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Inside Macintosh: Text /: Appendix A - Built-in Script Support / The Roman Script System

The Standard Roman Character Set
The Standard Roman character set is an extended version of the Macintosh character set, documented in Volume I of the original Inside Macintosh. The Macintosh character set is itself an extended version of the ASCII character set. The conventional ASCII character set, also called low ASCII, defines control codes, symbols, numbers, and letters, assigning them character codes from $00 through $7F. The Macintosh character set adds codes from $80 through $D8, representing accented characters and additional symbols. Current Macintosh file-system sorting, as well as the sorting order used by several Text Utilities routines such as RelString, is based on the Macintosh character set.
The Standard Roman character set adds more accented forms, symbols, and diacritical marks, assigning them character codes from $D9 through $FF. It thus consists of all the character codes from $00-$FF, and it includes uppercase versions of all of the lowercase accented forms, a number of symbols, and other forms. See Figure A-1.
The Standard Roman character set is the closest to a universal character encoding that exists in the Roman script system. The Standard Roman characters are available in most Roman outline fonts, but not all are available in the Apple bitmapped versions of Chicago, Geneva, New York, and Monaco.
Figure A-1 The Standard Roman character set

Nonprinting Characters
Table A-1 lists the nonprinting characters in the Standard Roman character set. The Unicode 1.0 name and the Macintosh character code (in hexadecimal and decimal) are provided also. (Unicode is an ISO standard for 16-bit universal worldwide
character encoding.)
Table A-1 Nonprinting characters in the Standard Roman character set (Continued)
Unicode name Hexadecimal Decimal
NULL $00 0
START OF HEADING $01 1
START OF TEXT $02 2
END OF TEXT $03 3
END OF TRANSMISSION $04 4
ENQUIRY $05 5
ACKNOWLEDGE $06 6
BELL $07 7
BACKSPACE $08 8
HORIZONTAL TABULATION $09 9
LINE FEED $0A 10
VERTICAL TABULATION $0B 11
FORM FEED $0C 12
CARRIAGE RETURN $0D 13
SHIFT OUT $0E 14
SHIFT IN $0F 15
DATA LINK ESCAPE $10 16
DEVICE CONTROL ONE $11 17
DEVICE CONTROL TWO $12 18
DEVICE CONTROL THREE $13 19
DEVICE CONTROL FOUR $14 20
NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE $15 21
SYNCHRONOUS IDLE $16 22
END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK $17 23
CANCEL $18 24
END OF MEDIUM $19 25
SUBSTITUTE $1A 26
ESCAPE $1B 27
FILE SEPARATOR $1C 28
GROUP SEPARATOR $1D 29
RECORD SEPARATOR $1E 30
UNIT SEPARATOR $1F 31
DELETE $7F 127

Using Roman Character Codes as Delimiters
Your application may need to use a character code or range of codes to represent noncharacter data (such as field delimiters). Character codes below $20 are never affected by the script system. Some of these character codes can be used safely for special purposes. Note, however, that most characters in this range are already assigned special meanings by parts of Macintosh system software, such as TextEdit, or by programming languages like C. Table A-2 lists the low-ASCII characters to avoid in your application.
Table A-2 Low-ASCII characters to avoid as delimiters (Continued)
Character Hexadecimal representation
Null $00
Home $01
Enter $03
End $04
Help $05
Backspace $08
Tab $09

Page up $0B
Page down $0C
Carriage return $0D
F1 through F15 $10
System characters $11, $12, $13, $14[7]
Clear $1B
Arrow keys $1C, $1D, $1E, $1F

For certain writing systems, font layouts (tables that map glyph codes to glyphs) may use some of these character codes internally, for ligatures or other contextual forms. Also, as noted in Table A-2, system fonts use codes $11 through $14 for printing special symbols such as the Apple logo. Thus in unusual situations font changes may have an impact on the glyph representation of stored character codes with values less than $20, even though a user cannot generate those codes directly.

