Modifying the text Element

First, change the text element. Depending on your XML editor, it appears as:

<text>Welcome to

Texas</text>

Change this to:

<text>Welcome to

California</text>

Modifying the object Elements

Motion contains one object element for every glyph in the associated text object:

Listing 7-1  Initial Glyphs in the Text Object

<object value=”87”><! letter "W" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”1” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

<object value=”101”><! letter "e" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”2” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

<object value=”108”><! letter "l" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”3” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

. . .

<object value=”84”><! letter "T" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”12” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

<object value=”101”><! letter "e" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”13” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

<object value=”120”><! letter "x" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”14” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

. . .

Note the following:

• The value= attribute of each object element represents the decimal ASCII value of the character for each glyph. The ASCII value should match the associated letter in the text element.

• The id= of the Kerning parameter is equal to the index of each glyph, starting with 1.

• For “Welcome to Texas,” there are 16 object elements, one for every character in the text element. As well, newline, tab, space and other whitespace characters require an object element.

Modifying the glyphs for “Welcome to California,” results in these object elements (partially shown):

Listing 7-2  Changed Glyphs in the Text Object

<object value=”87”><! letter "W" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”1” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

<object value=”101”><! letter "e" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”2” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

<object value=”108”><! letter "l" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”3” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

. . .

<object value=”67”><! letter "C" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”12” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

<object value=”97”><! letter "a" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”13” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

<object value=”108”><! letter "l" -->

  <parameter name=”Kerning” id=”14” flags=”16” value=”0” />

</object>

. . .

Modifying the styleRun Element

Motion uses styleRun elements to specify the range that text style elements refer to. Without properly specified styleRun elements, style elements, which encode font information, do not have any effect.

In the original project file, the styleRun elements appear as follows:

<styleRun style=”10032” offset=”0” length=”11” />

<styleRun style=”10107” offset=”11” length=”5” />

The style= attribute refers to the id= attribute of a style element. The length= attribute indicates the span of the styleRun.

The first styleRun element in this listing refers the style element that whose font is Stone Sans OS ITCTT. The first 11 characters snap the text “Welcome to “ (including the newline character).

The second styleRun element begins on the 12th character and spans 5 characters: “Texas”.

In the modified project file, the length of the string changes (since “Texas” changes to “California”). The styleRun elements then change as follows:

<styleRun style=”10032” offset=”0” length=”11” />

<styleRun style=”10107” offset=”11” length=”10” />

Note the following:

• The offset= attribute of the first styleRun element, which refers to the first character the indicated style affects, is 0.

• When the lengths of the text strings change, it is important to modify the appropriate styleRun element to ensure that the appropriate text style is applied to the new characters.

• Every character in a text object must be associated with a styleRun. It is important to check for consistency across all styleRun elements and to ensure there are no overlaps and no gaps in the range of characters affected.

Modifying the style Elements

You can change the font applied to “Texas” from Script to Sunflower by modifying the appropriate style element. In the original project file, there are two style elements for the text object.

<style name=”Style” id=”10032” factoryID=”1”>

  <font type=”0”>StoneSansOSITCTT-SemiIta</font>

...

</style>

<style name=”Style1” id=”10107” factoryID=”1”>

  <font type=”1”>Pro Series/Script</font>

...

</style>

Since each font has a unique name and a different type, you can use the font element’s type= attribute to identify the font element you want to change. In this case, it is in the second style element with an id= 10107. (If the two style elements have similar characteristics, you can use the id= attribute and the associated styleRun element to identify the correct font element to change.)

The second font element, whose type attribute refers to a LiveFont and whose contents is the system name of the Script font, pertains to the style element that is associated with the styleRun element spanning the characters in “Texas.” It is then changed to the following:

<style name=”Style” id=”10032” factoryID=”1”>

  <font type=”0”>StoneSansOSITCTT-SemiIta</font>

...

</style>

<style name=”Style1” id=”10107” factoryID=”1”>

  <font type=”1”>Pro Series/Sunflower</font>

...

</style>

The id= of the second style element is 10107 and corresponds to the style= attribute of the styleRun element. This element applies to the word “California,” which now appears in the Sunflower font.

Motion curve and keyframe Elements

Since Motion supports manual keyframing of parameters, the Position parameter of the Camera is represented as a curve with m keypoint elements. M is the number of frames for which camera data is available. The interpolation for each keypoint in the curve would is constant.

