Older Release Notes
Cocoa Foundation Framework

• Notes specific to macOS 10.12 Sierra and iOS 10
  
• Notes specific to OS X 10.11 El Capitan and iOS 9
  
• Notes specific to OS X 10.10 Yosemite and iOS 8
  
• Notes specific to OS X 10.9 Mavericks and iOS 7
  
• Notes specific to OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion and iOS 6
  
• Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.7 Lion
  
• Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard
  
• Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard
  
• Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger
  
• Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.3 Panther
  
• Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.2 Jaguar
  
• Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.1 Puma
  

Notes specific to macOS 10.12 and iOS 10

Overall API Updates

API Availability Macros

FOUNDATION_EXPORT NSURLResourceKey const NSURLCanonicalPathKey API_AVAILABLE(macosx(10.12), ios(10.0), watchos(3.0), tvos(10.0));

@property BOOL usesStrongWriteBarrier API_DEPRECATED("Garbage collection no longer supported",
                                                          macosx(10.5, 10.12), ios(2.0, 10.0), watchos(2.0, 3.0), tvos(9.0, 10.0));

static const NSWindowStyleMask NSResizableWindowMask API_DEPRECATED_WITH_REPLACEMENT("NSWindowStyleMaskResizable",
                                                          macosx(10.0, 10.12)) = NSWindowStyleMaskResizable;

Measurements and Units

NSISO8601DateFormatter

NSDateInterval

NSPersonNameComponentsFormatter

NSKeyedArchiver

NSKeyedUnarchiver

NSKeyedUnarchiverDelegate

Use of strong, copy, weak, or assign on readonly object properties

NSURL

NSURLComponents

NSURLSessionTaskMetrics

NSPathUtilities

Property List Serialization

Deprecate GC NSPointerFunctions

NSLog / CFLog

Array / Dictionary / OrderedSet / Set

NSMutableArray

NSDictionary

NSMutableDictionary

NSFastEnumeration

NSCache

NSRunLoop / CFRunLoop

CFSocket

CFPasteboard

Localized String Formatting

NSCharacterSet / NSMutableCharacterSet

NSDateInterval

NSDateIntervalFormatter

NSDateComponentsFormatter

CoreFoundation <-> Foundation Bridging Performance

NSUserDefaults detects folder deletion

NSXMLParser fix with compatibility implications

Key-Value Observing is less sensitive to certain combinations of arguments

Key-Value Observing and NSUserDefaults

Key-Value Coding and weak properties

-[NSUserDefaults registerDefaults:] and NSURLs

-[NSLocale calendar] bug fix

Notes specific to OS X 10.11 and iOS 9

Swiftification

- (NSRect)convertRect:(NSRect)rect toView:(nullable NSView *)view;

- (NSArray<NSString *> *)componentsSeparatedByString:(NSString *)separator;

Variable Width Presentation Strings

- (NSString *)variantFittingPresentationWidth:(NSInteger)width;

<key>Welcome</key>
<dict>
    <key>NSStringVariableWidthRuleType</key>
    <dict>
        <key>100</key>
        <string>Hi</string>
        <key>200</key>
        <string>Welcome</string>
        <key>300</key>
        <string>Welcome to the store!</string>
    </dict>
</dict>

NSNotificationCenter

NSNumber

NSNumber *tagged = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:5.0];
NSNumber *notTagged = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:4.2];

Low Power Mode

- (void)setup {
     [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self
                                              selector:@selector(lowPowerModeChanged:)
                                                  name:NSProcessInfoPowerStateDidChangeNotification object:nil];
}

- (void)lowPowerModeChanged:(NSNotification *)notification {
     if ([[NSProcessInfo processInfo] isLowPowerModeEnabled]) {
         // change behavior to consume less power
     } else {
         // restore behavior to normal
     }
}

NSProgress

/* Directly add a child progress to the receiver, assigning it a portion of the receiver's total unit count.
 */
- (void)addChild:(NSProgress *)child withPendingUnitCount:(int64_t)inUnitCount;

/* Return an instance of NSProgress that has been attached to a parent progress with the given pending unit count.
 */
+ (NSProgress *)progressWithTotalUnitCount:(int64_t)unitCount parent:(NSProgress *)parent
                          pendingUnitCount:(int64_t)portionOfParentTotalUnitCount;

/* Return an instance of NSProgress that has been initialized with -initWithParent:userInfo:. The initializer is passed nil for the parent,
   resulting in a progress object that is not part of an existing progress tree. The value of the totalUnitCount property is also set.
*/
+ (NSProgress *)discreteProgressWithTotalUnitCount:(int64_t)unitCount;

/* This method supports implicitly-created progress, and -becomeCurrentWithPendingUnitCount: was called right before this method. */
- (void)myMethod {
    [object doSomething];
    [object doSomethingElse];
    NSProgress *p = [NSProgress progressWithTotalUnitCount:10]; // WRONG - doSomething or doSomethingElse may have already created a progress object
                                                                //   and attached it to the currentProgress. This progress object will now have no effect.
    // work, where p.completedUnitCount is updated
}