Printing Characters
Table A-3 shows the printing characters that exist in the Standard Roman character set. Macintosh applications can assume that glyphs for these characters exist in every Roman font. (However, see also the discussion of Roman fonts on page A-18.) The Unicode 1.0 and PostScript names and Macintosh character code (in hexadecimal and decimal) are provided along with a glyph example for printable characters. Modified versions of the Standard Roman character set exist for Croatian, Romanian, Turkish, and Icelandic/Faroese, with different character assignments for the same codes. See Table A-4 through Table A-7. &
Table A-3 Printing characters in the Standard Roman character set (Continued)
Glyph Unicode name PostScript name Hexadecimal Decimal
SPACE space $20 32
! EXCLAMATION MARK exclam $21 33
" QUOTATION MARK quotedbl $22 34
# NUMBER SIGN numbersign $23 35
$ DOLLAR SIGN dollar $24 36
% PERCENT SIGN percent $25 37
& AMPERSAND ampersand $26 38
' APOSTROPHE-QUOTE quotesingle $27 39
( OPENING PARENTHESIS parenleft $28 40
) CLOSING PARENTHESIS parenright $29 41
* ASTERISK asterisk $2A 42
+ PLUS SIGN plus $2B 43
, COMMA comma $2C 44
- HYPHEN-MINUS hyphen $2D 45
. PERIOD period $2E 46
/ SLASH slash $2F 47
0 DIGIT ZERO zero $30 48
1 DIGIT ONE one $31 49
2 DIGIT TWO two $32 50
3 DIGIT THREE three $33 51
4 DIGIT FOUR four $34 52
5 DIGIT FIVE five $35 53
6 DIGIT SIX six $36 54
7 DIGIT SEVEN seven $37 55
8 DIGIT EIGHT eight $38 56
9 DIGIT NINE nine $39 57
: COLON colon $3A 58
; SEMICOLON semicolon $3B 59
< LESS-THAN SIGN less $3C 60
= EQUALS SIGN equal $3D 61

> GREATER-THAN SIGN greater $3E 62
? QUESTION MARK question $3F 63
@ COMMERCIAL AT at $40 64
A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A A $41 65
B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B B $42 66
C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C C $43 67
D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D D $44 68
E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E E $45 69
F LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F F $46 70
G LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G G $47 71
H LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H H $48 72
I LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I I $49 73
J LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J J $4A 74
K LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K K $4B 75
L LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L L $4C 76
M LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M M $4D 77
N LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N N $4E 78
O LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O O $4F 79
P LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P P $50 80
Q LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q Q $51 81
R LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R R $52 82
S LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S S $53 83
T LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T T $54 84
U LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U U $55 85
V LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V V $56 86
W LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W W $57 87
X LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X X $58 88
Y LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y Y $59 89
Z LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z Z $5A 90
[ OPENING SQUARE BRACKET bracketleft $5B 91
\ BACK SLASH backslash $5C 92
] CLOSING SQUARE BRACKET bracketright $5D 93
^ SPACING CIRCUMFLEX asciicircum $5E 94
_ SPACING UNDERSCORE underscore $5F 95
` SPACING GRAVE grave $60 96
a LATIN SMALL LETTER A a $61 97
b LATIN SMALL LETTER B b $62 98
c LATIN SMALL LETTER C c $63 99
d LATIN SMALL LETTER D d $64 100
e LATIN SMALL LETTER E e $65 101
f LATIN SMALL LETTER F f $66 102
g LATIN SMALL LETTER G g $67 103
h LATIN SMALL LETTER H h $68 104
i LATIN SMALL LETTER I i $69 105
j LATIN SMALL LETTER J j $6A 106
k LATIN SMALL LETTER K k $6B 107
l LATIN SMALL LETTER L l $6C 108
m LATIN SMALL LETTER M m $6D 109
n LATIN SMALL LETTER N n $6E 110
o LATIN SMALL LETTER O o $6F 111
p LATIN SMALL LETTER P p $70 112
q LATIN SMALL LETTER Q q $71 113
r LATIN SMALL LETTER R r $72 114
s LATIN SMALL LETTER S s $73 115
t LATIN SMALL LETTER T t $74 116
u LATIN SMALL LETTER U u $75 117
v LATIN SMALL LETTER V v $76 118
w LATIN SMALL LETTER W w $77 119
x LATIN SMALL LETTER X x $78 120
y LATIN SMALL LETTER Y y $79 121
z LATIN SMALL LETTER Z z $7A 122

