlFile != NULL);
    assert( result != NULL);
    assert(*result == NULL);
 
    xmlData = NULL;
 
    err = noErr;
    if ( ! CFURLCreateDataAndPropertiesFromResource(NULL, xmlFile, &xmlData, NULL, NULL, &err) && (err == noErr) ) {
        err = coreFoundationUnknownErr;
    }
    
    if (err == noErr) {
        *result = CFPropertyListCreateFromXMLData(NULL, xmlData, options, NULL);
        if (*result == NULL) {
            err = coreFoundationUnknownErr;
        }
    }
 
    CFQRelease(xmlData);
 
    assert( (err == noErr) == (*result != NULL) );
    
    return err;
}
 
static void MergeOne(const void *key, const void *value, void *context)
{
    CFMutableDictionaryRef  dst;
    
    assert(context != NULL);
    
    dst = (CFMutableDictionaryRef) context;
    assert( CFGetTypeID(dst) == CFDictionaryGetTypeID() );
    
    CFDictionarySetValue(dst, key, value);
}
 
extern OSStatus CFQDictionaryMerge(CFMutableDictionaryRef dst, CFDictionaryRef src)
{
    OSStatus err;
    
    assert(dst != NULL);
    assert(src != NULL);
    
    err = noErr;
    CFDictionaryApplyFunction(src, MergeOne, dst);
    
    return err;
}