- (void)myMethod {
    NSProgress *p = [NSProgress progressWithTotalUnitCount:10]; // RIGHT - by creating this first, we ensure that ‘p’ is attached to the currentProgress,
                                                                //    regardless of what the following two methods do.
    [object doSomething];
    [object doSomethingElse];
    // work, where p.completedUnitCount is updated
}

NSUserActivity

NSInteger roughGuessAtDataSize = [NSKeyedArchiver archiveDataWithRootObject:userActivity.userInfo];
NSLog(@"The user info dictionary is roughly %lu bytes in size", (unsigned long)roughGuessAtDataSize.length);

NSURL New API

    -initFileURLWithPath:isDirectory:relativeToURL:
    -initFileURLWithPath:relativeToURL:
    +fileURLWithPath:isDirectory:relativeToURL:
    +fileURLWithPath:relativeToURL:
    -initWithDataRepresentation:relativeToURL:
    +URLWithDataRepresentation:relativeToURL:
    -initAbsoluteURLWithDataRepresentation:relativeToURL:
    +absoluteURLWithDataRepresentation:relativeToURL:
    -dataRepresentation
    -hasDirectoryPath

NSURL Deprecations

    -stringByAddingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:
    -stringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding:
    CFURLCreateStringByAddingPercentEscapes();
    CFURLCreateStringByReplacingPercentEscapesUsingEncoding();

    !$&'()*+,-./0123456789:;=?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ_abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz~

    -stringByAddingPercentEncodingWithAllowedCharacters:
    -stringByRemovingPercentEncoding

    +URLUserAllowedCharacterSet
    +URLPasswordAllowedCharacterSet
    +URLHostAllowedCharacterSet
    +URLPathAllowedCharacterSet
    +URLQueryAllowedCharacterSet
    +URLFragmentAllowedCharacterSet

        NSString *percentEncodedURLString =
           [[NSURL URLWithDataRepresentation:[urlStringToEncode dataUsingEncoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding] relativeToURL:nil] relativeString];

    #pragma GCC diagnostic push
    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
        // use deprecated functions
    #pragma GCC diagnostic pop

NSURLComponents New API

    rangeOfScheme
    rangeOfUser
    rangeOfPassword
    rangeOfHost
    rangeOfPort
    rangeOfPath
    rangeOfQuery
    rangeOfFragment

NSFileManager New API

    -unmountVolumeAtURL:options:completionHandler:

    NSFileManagerUnmountAllPartitionsAndEjectDisk
    NSFileManagerUnmountWithoutUI

NSAffineTransform now conforms to NSSecureCoding

Dictionaries created with dictionaryWithSharedKeySet now fully supports NSSecureCoding

NSCache deadlock

NSPropertyListSerialization now populates error on validation failures

NSCoder gains support for expressing decode failures via NSError

- (nullable id)decodeTopLevelObjectAndReturnError:(NSError **)error;
- (nullable id)decodeTopLevelObjectForKey:(NSString *)key error:(NSError **)error;
- (id)decodeTopLevelObjectOfClass:(Class)aClass forKey:(NSString *)key error:(NSError **)error;
- (nullable id)decodeTopLevelObjectOfClasses:(nullable NSSet<Class> *)classes forKey:(NSString *)key error:(NSError **)error;

+ (id)unarchiveTopLevelObjectWithData:(NSData *)data error:(NSError **)error API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.11), ios(9.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0));

 - (void)failWithError:(NSError *)error API_AVAILABLE(macos(10.11), ios(9.0), watchos(2.0), tvos(9.0));

 A    -decodeTopLevelObjectForKey:error:
 B        -initWithCoder:
 C            -decodeObjectForKey:
 D                -initWithCoder:
 E                    -decodeObjectForKey:
 F                        -failWithError:

NSUndoManager Block-based Undo

/*! @abstract records single undo operation for the specified target
    @param target non-nil target of the undo operation
    @param undoHandler non-nil block to be executed for the undo operation
    @discussion
      As with other undo operations, this does not strongly retain target. Care should be taken to avoid introducing
      retain cycles by other references captured by the block.
 */
- (void)registerUndoWithTarget:(id)target handler:(void (^)(id target))undoHandler;

Single Object NSSet Performance Improvements

Various Performance Improvements in our collections

Safer Buffer API for NSDictionary

- (void)getObjects:(ObjectType __unsafe_unretained [])objects andKeys:(KeyType __unsafe_unretained [])keys count:(NSUInteger)count;

- (void)getObjects:(ObjectType __unsafe_unretained [])objects andKeys:(KeyType __unsafe_unretained [])keys;

Safer Buffer API for NSIndexPath

- (void)getIndexes:(NSUInteger *)indexes range:(NSRange)positionRange;

- (void)getIndexes:(NSUInteger *)indexes;

NSFileVersion hasLocalContents Bug Fix

NSMutableDictionary subscript syntax change

[dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"Key"];

dictionary[@"Key"] = nil;

NSFileCoordinator and NSFilePresenter usage on iOS (New since WWDC Seed)

NSURLConnection

Application Transport Security

WatchOS

NSLocaleMeasurementSystem Support for UK

NSString

- (nullable NSString *)stringByApplyingTransform:(NSString *)transform
                                         reverse:(BOOL)reverse;