{ OPENING CURLY BRACKET braceleft $7B 123
| VERTICAL BAR bar $7C 124
} CLOSING CURLY BRACKET braceright $7D 125
~ TILDE asciitilde $7E 126
DELETE (nonprinting) $7F 127
Ä LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A DIAERESIS Adieresis $80 128
Å LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A RING Aring $81 129
Ç LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C CEDILLA Ccedilla $82 130
É LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E ACUTE Eacute $83 131
Ñ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N TILDE Ntilde $84 132
Ö LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O DIAERESIS Odieresis $85 133
Ü LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U DIAERESIS Udieresis $86 134
á LATIN SMALL LETTER A ACUTE aacute $87 135
à LATIN SMALL LETTER A GRAVE agrave $88 136
â LATIN SMALL LETTER A CIRCUMFLEX acircumflex $89 137
ä LATIN SMALL LETTER A DIAERESIS adieresis $8A 138
ã LATIN SMALL LETTER A TILDE atilde $8B 139
å LATIN SMALL LETTER A RING aring $8C 140
ç LATIN SMALL LETTER C CEDILLA ccedilla $8D 141
é LATIN SMALL LETTER E ACUTE eacute $8E 142
è LATIN SMALL LETTER E GRAVE egrave $8F 143
ê LATIN SMALL LETTER E CIRCUMFLEX ecircumflex $90 144
ë LATIN SMALL LETTER E DIAERESIS edieresis $91 145
í LATIN SMALL LETTER I ACUTE iacute $92 146
ì LATIN SMALL LETTER I GRAVE igrave $93 147
î LATIN SMALL LETTER I CIRCUMFLEX icircumflex $94 148
ï LATIN SMALL LETTER I DIAERESIS idiaresis $95 149
ñ LATIN SMALL LETTER N TILDE ntilde $96 150
ó LATIN SMALL LETTER O ACUTE oacute $97 151
ò LATIN SMALL LETTER O GRAVE ograve $98 152
ô LATIN SMALL LETTER O CIRCUMFLEX ocircumflex $99 153
ö LATIN SMALL LETTER O DIAERESIS odieresis $9A 154
õ LATIN SMALL LETTER O TILDE otilde $9B 155
ú LATIN SMALL LETTER U ACUTE uacute $9C 156
ù LATIN SMALL LETTER U GRAVE ugrave $9D 157
û LATIN SMALL LETTER U CIRCUMFLEX ucircumflex $9E 158
ü LATIN SMALL LETTER U DIAERESIS udieresis $9F 159
† DAGGER dagger $A0 160
š DEGREE SIGN degree $A1 161
¢ CENT SIGN cent $A2 162
£ POUND SIGN sterling $A3 163
§ SECTION SIGN section $A4 164
• BULLET bullet $A5 165
¶ PARAGRAPH SIGN paragraph $A6 166
ß LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S germandbls $A7 167
® REGISTERED TRADEMARK SIGN registered $A8 168
© COPYRIGHT SIGN copyright $A9 169
™ TRADEMARK trademark $AA 170
’ SPACING ACUTE acute $AB 171
¨ SPACING DIAERESIS dieresis $AC 172
NOT EQUAL TO notequal $AD 173
Æ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE AE $AE 174
Ø LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O SLASH Oslash $AF 175
INFINITY infinity $B0 176
± PLUS-OR-MINUS SIGN plusminus $B1 177
¾ LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO lessequal $B2 178
GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO greaterequal $B3 179
¥ YEN SIGN yen $B4 180
µ MICRO SIGN mu $B5 181
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL partialdiff $B6 182

N-ARY SUMMATION summation $B7 183
½ N-ARY PRODUCT product $B8 184
¼ GREEK SMALL LETTER PI pi $B9 185
INTEGRAL integral $BA 186
ª FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR ordfeminine $BB 187
MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR ordmasculine $BC 188
OHM Omega $BD 189
æ LATIN SMALL LETTER AE ae $BE 190
ø LATIN SMALL LETTER O SLASH oslash $BF 191
¿ INVERTED QUESTION MARK questiondown $C0 192
INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK exclamdown $C1 193
¬ NOT SIGN logicalnot $C2 194
SQUARE ROOT radical $C3 195
LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT F florin $C4 196
ALMOST EQUAL TO approxequal $C5 197
INCREMENT Delta $C6 198
« LEFT POINTING GUILLEMET guillemotleft $C7 199
» RIGHT POINTING GUILLEMET guillemotright $C8 200
É HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS ellipsis $C9 201
NON-BREAKING SPACE $CA 202
À LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A GRAVE Agrave $CB 203
Ã LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A TILDE Atilde $CC 204
Õ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O TILDE Otilde $CD 205
Œ LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O E OE $CE 206
» LATIN SMALL LETTER O E oe $CF 207
– EN DASH endash $D0 208
— EM DASH emdash $D1 209
“ DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK quotedblleft $D2 210
” DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK quotedblright $D3 211
‘ SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK quoteleft $D4 212
Õ SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK quoteright $D5 213
÷ DIVISION SIGN divide $D6 214
LOZENGE lozenge $D7 215
LATIN SMALL LETTER Y DIAERESIS ydieresis $D8 216
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y DIAERESIS Ydieresis $D9 217
/ FRACTION SLASH fraction $DA 218
¤ CURRENCY SIGN currency $DB 219
< LEFT POINTING SINGLE GUILLEMET guilsingleleft $DC 220
> RIGHT POINTING SINGLE GUILLEMET guilsingleright $DD 221
fi (no Unicode designation) fi $DE 222
fl (no Unicode designation) fl $DF 223
‡ DOUBLE DAGGER daggerdbl $E0 224
. MIDDLE DOT periodcentered $E1 225
, LOW SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK quotesinglbase $E2 226
,, LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK quotedblbase $E3 227
‰ PER MILLE SIGN perthousand $E4 228
Â LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A CIRCUMFLEX Acircumflex $E5 229
Ê LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E CIRCUMFLEX Ecircumflex $E6 230
Á LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A ACUTE Aacute $E7 231
Ë LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E DIAERESIS Edieresis $E8 232
È LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E GRAVE Egrave $E9 233
Í LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I ACUTE Iacute $EA 234
Î LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I CIRCUMFLEX Icircumflex $EB 235
Ï LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I DIAERESIS Idieresis $EC 236
Ì LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I GRAVE Igrave $ED 237
Ó LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O ACUTE Oacute $EE 238
Ô LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O CIRCUMFLEX Ocircumflex $EF 239
APPLE LOGO Apple $F0 240
Ò LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O GRAVE Ograve $F1 241
Ú LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U ACUTE Uacute $F2 242
Û LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U CIRCUMFLEX Ucircumflex $F3 243