If the camera data has 300 frames, the XML for the Position parameter’s X channel would look like this:

<parameter name=”X” id=”1” flags=”16”>

  <curve type=”1” round=”0”>

    <numberOfKeypoints>300</numberOfKeypoints>

    <keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”

      <time>0</time>

      <value>20</time>

    </keypoint>

    <keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”>

      <time>1</time>

      <value>20.5</time>

    </keypoint>

    <keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”>

      <time>2</time>

      <value>21.5</time>

    </keypoint>

    ...

    <keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”>

      <time>299</time>

      <value>90</time>

    </keypoint>

  </curve>

</parameter>

Note the following points:

• The X channel does not contain a value= attribute. Keyframed parameters do not have a constant value and the value= attribute is not relevant. The curve subelement specifies all the position and time information for the X channel. See curve for more details.

• The curve element contains a numberOfKeypoints subelement specifying the number of data points being imported (300, in this case). The curve element then has 300 keypoint elements.

• Each keypoint element contains time and value subelements that represent the frame at which the data was recorded and the X position for that frame, respectively. The interpolation= attribute is set to 1, indicating constant interpolation across each keypoint.

• The keypoint elements do not contain the usual subelements specifying the input and output tangent times and values. Since the interpolation= attribute is set to a constant, tangent information is not necessary.

• The time value for the first keypoint is 0. Internally, Motion refers to the first frame of any project as frame 0.

To finish importing the camera data, you would need to encode information for the Y and Z channels of the camera’s Position parameter, as well as the X, Y and Z channels for the Rotation parameter.

Top-level Media Elements

Here is an XML example that displays top-level elements that are relevant to media and that are not described elsewhere in this document:

Listing 7-3  Top-level Media Elements

<ozml version=”3.0”>

  ...

  <scene>

    <sceneSettings>

    ...

    <frameRate>30</frameRate>

    <NTSC>1</NTSC>

    ...

   </sceneSettings>

   ...

   <timeRange offset=”0” duration=”4172” />

   <playRange offset=”0” duration=”4172” />

   ...

 </scene>

</ozml>

• scene: encodes scene settings, export settings, and the Motion scene graph. This element is a subelement of the ozml declaration element.

• sceneSettings: encodes Motion scene settings. This element is a subelement of scene.

• frameRate (unsigned integer): encodes the frame rate of a Motion project. This element is a subelement of sceneSettings. Note that the frame rate is saved as an integer rate. The true framerate for the project is determined by the NTSC element.

• NTSC (Boolean): indicates if the project is an NTSC project. This element is a subelement of sceneSettings. When the NTSC element is set to TRUE, the value in frameRate is adjusted internally to conform with NTSC standards. For example, 30 fps is adjusted to 29.97 fps.

• timeRange: the visible time range on the Motion Canvas. This element is a subelement of scene and contains the following attributes: offset= (frame): the frame at which the visible time range begins; duration= (unsigned integer): the number of frames visible on the time range.

• playRange: the playable time range on the Motion timeline. This element is a subelement of scene and contains the following attributes: offset= (frame): the frame at which playback begins; duration= (unsigned integer): the number of frames to play.

Steps for the Task

Suppose there is a Motion project with a media file named “oldMovie.mov” and that you want to replace it with a different file called “newMovie.mov.” (You will use the new footage at its default frame rate without retiming.)

The steps to follow are:

• Identify the scenenode referring to the relevant footage.

• Replace the old footage with new footage.

• Modify the accompanying audio data if necessary.

• Modify the scenenode referring to the relevant footage if necessary.

Identify the scenenode

The following XML example displays the scenenode with the relevant information:

Listing 7-4  Finding the scenenode

<scenenode name=”My movie object” id=”1056774” factoryID=”1” version=”3”>

...

  <linkedobjects>1056776</linkedobjects>

  <timing in=”0” out=”4171” offset=”0” />

  ...

  <parameter name=“Properties” id=”1” flags=”4112”>

  ...

  <parameter name=”Media” id=”300” flags=”65552” value=”1056770” />

   ...

 </parameter>

 ...

</scenenode>

...

<footage name=”Media Layer” id=”1056771”>

  <clip name=”oldMovie” id=”1056770”>

   <pathURL>file://localhost/Users/steve/Movies/oldMovie.mov</pathURL>

   ...

</footage>

Note these points:

• This scenenode element contains a Properties parameter that, in turn, contains a Media parameter. The value= attribute of this Media parameter (1056770) references the id= attribute of a clip element. This clip element specifies the media that you want to change.

• The linkedObjects element references an audioTrack element that contains audio information related to the clip element.

Swap in New Media

In general, a media file in Motion is specified by a clip element that is a subelement of a footage element. (See clip.)