- (BOOL)applyTransform:(NSString *)transform
               reverse:(BOOL)reverse
                 range:(NSRange)range
          updatedRange:(nullable NSRangePointer)resultingRange;

NSString * const NSStringTransformLatinToKatakana;
NSString * const NSStringTransformLatinToHiragana;
NSString * const NSStringTransformLatinToHangul;
NSString * const NSStringTransformLatinToArabic;
NSString * const NSStringTransformLatinToHebrew;
NSString * const NSStringTransformLatinToThai;
NSString * const NSStringTransformLatinToCyrillic;
NSString * const NSStringTransformLatinToGreek;
NSString * const NSStringTransformToLatin;
NSString * const NSStringTransformMandarinToLatin;
NSString * const NSStringTransformHiraganaToKatakana;
NSString * const NSStringTransformFullwidthToHalfwidth;
NSString * const NSStringTransformToXMLHex;
NSString * const NSStringTransformToUnicodeName;
NSString * const NSStringTransformStripCombiningMarks;
NSString * const NSStringTransformStripDiacritics;

- (BOOL)localizedStandardContainsString:(NSString *)str;
- (NSRange)localizedStandardRangeOfString:(NSString *)str;

- (NSString *)localizedUppercaseString;
- (NSString *)localizedLowercaseString;
- (NSString *)localizedCapitalizedString;

NSStringGenderRuleType Bugfix

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>test</key>
    <dict>
        <key>NSStringLocalizedFormatKey</key>
        <string>%@ is %#@pronoun_gender@ name</string>
        <key>pronoun_gender</key>
        <dict>
            <key>NSStringFormatSpecTypeKey</key>
            <string>NSStringGenderRuleType</string>
            <key>NSStringFormatValueTypeKey</key>
            <string>d</string>
            <key>0</key>
            <string>his</string>
            <key>1</key>
            <string>her</string>
            <key>2</key>
            <string>their</string>
        </dict>
    </dict>
</dict>
</plist>

NSString *gendered = [NSString localizedStringWithFormat:NSLocalizedStringFromTable(@"test", @"gender", @"comment"), @"Nat", 0];

NSString *gendered = [NSString localizedStringWithFormat:NSLocalizedStringFromTable(@"test", @"gender", @"comment"), @"Nat", 1];

NSString *gendered = [NSString localizedStringWithFormat:NSLocalizedStringFromTable(@"test", @"gender", @"comment"), @"Nat", 2];

Tagged Pointer NSStrings

char buffer[BUFSIZE];
const char *ptr = CFStringGetCStringPtr(str, encoding);
if (ptr == NULL) {
    if (CFStringGetCString(str, buffer, BUFSIZE, encoding)) ptr = buffer;
}

NSString's +stringEncodingForData: API Enhancements

NSPersonNameComponentsFormatter

NSError Value Provider

+ (void)setUserInfoValueProviderForDomain:(NSString *)errorDomain
                                 provider:(id __nullable (^ __nullable)(NSError *err, NSString *userInfoKey))provider;
+ (id __nullable (^ __nullable)(NSError *err, NSString *userInfoKey))userInfoValueProviderForDomain:(NSString *)errorDomain;

NSError and Swift

do {
    try fileManager.removeItemAtURL(URL)
} catch let error as NSError {
    NSApp.presentError(error)    // A simplified approach to presenting an error to the user on OS X
}

NSError

Notes specific to OS X 10.10 and iOS 8

Swift

- (BOOL)setResourceValue:(id)value forKey:(NSString *)key error:(NSError **)error;

func setResourceValue(value:AnyObject?, forKey key:String?, error:NSErrorPointer) -> Bool

func setResourceValue(AnyObject?, forKey:String?, error:NSErrorPointer) -> Bool

- (instancetype)initWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:(NSTimeInterval)secs;

convenience init(timeIntervalSinceNow secs: NSTimeInterval)

+ (NSColor *)colorWithPatternImage:(NSImage *)image;

init(patternImage image: NSImage?)

let size = NSSize(width: 20, height: 40)

result = NSLocalizedString("Update", comment:"Title of button the user can click to update account info")

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSByteCountFormatterCountStyle) {
    NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleFile,
    NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleMemory,
    NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleDecimal,
    NSByteCountFormatterCountStyleBinary
};

enum NSByteCountFormatterCountStyle : Int {
    case File
    case Memory
    case Decimal
    case Binary
}

let action: Selector = "updateAccountInfo:"

String Encoding Detection

+ (NSStringEncoding)stringEncodingForData:(NSData *)data
                          encodingOptions:(NSDictionary *)opts
                          convertedString:(NSString **)string
                      usedLossyConversion:(BOOL *)usedLossyConversion;

Date Interval Formatter

Date Components Formatter

Unit Formatters

Formatting Context

NSDateFormatter Bug Fix

NSCalendar

// A simple tabular Islamic calendar using the astronomical/Thursday epoch of CE 622 July 15
NSString * const NSCalendarIdentifierIslamicTabular;
// The Islamic Umm al-Qura calendar used in Saudi Arabia. This is based on astronomical calculation, instead of tabular behaviour.
NSString * const NSCalendarIdentifierIslamicUmmAlQura;