Ù LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U GRAVE Ugrave $F4 244
ž LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I dotlessi $F5 245
^ MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX circumflex $F6 246
~ SPACING TILDE tilde $F7 247
- SPACING MACRON macron $F8 248
SPACING BREVE breve $F9 249
· SPACING DOT ABOVE dotaccent $FA 250
° SPACING RING ABOVE ring $FB 251
¸ SPACING CEDILLA cedilla $FC 252
" SPACING DOUBLE ACUTE hungarumlaut $FD 253
SPACING OGONEK ogonek $FE 254
MODIFIER LETTER HACEK caron $FF 255

Variations in the Character Set
Two types of variations from the Standard Roman character set can occur. First, several languages and regional variations of Roman reassign parts of the character set; second, many specialized Roman fonts completely override the character set to provide other types of symbols.
Table A-4 shows the glyph assignments in the Croatian version of the Roman character set that diverge from the Standard Roman character set, their Unicode and PostScript names, and their Macintosh character codes in hexadecimal and decimal. For example, the code (hexadecimal $A9) that is assigned to the copyright sign in the Standard Roman character set is replaced by the Scaron (that is, the Roman capital letter "S" with a hacek). The copyright sign appears later at position $D9, which is assigned to the Latin capital letter "Y" diaeresis in the Standard Roman character set.
Table A-4 Croatian variations from the Standard Roman character set (Continued)
Glyph Unicode name PostScript name Hexadecimal Decimal
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S HACEK Scaron $A9 169
Z LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z HACEK Zcaron $AE 174
INCREMENT Delta $B4 180
LATIN SMALL LETTER S HACEK scaron $B9 185
z LATIN SMALL LETTER Z HACEK zcaron $BE 190
B LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C ACUTE Cacute $C6 198
C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C HACEK Ccaron $C8 200
D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D BAR Dmacron $D0 208
APPLE LOGO apple $D8 216
© COPYRIGHT SIGN copyright $D9 217
® LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A E AE $DE 222
RIGHT POINTING GUILLEMET guillemotright $DF 223
- EN DASH endash $E0 224
c LATIN SMALL LETTER C ACUTE cacute $E6 230
c LATIN SMALL LETTER C HACEK ccaron $E8 232
d LATIN SMALL LETTER D BAR dmacron $F0 240
GREEK SMALL LETTER PI pi $F9 249
Ë LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E DIAERESIS Edieresis $FA 250
Ê LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E CIRCUMFLEX Ecircumflex $FD 253
æ LATIN SMALL LETTER A E ae $FE 254

Table A-5 shows the glyph assignments in the Romanian version of the Roman character set that diverge from the Standard Roman character set, their Unicode and PostScript names, and their Macintosh character codes in hexadecimal and decimal.
Table A-5 Romanian variations from the Standard Roman character set
Glyph Unicode name PostScript name Hexadecimal Decimal
A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A BREVE Abreve $AE 174
S LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S CEDILLA
(COMMA VARIANT) Scedilla $AF 175
a LATIN SMALL LETTER A BREVE abreve $BE 190
s LATIN SMALL LETTER S CEDILLA
(COMMA VARIANT) scedilla $BF 191
T LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T CEDILLA
(COMMA VARIANT) Tcedilla $DE 222
t LATIN SMALL LETTER T CEDILLA
(COMMA VARIANT) tcedilla $DF 223

Table A-6 shows the glyph assignments in the Turkish version of the Roman character set that diverge from the Standard Roman character set, their Unicode and PostScript names, and their Macintosh character codes in hexadecimal and decimal.
Table A-6 Turkish variations from the Standard Roman character set
Glyph Unicode name PostScript name Hexadecimal Decimal
G LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G BREVE Gbreve $DA 218
g LATIN SMALL LETTER G BREVE gbreve $DB 219
I LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I DOT Idot $DC 220
i LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I dotlessi $DD 221
S LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S CEDILLA Scedilla $DE 222
s LATIN SMALL LETTER S CEDILLA scedilla $DF 223