Here is the XML specifying the current media file (“oldMovie”):

Listing 7-5  Current Media File

<footage name=”Media Layer” id=”1056771”>

  <clip name=”oldMovie” id=”1056770”>

  <pathURL>file://localhost/Users/steve/Movies/oldMovie.mov</pathURL>

  <missingWidth>1920</missingWidth>

  <missingHeight>816</missingHeight>

  <missingDuration>139.1808475</missingDuration>

  <creationDuration>4172</creationDuration>

  ...

  <timing in=”0” out=”4171” offset=”0” />

  ...

  <parameter name=”Object” id=”2” flags=”4176”>

  ...

  <parameter name=”Frame Rate” id=”107” flags=”64” value=”23.976” />

   ...

   <parameter name=”Fixed Width” id=”114” flags=”66” value=”1920” />

   <parameter name=”Fixed Height” id=”115” flags=”66” value=”816” />

   ...

 </parameter>

</footage>

To swap in the new media file:

• name=: As appropriate, change the name= attribute of the clip element to reflect the name of the new clip.

• pathURL: Set the value of this element to a URL pointing to the new media file.

• relativeURL: If applicable, set the value of this element to a relative URL pointing to the new media file.

• missingWidth: Set the value of this element to the image width of the new media file.

• missingHeight: Set the value of this element to the image height of the new media file.

• missingDuration: Set the value of this element to the duration of the new media file, in seconds. If the current media file is a still image, the value should be the reciprocal of the project frame rate.

• creationDuration: Set the value of this element to the number of frames this media file represents in the Motion project. This value is equal to missingDuration multiplied by the project’s frame rate, rounded up to the nearest integer.

  The project’s frame rate is set in the frameRate subelement of the sceneSettings element, which itself is a subelement of the scene element. (See Listing 7-3.)

  For NTSC projects, the frame rate must be adjusted to match standard NTSC framerates (for example, a 30 fps project will be 29.976 fps). The NTSC subelement of the sceneSettings element is set to 1 if the project is an NTSC project.

• timing: Set the in= and out= attributes to the desired beginning and end points for the clip. If the length of the new media file differs from the media file it replaces, you should modify this element to ensure that the entire media file plays back.

• Frame Rate: Set this parameter to match the frame rate of the media file. A value differing from the media file’s natural frame rate may introduce timing discrepancies during playback or export.

• Fixed Width, Fixed Height: Set the value of these parameters to the media file’s width and height, respectively.

The current clip (“oldMovie.mov”) is a 23.976 fps HD movie 139.18 seconds in length. The new clip ( “newMovie.mov”) is a 29.976 fps HD movie that is 111.14 seconds long.. Making all the appropriate changes in the clip element to swap in the new clip results in the following XML:

Listing 7-6  New Media File

<footage name=”Media Layer” id=”1056771”>

 <clip name=”newMovie” id=”1056770”>

  <pathURL>file://localhost/Users/steve/Movies/newMovie.mov</pathURL>

  <missingWidth>1920</missingWidth>

  <missingHeight>816</missingHeight>

  <missingDuration>111.14</missingDuration>

  <creationDuration>3332</creationDuration>

  ...

  <timing in=”0” out=”3331” offset=”0” />

  ...

  <parameter name=”Object” id=”2” flags=”4176”>

   ...

   <parameter name=”Frame Rate” id=”107” flags=”64” value=”29.976” />

   ...

   <parameter name=”Fixed Width” id=”114” flags=”66” value=”1920” />

   <parameter name=”Fixed Height” id=”115” flags=”66” value=”816” />

   ...

  </parameter>

</footage>

Modify the Audio Track

Media files that contain audio may require modifying the audiotrack element associated with the clip element.

Listing 7-7  Current Audio

<audio name=”Audio Layer” id=”1056777”>

 <audioTrack name=”oldMovie” id=”1056776”>

 ...

  <linkedObjects>1056774</linkedObjects>

  <timing in=”0” out=”4171” offset=”0” />

  ...

  <parameter name=”Properties” id=”1” flags=”4112”>

   <parameter name=”Media” id=”104” flags=”65552” value=”1056770” />

  ...

  <parameter name=”Retime Value” id=”109” flags=”131090”>

    <curve type=”1” round=”0” retimingExtrapolation=”1”>

    <numberOfKeypoints>2</numberOfKeypoints>

    <keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”>

     <time>0</time>

     <value>1</value>

      ...

    </keypoint>

     <keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”>

     <time>4172</time>

     <value>4173</value>

      ...