NSXPCConnection and NSProgress

- (IBAction)fetch:(id)sender
{
    NSURL *urlToFetch = ...;
    NSProgress *progress = [NSProgress progressWithTotalUnitCount:1];
    [progress becomeCurrentWithPendingUnitCount:1];
    // Create a connection to our fetch-service and ask it to download for us. The fetch-service will implement the 'Fetch' protocol.
    NSXPCConnection *fetchServiceConnection = [[NSXPCConnection alloc] initWithServiceName:@"com.apple.SandboxedFetch.fetch-service"];
    fetchServiceConnection.remoteObjectInterface = [NSXPCInterface interfaceWithProtocol:@protocol(Fetch)];
    [fetchServiceConnection resume];
    // Send a message to the fetch service. Because there is a current progress object (‘progress’), it will be updated if the remote side reports progress.
    [[fetchServiceConnection remoteObjectProxy] fetchURL:urlToFetch withReply:^(BOOL ok) {
        // This block will be invoked when the helper service replies.
    }];
    // Even if the work is done asynchronously, we can resignCurrent here.
    [progress resignCurrent];
}

- (void)fetchURL:(NSURL *)url withReply:(void (^)(BOOL))reply {
    // Create a progress object to handle progress below
    NSProgress *progress = [NSProgress progressWithTotalUnitCount:10];
    progress.cancellationHandler = ^{
        // handle a cancellation from the application
    };
    // do work here, e.g.
    progress.completedUnitCount = 1;
    // more work
    progress.completedUnitCount = 5;
    // etc.
   reply(YES);
}

Changing Filename Case with NSFileManager

More NSSecureCoding Adoption

NSFilePresenter File Package Attribute Change Notifications

Bug Fix in NSMetadataItem

Increased Leniency for NSDataBase64DecodingIgnoreUnknownCharacters

NSFileCoordinatorReadingForUploading

Asynchronous NSFileCoordinator Waiting

NSFileAccessIntent *srcIntent = [NSFileAccessIntent readingIntentWithURL:url1 options:NSFileCoordinatorWritingForMoving];
NSFileAccessIntent *dstIntent = [NSFileAccessIntent writingIntentWithURL:url2 options:NSFileCoordinatorWritingForReplacing];
[fileCoordinator coordinateAccessWithIntents:@[srcIntent, dstIntent] queue:myQueue byAccessor:^(NSError *error) {
    BOOL success = error == nil;
    if (success) {
        success = [fileManager removeItemAtURL:dstIntent.URL error:&error];
    }
    if (success) {
        success = [fileManager moveItemAtURL:srcIntent.URL toItemAtURL:dstIntent.URL error:&error];
    }
    if (!success) {
        // present error on main queue
    }
}];

Debugging File Coordination Delays

NSFileCoordinator purpose identifiers

NSMetadataQuery and NSMetadataItem enhancements for ubiquitous items

Updating your iCloud application for OS X 10.10 and iOS 8.0

iCloud Versions

Ubiquitous external documents

iCloud download requested state

NSProcessInfo Operating System Version Checking

- (BOOL) isOperatingSystemAtLeastVersion:(NSOperatingSystemVersion)version

@property (readonly) NSOperatingSystemVersion operatingSystemVersion

+[NSLocale autoupdatingCurrentLocale] Bug Fix

-[NSUserDefaults synchronize] Changes

NSUserDefaults Plist Files

NSUserDefaults Performance Tradeoffs

defaults(1) enhancements

NSQualityOfService

NSTask qualityOfService

NSThread qualityOfService

NSOperationQueue qualityOfService

NSOperation qualityOfService

NSOperation's threadPriority property

NSOperation name

NSOperationQueue underlyingQueue

NSString

- (BOOL)containsString:(NSString *)str;
- (BOOL)localizedCaseInsensitiveContainsString:(NSString *)str;

NSByteCountFormatter

Notes specific to OS X 10.9 and iOS 7

NSXPCConnection

NSKeyedArchiver

NSString *myString = @"Hello world";
NSMutableData *data = [NSMutableData data];
NSKeyedArchiver *archiver = [[NSKeyedArchiver alloc] initForWritingWithMutableData:data];
[archiver setRequiresSecureCoding:YES];
[archiver encodeObject:myString forKey:@"MyKey"];
[archiver finishEncoding];
// ...
NSData *dataToUnarchive = ...;
NSKeyedUnarchiver *unarchiver = [[NSKeyedUnarchiver alloc] initForReadingWithData:dataToUnarchive];
[unarchiver setRequiresSecureCoding:YES];
NSString *decodedString = [unarchiver decodeObjectOfClass:[NSString class] forKey:@"MyKey"];