Table A-7 shows the glyph assignments in the Icelandic and Faroese versions of the Roman character set that diverge from the Standard Roman character set, their Unicode and PostScript names, and their Macintosh character codes in hexadecimal and decimal.
Table A-7 Icelandic and Faroese variations from the Standard Roman character set
Glyph Unicode name PostScript name Hexadecimal Decimal
Y LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y ACUTE Yacute $A0 160
D LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH Eth $DC 220
d LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH eth $DD 221
P LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN Thorn $DE 222
p LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN thorn $DF 223
y LATIN SMALL LETTER Y ACUTE yacute $E0 224

In addition to regional variations in the character set, the Roman script system in particular contains many fonts with unique glyphs. Since the character encoding is limited to 256 values, specialized fonts such as Symbol and ITC Zapf Dingbats override the Standard Roman character encoding. For example, in the Standard Roman character set $70 corresponds to lowercase "p", but it is the numeric symbol for pi (¼) in the Symbol font, an outlined square () in Zapf Dingbats, and the musical symbol pianissimo for play quietly in the Sonata font. Hence, there is no guarantee that a Roman character code will always represent the same character in every font.

[7] System fonts use these codes for the printing characters PROPELLER, LOZENGE , RADICAL, and APPLE LOGO, respectively.

**Table A-1 Nonprinting characters in the Standard Roman character set** (Continued)
Unicode name	Hexadecimal	Decimal
NULL	$00	0
START OF HEADING	$01	1
START OF TEXT	$02	2
END OF TEXT	$03	3
END OF TRANSMISSION	$04	4
ENQUIRY	$05	5
ACKNOWLEDGE	$06	6
BELL	$07	7
BACKSPACE	$08	8
HORIZONTAL TABULATION	$09	9
LINE FEED	$0A	10
VERTICAL TABULATION	$0B	11
FORM FEED	$0C	12
CARRIAGE RETURN	$0D	13
SHIFT OUT	$0E	14
SHIFT IN	$0F	15
DATA LINK ESCAPE	$10	16
DEVICE CONTROL ONE	$11	17
DEVICE CONTROL TWO	$12	18
DEVICE CONTROL THREE	$13	19
DEVICE CONTROL FOUR	$14	20
NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE	$15	21
SYNCHRONOUS IDLE	$16	22
END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK	$17	23
CANCEL	$18	24
END OF MEDIUM	$19	25
SUBSTITUTE	$1A	26
ESCAPE	$1B	27
FILE SEPARATOR	$1C	28
GROUP SEPARATOR	$1D	29
RECORD SEPARATOR	$1E	30
UNIT SEPARATOR	$1F	31
DELETE	$7F	127

**Table A-2 Low-ASCII characters to avoid as delimiters** (Continued)
Character	Hexadecimal representation
Null	$00
Home	$01
Enter	$03
End	$04
Help	$05
Backspace	$08
Tab	$09

Page up	$0B
Page down	$0C
Carriage return	$0D
F1 through F15	$10
System characters	$11, $12, $13, $14[7]
Clear	$1B
Arrow keys	$1C, $1D, $1E, $1F

**Table A-3 Printing characters in the Standard Roman character set** (Continued)
Glyph	Unicode name	PostScript name	Hexadecimal	Decimal
	SPACE	space	$20	32
!	EXCLAMATION MARK	exclam	$21	33
"	QUOTATION MARK	quotedbl	$22	34
#	NUMBER SIGN	numbersign	$23	35
$	DOLLAR SIGN	dollar	$24	36
%	PERCENT SIGN	percent	$25	37
&	AMPERSAND	ampersand	$26	38
'	APOSTROPHE-QUOTE	quotesingle	$27	39
(	OPENING PARENTHESIS	parenleft	$28	40
)	CLOSING PARENTHESIS	parenright	$29	41
*	ASTERISK	asterisk	$2A	42
+	PLUS SIGN	plus	$2B	43
,	COMMA	comma	$2C	44
-	HYPHEN-MINUS	hyphen	$2D	45
.	PERIOD	period	$2E	46
/	SLASH	slash	$2F	47
0	DIGIT ZERO	zero	$30	48
1	DIGIT ONE	one	$31	49
2	DIGIT TWO	two	$32	50
3	DIGIT THREE	three	$33	51
4	DIGIT FOUR	four	$34	52
5	DIGIT FIVE	five	$35	53
6	DIGIT SIX	six	$36	54
7	DIGIT SEVEN	seven	$37	55
8	DIGIT EIGHT	eight	$38	56
9	DIGIT NINE	nine	$39	57
:	COLON	colon	$3A	58
;	SEMICOLON	semicolon	$3B	59
<	LESS-THAN SIGN	less	$3C	60
=	EQUALS SIGN	equal	$3D	61