     </keypoint>

    </curve>

   </parameter>

   <parameter name=”Retime Value Cache” id=”109” flags=”131090”>

    <curve type=”1” round=”0” retimingExtrapolation=”1”>

     <numberOfKeypoints>2</numberOfKeypoints>

    <keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”>

      <time>0</time>

      <value>1</value>

      ...

     </keypoint>

     <keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”>

      <time>4172</time>

      <value>4173</value>

      ...

     </keypoint>

    </curve>

   </parameter>

   ...

  </parameter>

  ...

 </audioTrack>

</audio>

Note these points:

• As appropriate, you can modify the name= attribute of the audioTrack element.

• Because you are replacing the contents of a clip element, the value= attribute of the Media parameter should equal to the id= attribute of the clip element, and not require modification.

• Additionally, the audiotrack element contains a linkedObjects element that specifies the associated scenenode, and does not require modification.

• If the duration of the new movie file differs from the old movie file, you will need to change the timing information in the audioTrack element.

• The timing element contains the timing information playing audio in constant time. In this example, the audio track is the same length as the new media file.

• The Retime Value and Retime Value Cache parameters are not used when an audio track is played in constant time. But they may be modified to maintain consistency when variable timing is selected in the Inspector.

• Both the Retime Value and Retime Value Cache parameters are represented as curves with two keypoint subelements corresponding to the first and last frames in the file, in that order.

• The time and value subelements of the second keypoint element need to match the last frame in the new media file. Note that time is 0-based, while value is 1-based. That is, if the new media file is 3000 frames long, the value specified by time will be 2999 and value will be 3000.

• Because the audio track is not retimed, normal, inputTangentTime, inputTangentValue, outputTangentTime, and outputTangentValue are not used in this example and can be left as is.

The revised audioTrack element appears as follows:

Listing 7-8  New Audio

<audio name=”Audio Layer” id=”1056777”>

 <audioTrack name=”newMovie” id=”1056776”>

  ...

  <linkedObjects>1056774</linkedObjects>

  <timing in=”0” out=”3331” offset=”0” />

  ...

  <parameter name=”Properties” id=”1” flags=”4112”>

   <parameter name=”Media” id=”104” flags=”65552” value=”1056770” />

   ...

   <parameter name=”Retime Value” id=”109” flags=”131090”>

    <curve type=”1” round=”0” retimingExtrapolation=”1”

     <numberOfKeypoints>2</numberOfKeypoints

     <keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”>

     <time>0</time>

     <value>1</value>

      ...

    </keypoint>

<keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”>

     <time>3331</time>

      <value>3332</value

      ...

    </keypoint>

   </curve>

  </parameter>

   <parameter name=”Retime Value Cache” id=”109” flags=”131090”>

    <curve type=”1” round=”0” retimingExtrapolation=”1”>

    <numberOfKeypoints>2</numberOfKeypoints>

    <keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”>

    <time>0</time>

     <value>1</value>

     ...

    </keypoint>

    <keypoint interpolation=”1” flags=”32”>

      <time>3331</time>

      <value>3332</value>

      ...

     </keypoint>

    </curve>

   </parameter>

   ...

  </parameter>

  ...

 </audioTrack>

</audio>

Modify the scenenode Object

Because the id= attribute of the clip referencing the new media file is unchanged, there is no need to modify the Media parameter or the linkedObjects subelement of the scenenode element. However, if the media length differs, you may need to change the timing subelement in the same way you may need to change the timing element of the clip to ensure that the entire movie file is played back.

The Retime Value and Retime Value Cache parameters are not used when a movie clip is played in constant time. But you may need modify them to maintain consistency if variable timing is selected in the Inspector.

As well, you may need to modify layer elements above this scenenode in the XML hierarchy, including the timeRange and playRange subelements of the scene element. (See Listing 7-3.)

Add Media Files

Rather than replacing media files in a Motion project, you may wish to add a media file to a project. Here are some relevant points :

• To add a new clip element, you must set the value of its id= attribute to a unique unsigned integer not used by any other scene object, media file, or audio track in the project.

• To add a new audiotrack element, you must set the id= attribute to unique unsigned integer not used by any other scene object, media file, or audio track in the project. Additionally, you must set the Media parameter to the id= of the new clip element, and the value of the linkedObjects element must be an unsigned integer matching the id= of the relevant scenenode element.

• To modify the relevant scenenode element, you must set the Media parameter to equal the id= attribute of the new clip element. As well, you must set the value of the linkedObjects subelement to the id= attribute of the new audioTrack element.