NSBundle

NSOperation and NSOperationQueue

NSUserNotification

App Nap

App Nap - User Activities

App Nap - Eligibility

App Nap - Debugging

Timer Tolerance

Progress Reporting and Cancellation

Reporting Progress

- (BOOL)readFromData:(NSData *)data error:(NSError **)outError {
    // If there is already current progress, make a child of it to report progress about the part
    // of the work that's being done by this method. In this example we simply use "bytes of input"
    // as the unit of progress.
    NSUInteger length = [data length];
    NSProgress *progress = [NSProgress progressWithTotalUnitCount:length];
    // A loop that does something with each byte of data.
    NSError *error = nil;
    for (NSUInteger index = 0; index < length; index++) {
        // For the most part cancellation is just another kind of error to Cocoa.
        // In real code there might be some cleanup to do here, but it should be just more of the
        // same thing that you would do after any kind of error.
        if ([progress isCancelled]) {
            error = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSCocoaErrorDomain code:NSUserCancelledError userInfo:nil];
            break;
        }
        // Do some work with each byte. This code also might set the error to something, clean up, and break out of the loop.
        // ...
        // Report progress. We add one to the index so that the completed unit count will equal the total unit count at the end.
        [progress setCompletedUnitCount:(index + 1)];
    }
    // Finish up the error handling.
    if (error && outError) {
        *outError = error;
    }
    return error ? NO : YES;
}

- (void)readAsynchronouslyFromData:(NSData *)data withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(NSError *error))completionHandler {
    NSUInteger length = [data length];
    // By creating the child progress before we move the work to another queue, we can
    // capture the currentProgress object if set by the caller of this method.
    NSProgress *progress = [NSProgress progressWithTotalUnitCount:length];
    // We use a pre-existing NSOperationQueue here, but this approach will also apply if you use
    // dispatch_async or another technique to move the work onto another thread or queue.
    NSOperationQueue *queue = _queue;
    [queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
        NSError *error = nil;
        for (NSUInteger index = 0; index < length; index++) {
            if ([progress isCancelled]) {
                error = [NSError errorWithDomain:NSCocoaErrorDomain code:NSUserCancelledError userInfo:nil];
                break;
            }
            // Do some work with each bytes, as before
            // ...
            // Report progress. We add one to the index so that the completed unit count will equal the total unit count at the end.
            [progress setCompletedUnitCount:(index + 1)];
        }
        completionHandler(error);
    }];
}

Creating a Tree of Progress Objects

- (void)readAllData:(NSArray *)arrayOfData {
    NSProgress *overallProgress = [NSProgress progressWithTotalUnitCount:[arrayOfData count]];
    for (NSUInteger index = 0; index < [arrayOfData count]; index++) {
        [overallProgress becomeCurrentWithPendingUnitCount:1];
        [self readAsynchronouslyFromData:arrayOfData[index] withCompletionHandler:^(NSError *error) {
            // Perform error handling here
        }];
        [overallProgress resignCurrent];
    }
}

- (void)writeAllData:(NSArray *)arrayOfData {
    NSProgress *overallProgress = [NSProgress progressWithTotalUnitCount:[arrayOfData count]];
    for (NSUInteger index = 0; index < [arrayOfData count]; index++) {
        [overallProgress becomeCurrentWithPendingUnitCount:1];
        [self writeData:arrayOfData[index]];
        [overallProgress resignCurrent];
    }
}

Observing Progress

- (void)openFromFileAtURL:(NSURL *)url {
    // This is a method for some sort of controller object that reads model objects from a file, presenting a progress panel if that takes too long,
    // and presenting an error panel if that fails.
    // Certain properties of the NSProgress object may be interesting to display to the user.
    // This controller object may use Key Value Observing to watch the values of those properties and update an AppKit or UIKit view.
    // It is important to note that the KVO notifications will be posted on the thread that changes the value.
    // If the UI view must be updated on the main thread, it is your responsibility to move that work to the main thread from
    // your observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context: implementation.
    // You may have to make a decision about how useful it is to show a progress panel. For example, if the length of the
    // operation is short enough it may make sense not to put up a panel only to immediately dismiss it.
    // That human interface decision is encapsulated in the following fictional method implemented on this controller object.
    [self setUpProgressPanel];
    // The total unit count we use for this operation is arbitrary. What matters is that the counts of units we attribute to suboperations add up to it.
    _progress = [NSProgress progressWithTotalUnitCount:10];
    // It is important to remember not to block the main thread with the work. Otherwise the progress would not even be visible to the user.
    [_concurrentQueue addOperationWithBlock:^(void) {
        // To take advantage of NSData's progress reporting, make our progress the current one before we ask NSData to read the file.
        // NSData will add a child NSProgress and report its reading progress through that. After a little bit of theoretical experimentation,
        // we theoretically determined that in this example it's reasonable to call the actual reading of the file 20% of the work, and the
        // parsing of the file and the creation of objects from it the other 80%. Some files, like those on network drives, take longer
        // to read than others though. This is not an exact science.
        NSError *error = nil;
        BOOL didRead = NO;
        [_progress becomeCurrentWithPendingUnitCount:2];
        NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url options:0 error:&error];
        [_progress resignCurrent];
        // -readFromData:error:, shown above in "Reporting Progress," does 80% of the work here but its progress reporting is reusable in situations
        // where it's some other fraction of the work. This approach is most useful when the code involved is spread all over a
        // large code base built for reusability.
        [_progress becomeCurrentWithPendingUnitCount:8];
        didRead = [self readFromData:data error:&error];
        [_progress resignCurrent];
        // Get back on the main thread to do whatever it is this app does with the objects it just created.
        [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^(void) {
            // Success or failure, if our progress panel was presented then tear it down, and clean up.
            [self tearDownProgressPanel];
            _progress = nil;
            // If there was a failure, you may want to present it to the user.
            if (!didRead) {
                // You never have to tell the user they hit the Cancel button! On Mac OS X, AppKit's error presentation methods in NSResponder and
                // its subclasses take care of not doing that for you. On iOS you are responsible for checking the kind of error yourself, which we show here.
                BOOL errorIsCocoa = [[error domain] isEqualToString:NSCocoaErrorDomain];
                if (!(errorIsCocoa && [error code] == NSUserCancelledError)) {
                    [self presentError:error];
                }
            }
        }];
    }];
}