>	GREATER-THAN SIGN	greater	$3E	62
?	QUESTION MARK	question	$3F	63
@	COMMERCIAL AT	at	$40	64
A	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A	A	$41	65
B	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B	B	$42	66
C	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C	C	$43	67
D	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D	D	$44	68
E	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E	E	$45	69
F	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F	F	$46	70
G	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G	G	$47	71
H	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H	H	$48	72
I	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I	I	$49	73
J	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J	J	$4A	74
K	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K	K	$4B	75
L	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L	L	$4C	76
M	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M	M	$4D	77
N	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N	N	$4E	78
O	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O	O	$4F	79
P	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P	P	$50	80
Q	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q	Q	$51	81
R	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R	R	$52	82
S	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S	S	$53	83
T	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T	T	$54	84
U	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U	U	$55	85
V	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V	V	$56	86
W	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W	W	$57	87
X	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X	X	$58	88
Y	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y	Y	$59	89
Z	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z	Z	$5A	90
[	OPENING SQUARE BRACKET	bracketleft	$5B	91
\	BACK SLASH	backslash	$5C	92
]	CLOSING SQUARE BRACKET	bracketright	$5D	93
^	SPACING CIRCUMFLEX	asciicircum	$5E	94
_	SPACING UNDERSCORE	underscore	$5F	95
`	SPACING GRAVE	grave	$60	96
a	LATIN SMALL LETTER A	a	$61	97
b	LATIN SMALL LETTER B	b	$62	98
c	LATIN SMALL LETTER C	c	$63	99
d	LATIN SMALL LETTER D	d	$64	100
e	LATIN SMALL LETTER E	e	$65	101
f	LATIN SMALL LETTER F	f	$66	102
g	LATIN SMALL LETTER G	g	$67	103
h	LATIN SMALL LETTER H	h	$68	104
i	LATIN SMALL LETTER I	i	$69	105
j	LATIN SMALL LETTER J	j	$6A	106
k	LATIN SMALL LETTER K	k	$6B	107
l	LATIN SMALL LETTER L	l	$6C	108
m	LATIN SMALL LETTER M	m	$6D	109
n	LATIN SMALL LETTER N	n	$6E	110
o	LATIN SMALL LETTER O	o	$6F	111
p	LATIN SMALL LETTER P	p	$70	112
q	LATIN SMALL LETTER Q	q	$71	113
r	LATIN SMALL LETTER R	r	$72	114
s	LATIN SMALL LETTER S	s	$73	115
t	LATIN SMALL LETTER T	t	$74	116
u	LATIN SMALL LETTER U	u	$75	117
v	LATIN SMALL LETTER V	v	$76	118
w	LATIN SMALL LETTER W	w	$77	119
x	LATIN SMALL LETTER X	x	$78	120
y	LATIN SMALL LETTER Y	y	$79	121
z	LATIN SMALL LETTER Z	z	$7A	122