Reporting Progress to Other Processes and Observing Progress in Other Processes

NSProgresses Have User Info Dictionaries

NSMetadata

Bug Fixes in NSFilePresenter Messaging

Bug Fix in Key Value Observing (KVO)

NSURL

NSURLComponents

Custom NSData Deallocator for No-Copy Buffers

NSData API for Base 64 Encoding and Decoding

NSPurgeableData Thread Safety

NSString -stringByAppendingPathExtension: Behavior Change

NSFileProtectionKey Bug Fixed

NSFileManager Delegate Method Bug Fixed

NSData Copying Behavior Change

NSUserDefaults support for Security Application Groups (Sandboxing)

Changes to NSUserDefaults "compatibility" keys (Mac)

Improved safety of NSUserDefaults values

-[NSUserDefaults synchronize] and non-current-application domains (Mac)

-[NSUserDefaults synchronize] is not generally useful (Mac)

dispatch_data_t -> NSData bridging

- (void) enumerateByteRangesUsingBlock:(void (^)(const void *bytes, NSRange byteRange, BOOL *stop))block

Empty NSData objects

Immutable NSData objects may be vm-backed

NSData -copy, -copyWithZone: and -initWithData:

plutil(1) plist editing

defaults(1) additions for dealing with arbitrary plist files

NSCalendar performance and thread-safety

NSTask performance and thread-safety

NSDateFormatter and NSNumberFormatter thread-safety

NSNetServices

NSURLSession

NSURLCredential

NSPredicate, NSExpression, and NSSortDescriptor

NSCalendar

+ (id)calendarWithIdentifier:(NSString *)calendarIdentifierConstant;
- (void)getEra:(out NSInteger *)eraValuePointer year:(out NSInteger *)yearValuePointer
           month:(out NSInteger *)monthValuePointer day:(out NSInteger *)dayValuePointer fromDate:(NSDate *)date;
- (void)getEra:(out NSInteger *)eraValuePointer yearForWeekOfYear:(out NSInteger *)yearValuePointer
           weekOfYear:(out NSInteger *)weekValuePointer weekday:(out NSInteger *)weekdayValuePointer fromDate:(NSDate *)date;
- (void)getHour:(out NSInteger *)hourValuePointer minute:(out NSInteger *)minuteValuePointer second:(out NSInteger *)secondValuePointer
           nanosecond:(out NSInteger *)nanosecondValuePointer fromDate:(NSDate *)date;
- (NSInteger)component:(NSCalendarUnit)unit fromDate:(NSDate *)date;
- (NSDate *)dateWithEra:(NSInteger)eraValue year:(NSInteger)yearValue month:(NSInteger)monthValue day:(NSInteger)dayValue
           hour:(NSInteger)hourValue minute:(NSInteger)minuteValue second:(NSInteger)secondValue nanosecond:(NSInteger)nanosecondValue;
- (NSDate *)dateWithEra:(NSInteger)eraValue yearForWeekOfYear:(NSInteger)yearValue weekOfYear:(NSInteger)weekValue
           weekday:(NSInteger)weekdayValue hour:(NSInteger)hourValue minute:(NSInteger)minuteValue second:(NSInteger)secondValue nanosecond:(NSInteger)nanosecondValue;
- (NSDate *)startOfDayForDate:(NSDate *)date;
- (NSDateComponents *)componentsInTimeZone:(NSTimeZone *)timezone fromDate:(NSDate *)date;
- (NSComparisonResult)compareDate:(NSDate *)date1 toDate:(NSDate *)date2 toUnitGranularity:(NSCalendarUnit)unit;
- (BOOL)isDate:(NSDate *)date1 equalToDate:(NSDate *)date2 toUnitGranularity:(NSCalendarUnit)unit;
- (BOOL)isDate:(NSDate *)date1 inSameDayAsDate:(NSDate *)date2;
- (BOOL)isDateInToday:(NSDate *)date;
- (BOOL)isDateInYesterday:(NSDate *)date;
- (BOOL)isDateInTomorrow:(NSDate *)date;
- (BOOL)isDateInWeekend:(NSDate *)date;
- (BOOL)rangeOfWeekendStartDate:(out NSDate **)datep interval:(out NSTimeInterval *)tip containingDate:(NSDate *)date;
- (BOOL)nextWeekendStartDate:(out NSDate **)datep interval:(out NSTimeInterval *)tip options:(NSCalendarOptions)options afterDate:(NSDate *)date;
- (NSDateComponents *)components:(NSCalendarUnit)unitFlags fromDateComponents:(NSDateComponents *)startingDateComp
           toDateComponents:(NSDateComponents *)resultDateComp options:(NSCalendarOptions)options;
- (NSDate *)dateByAddingUnit:(NSCalendarUnit)unit value:(NSInteger)value toDate:(NSDate *)date options:(NSCalendarOptions)options;
- (void)enumerateDatesStartingAfterDate:(NSDate *)start matchingComponents:(NSDateComponents *)comps options:(NSCalendarOptions)opts
           usingBlock:(void (^)(NSDate *date, BOOL exactMatch, BOOL *stop))block;
- (NSDate *)nextDateAfterDate:(NSDate *)date matchingComponents:(NSDateComponents *)comps options:(NSCalendarOptions)options;
- (NSDate *)nextDateAfterDate:(NSDate *)date matchingUnit:(NSCalendarUnit)unit value:(NSInteger)value options:(NSCalendarOptions)options;
- (NSDate *)nextDateAfterDate:(NSDate *)date matchingHour:(NSInteger)hourValue minute:(NSInteger)minuteValue second:(NSInteger)secondValue options:(NSCalendarOptions)options;
- (NSDate *)dateBySettingUnit:(NSCalendarUnit)unit value:(NSInteger)v toDate:(NSDate *)date options:(NSCalendarOptions)opts;
- (NSDate *)dateBySettingHour:(NSInteger)h minute:(NSInteger)m second:(NSInteger)s toDate:(NSDate *)date options:(NSCalendarOptions)opts;