{	OPENING CURLY BRACKET	braceleft	$7B	123
\|	VERTICAL BAR	bar	$7C	124
}	CLOSING CURLY BRACKET	braceright	$7D	125
~	TILDE	asciitilde	$7E	126
	DELETE (nonprinting)		$7F	127
Ä	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A DIAERESIS	Adieresis	$80	128
Å	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A RING	Aring	$81	129
Ç	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C CEDILLA	Ccedilla	$82	130
É	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E ACUTE	Eacute	$83	131
Ñ	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N TILDE	Ntilde	$84	132
Ö	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O DIAERESIS	Odieresis	$85	133
Ü	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U DIAERESIS	Udieresis	$86	134
á	LATIN SMALL LETTER A ACUTE	aacute	$87	135
à	LATIN SMALL LETTER A GRAVE	agrave	$88	136
â	LATIN SMALL LETTER A CIRCUMFLEX	acircumflex	$89	137
ä	LATIN SMALL LETTER A DIAERESIS	adieresis	$8A	138
ã	LATIN SMALL LETTER A TILDE	atilde	$8B	139
å	LATIN SMALL LETTER A RING	aring	$8C	140
ç	LATIN SMALL LETTER C CEDILLA	ccedilla	$8D	141
é	LATIN SMALL LETTER E ACUTE	eacute	$8E	142
è	LATIN SMALL LETTER E GRAVE	egrave	$8F	143
ê	LATIN SMALL LETTER E CIRCUMFLEX	ecircumflex	$90	144
ë	LATIN SMALL LETTER E DIAERESIS	edieresis	$91	145
í	LATIN SMALL LETTER I ACUTE	iacute	$92	146
ì	LATIN SMALL LETTER I GRAVE	igrave	$93	147
î	LATIN SMALL LETTER I CIRCUMFLEX	icircumflex	$94	148
ï	LATIN SMALL LETTER I DIAERESIS	idiaresis	$95	149
ñ	LATIN SMALL LETTER N TILDE	ntilde	$96	150
ó	LATIN SMALL LETTER O ACUTE	oacute	$97	151
ò	LATIN SMALL LETTER O GRAVE	ograve	$98	152
ô	LATIN SMALL LETTER O CIRCUMFLEX	ocircumflex	$99	153
ö	LATIN SMALL LETTER O DIAERESIS	odieresis	$9A	154
õ	LATIN SMALL LETTER O TILDE	otilde	$9B	155
ú	LATIN SMALL LETTER U ACUTE	uacute	$9C	156
ù	LATIN SMALL LETTER U GRAVE	ugrave	$9D	157
û	LATIN SMALL LETTER U CIRCUMFLEX	ucircumflex	$9E	158
ü	LATIN SMALL LETTER U DIAERESIS	udieresis	$9F	159
†	DAGGER	dagger	$A0	160
š	DEGREE SIGN	degree	$A1	161
¢	CENT SIGN	cent	$A2	162
£	POUND SIGN	sterling	$A3	163
§	SECTION SIGN	section	$A4	164
•	BULLET	bullet	$A5	165
¶	PARAGRAPH SIGN	paragraph	$A6	166
ß	LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S	germandbls	$A7	167
®	REGISTERED TRADEMARK SIGN	registered	$A8	168
©	COPYRIGHT SIGN	copyright	$A9	169
™	TRADEMARK	trademark	$AA	170
’	SPACING ACUTE	acute	$AB	171
¨	SPACING DIAERESIS	dieresis	$AC	172
	NOT EQUAL TO	notequal	$AD	173
Æ	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE	AE	$AE	174
Ø	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O SLASH	Oslash	$AF	175
	INFINITY	infinity	$B0	176
±	PLUS-OR-MINUS SIGN	plusminus	$B1	177
¾	LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO	lessequal	$B2	178
	GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO	greaterequal	$B3	179
¥	YEN SIGN	yen	$B4	180
µ	MICRO SIGN	mu	$B5	181
	PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL	partialdiff	$B6	182

	N-ARY SUMMATION	summation	$B7	183
½	N-ARY PRODUCT	product	$B8	184
¼	GREEK SMALL LETTER PI	pi	$B9	185
	INTEGRAL	integral	$BA	186
ª	FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR	ordfeminine	$BB	187
	MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR	ordmasculine	$BC	188
	OHM	Omega	$BD	189
æ	LATIN SMALL LETTER AE	ae	$BE	190
ø	LATIN SMALL LETTER O SLASH	oslash	$BF	191
¿	INVERTED QUESTION MARK	questiondown	$C0	192
	INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK	exclamdown	$C1	193
¬	NOT SIGN	logicalnot	$C2	194
	SQUARE ROOT	radical	$C3	195
	LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT F	florin	$C4	196
	ALMOST EQUAL TO	approxequal	$C5	197
	INCREMENT	Delta	$C6	198
«	LEFT POINTING GUILLEMET	guillemotleft	$C7	199
»	RIGHT POINTING GUILLEMET	guillemotright	$C8	200
É	HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS	ellipsis	$C9	201
	NON-BREAKING SPACE		$CA	202
À	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A GRAVE	Agrave	$CB	203
Ã	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A TILDE	Atilde	$CC	204
Õ	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O TILDE	Otilde	$CD	205
Œ	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O E	OE	$CE	206
»	LATIN SMALL LETTER O E	oe	$CF	207
–	EN DASH	endash	$D0	208
—	EM DASH	emdash	$D1	209
“	DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK	quotedblleft	$D2	210
”	DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK	quotedblright	$D3	211
‘	SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK	quoteleft	$D4	212
Õ	SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK	quoteright	$D5	213
÷	DIVISION SIGN	divide	$D6	214
	LOZENGE	lozenge	$D7	215
	LATIN SMALL LETTER Y DIAERESIS	ydieresis	$D8	216
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y DIAERESIS	Ydieresis	$D9	217
/	FRACTION SLASH	fraction	$DA	218
¤	CURRENCY SIGN	currency	$DB	219
<	LEFT POINTING SINGLE GUILLEMET	guilsingleleft	$DC	220
>	RIGHT POINTING SINGLE GUILLEMET	guilsingleright	$DD	221
fi	(no Unicode designation)	fi	$DE	222
fl	(no Unicode designation)	fl	$DF	223
‡	DOUBLE DAGGER	daggerdbl	$E0	224
.	MIDDLE DOT	periodcentered	$E1	225
,	LOW SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK	quotesinglbase	$E2	226
,,	LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK	quotedblbase	$E3	227
‰	PER MILLE SIGN	perthousand	$E4	228
Â	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A CIRCUMFLEX	Acircumflex	$E5	229
Ê	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E CIRCUMFLEX	Ecircumflex	$E6	230
Á	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A ACUTE	Aacute	$E7	231
Ë	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E DIAERESIS	Edieresis	$E8	232
È	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E GRAVE	Egrave	$E9	233
Í	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I ACUTE	Iacute	$EA	234
Î	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I CIRCUMFLEX	Icircumflex	$EB	235
Ï	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I DIAERESIS	Idieresis	$EC	236
Ì	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I GRAVE	Igrave	$ED	237
Ó	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O ACUTE	Oacute	$EE	238
Ô	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O CIRCUMFLEX	Ocircumflex	$EF	239
	APPLE LOGO	Apple	$F0	240
Ò	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O GRAVE	Ograve	$F1	241
Ú	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U ACUTE	Uacute	$F2	242
Û	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U CIRCUMFLEX	Ucircumflex	$F3	243