NSDateComponents

- (void)setValue:(NSInteger)value forComponent:(NSCalendarUnit)unit;
- (NSInteger)valueForComponent:(NSCalendarUnit)unit;
- (BOOL)isValidDate;
- (BOOL)isValidDateInCalendar:(NSCalendar *)calendar;

instancetype

NSArray -firstObject

NSString Errors

NSScanner

NSAttributedString

Localized Property List File

NSString *localizedString;
NSUInteger numberOfItems; // assume the number of selected item is stored
if (numberOfItems == 1) { // single item
    localizedString = NSLocalizedString(@"A file is selected", @"Message displayed when showing a single file selection.");
} else { // multiple item
    localizedString = [NSString localizedStringWithFormat:NSLocalizedString(@"%d files are selected", @"Message displayed when showing multiple file selection."), numberOfItems];
}

NSString *localizedString;
NSUInteger numberOfItems; // assume the number of selected item is stored
NSUInteger modValue = numberOfItems % 100;
if (numberOfItems == 0) { // no item
    localizedString = NSLocalizedString(@"No file is selected", @"Message displayed when showing no selection.");
} else if (numberOfItems == 1) { // single item
    localizedString = NSLocalizedString(@"A file is selected", @"Message displayed when showing a single file selection.");
} else if (numberOfItems == 2) { // dual items
    localizedString = NSLocalizedString(@"Two files are selected", @"Message displayed when showing two files selected.");
} else if ((modValue >= 3) && (modValue <= 10)) { // paucal items
    localizedString = [NSString localizedStringWithFormat:NSLocalizedString(@"A few files (%d items) are selected", @"Message displayed when showing paucal files selected."), numberOfItems];
} else { // multiple items
    localizedString = [NSString localizedStringWithFormat:NSLocalizedString(@"%d files are selected", @"Message displayed when showing multiple file selection."), numberOfItems];
}

NSString %@ format specifier enhancement

%[n$]#[FLAGS][FIELD WIDTH][.PRECISION]@<CONFIGURATION KEY>@

The format specifier configuration dictionary

@"%d files are selected" = @"%#@num_files_are@ selected" // localized string dynamically substitute "%d files are"

{
    "NSStringFormatSpecTypeKey" = "NSStringPluralRuleType"; // plural type
    "NSStringFormatValueTypeKey" = "d"; // int argument
    "zero" = "No file is";
    "one" = "A file is";
    "other" = "%d files are";
}

@"%d in %d files are selected" = @"%2$#@d_in_d_files_are_selected@"

"d_in_d_files_are_selected" = {
    "NSStringFormatSpecTypeKey" = "NSStringPluralRuleType"; // plural type
    "NSStringFormatValueTypeKey" = "d"; // int argument
    "zero" = "There is no file";
    "one" = "There is a file, and %1$#@it_is_selected@";
    "other" = "%1$d in %2$d files are selected";
};
"it_is_selected" = {
    "NSStringFormatSpecTypeKey" = "NSStringPluralRuleType"; // plural type
    "NSStringFormatValueTypeKey" = "d"; // int argument
    "zero" = "it is not selected";
    "other" = "it is selected";
};