Ù	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U GRAVE	Ugrave	$F4	244
ž	LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I	dotlessi	$F5	245
^	MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX	circumflex	$F6	246
~	SPACING TILDE	tilde	$F7	247
-	SPACING MACRON	macron	$F8	248
	SPACING BREVE	breve	$F9	249
·	SPACING DOT ABOVE	dotaccent	$FA	250
°	SPACING RING ABOVE	ring	$FB	251
¸	SPACING CEDILLA	cedilla	$FC	252
"	SPACING DOUBLE ACUTE	hungarumlaut	$FD	253
	SPACING OGONEK	ogonek	$FE	254
	MODIFIER LETTER HACEK	caron	$FF	255

**Table A-4 Croatian variations from the Standard Roman character set** (Continued)
Glyph	Unicode name	PostScript name	Hexadecimal	Decimal
	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S HACEK	Scaron	$A9	169
Z	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z HACEK	Zcaron	$AE	174
	INCREMENT	Delta	$B4	180
	LATIN SMALL LETTER S HACEK	scaron	$B9	185
z	LATIN SMALL LETTER Z HACEK	zcaron	$BE	190
B	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C ACUTE	Cacute	$C6	198
C	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C HACEK	Ccaron	$C8	200
D	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D BAR	Dmacron	$D0	208
	APPLE LOGO	apple	$D8	216
©	COPYRIGHT SIGN	copyright	$D9	217
®	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A E	AE	$DE	222
	RIGHT POINTING GUILLEMET	guillemotright	$DF	223
-	EN DASH	endash	$E0	224
c	LATIN SMALL LETTER C ACUTE	cacute	$E6	230
c	LATIN SMALL LETTER C HACEK	ccaron	$E8	232
d	LATIN SMALL LETTER D BAR	dmacron	$F0	240
	GREEK SMALL LETTER PI	pi	$F9	249
Ë	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E DIAERESIS	Edieresis	$FA	250
Ê	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E CIRCUMFLEX	Ecircumflex	$FD	253
æ	LATIN SMALL LETTER A E	ae	$FE	254

**Table A-5 Romanian variations from the Standard Roman character set**
Glyph	Unicode name	PostScript name	Hexadecimal	Decimal
A	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A BREVE	Abreve	$AE	174
S	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S CEDILLA (COMMA VARIANT)	Scedilla	$AF	175
a	LATIN SMALL LETTER A BREVE	abreve	$BE	190
s	LATIN SMALL LETTER S CEDILLA (COMMA VARIANT)	scedilla	$BF	191
T	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T CEDILLA (COMMA VARIANT)	Tcedilla	$DE	222
t	LATIN SMALL LETTER T CEDILLA (COMMA VARIANT)	tcedilla	$DF	223

**Table A-6 Turkish variations from the Standard Roman character set**
Glyph	Unicode name	PostScript name	Hexadecimal	Decimal
G	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G BREVE	Gbreve	$DA	218
g	LATIN SMALL LETTER G BREVE	gbreve	$DB	219
I	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I DOT	Idot	$DC	220
i	LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I	dotlessi	$DD	221
S	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S CEDILLA	Scedilla	$DE	222
s	LATIN SMALL LETTER S CEDILLA	scedilla	$DF	223

**Table A-7 Icelandic and Faroese variations from the Standard Roman character set**
Glyph	Unicode name	PostScript name	Hexadecimal	Decimal
Y	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y ACUTE	Yacute	$A0	160
D	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH	Eth	$DC	220
d	LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH	eth	$DD	221
P	LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN	Thorn	$DE	222
p	LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN	thorn	$DF	223
y	LATIN SMALL LETTER Y ACUTE	yacute	$E0	224

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