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
    <key>%d files are selected</key>
    <dict>
        <key>NSStringLocalizedFormatKey</key>
        <string>%#@num_files_are@ selected</string>
        <key>num_files_are</key>
        <dict>
            <key>NSStringFormatSpecTypeKey</key>
            <string>NSStringPluralRuleType</string>
            <key>NSStringFormatValueTypeKey</key>
            <string>d</string>
            <key>zero</key>
            <string>No file is</string>
            <key>one</key>
            <string>A file is</string>
            <key>other</key>
            <string>%d files are</string>
        </dict>
    </dict>
</dict>
</plist>

Notes specific to OS X 10.8 and iOS 6

NSPointerFunctions zeroing weak changes

NSHashTable zeroing weak changes

NSMapTable zeroing weak changes

NSPointerArray zeroing weak changes

NSHashTable, NSMapTable, NSPointerArray available in iOS 6

Subscripting syntax capabilities added to some collections

NSDictionary methods now declare <NSCopying> conformance requirement for keys

Weakly unavailable classes

NSRealMemoryAvailable() function deprecated

NSCopyObject() function deprecated

NS_RETURNS_INNER_POINTER

New NSObject protocol optional method

New NSDateComponents methods

NSNumberFormatter, NSDateFormatter default behavior

NSXPCConnection

NSXPCConnection Getting Started

    @protocol CompressingServer
    - (oneway void)compressData:(NSData *)data withReply:(void (^)(NSData *compressedData))reply;
    @end

    NSXPCListener *listener = [NSXPCListener serviceListener];
    listener.delegate = [ListenerDelegate new];
    [listener resume]; // does not return

    @interface ListenerDelegate : NSObject <NSXPCListenerDelegate, CompressingServer>
    @end
    ...
    - (BOOL)listener:(NSXPCListener *)listener shouldAcceptNewConnection:(NSXPCConnection *)newConnection {
        newConnection.exportedObject = self;
        newConnection.exportedInterface = [NSXPCInterface interfaceWithProtocol:@protocol(CompressingServer)];
        [newConnection resume];
        return YES;
    }

    NSXPCConnection *connection = [[NSXPCConnection alloc] initWithServiceName:@"com.yourcompany.CompressingServer"];
    connection.remoteObjectInterface = [NSXPCInterface interfaceWithProtocol:@protocol(CompressingServer)];
    [connection resume];

    id <CompressingServer> proxy = [c remoteObjectProxy];
    [proxy compressData:bigData withReply:^(NSData *compressedData) {
        [compressedData writeToURL:myURL atomically:YES];
    }];

NSXPCConnection Error Handling

    id <CompressingServer> proxy = [c remoteObjectProxyWithErrorHandler:^(NSError *err) {
        // handle error
    }];
    [proxy compressData:bigData withReply:^(NSData *compressedData) {
        [compressedData writeToURL:myURL atomically:YES];
    }];

    [[c remoteObjectProxyWithErrorHandler:^(NSError *err) {
        // handle error
    }] compressData:bigData withReply:^(NSData *compressedData) {
        [compressedData writeToURL:myURL atomically:YES];
    }];

NSXPCConnection Object Arguments

    @protocol SpellChecker
    - (oneway void)spellCheckWord:(NSString *)word withReply:(void (^)(NSArray *suggestions))reply;
    @end

    NSXPCInterface *ifc = [NSXPCInterface interfaceWithProtocol:@protocol(SpellChecker)];
    [ifc setClasses:[NSSet setWithObject:[NSString class]] forSelector:@selector(spellCheckWord:withReply:) ofReply:YES];

NSXPCConnection Advanced Topics

NSUserNotification and NSUserNotificationCenter

    NSUserNotification *note = [[NSUserNotification alloc] init];
    note.title = @"Hello";
    [[NSUserNotificationCenter defaultUserNotificationCenter] deliverNotification:note];

    NSUserNotification *note = [[NSUserNotification alloc] init];
    note.title = @"Hello";
    note.deliveryDate = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:5];
    [[NSUserNotificationCenter defaultUserNotificationCenter] scheduleNotification:note];

New iCloud APIs

File Coordination for -setUbiquitous:itemAtURL:destinationURL:error:

NSFileCoordinator *fc = [[NSFileCoordinator alloc] initWithFilePresenter:myFilePresenter];
[fc coordinateWritingItemAtURL:sourceURL options:NSFileCoordinatorWritingForMoving
              writingItemAtURL:destinationURL options:NSFileCoordinatorWritingForReplacing
                         error:errorPtr byAccessor:^(NSURL *newSourceURL, NSURL *newDestinationURL) {
    success = [fileManager setUbiquitous:YES itemAtURL:newSourceURL destinationURL:newDestinationURL error:errorPtr];
    if (success) {
        [fc itemAtURL:newSourceURL didMoveToURL:newDestinationURL];
    }
];
[fc release];

NSFileManager Trash APIs

NSFileCoordinator *fc = [[[NSFileCoordinator alloc] init] autorelease];
[fc coordinateWritingItemAtURL:urlToMoveToTrash options:NSFileCoordinatorWritingForMoving error:&error byAccessor:^(NSURL *url) {
    success = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] trashItemAtURL:url resultingItemURL:&resultingURL error:&error];
}];

-[NSObject autoContentAccessingProxy]

NSDataWritingWithoutOverwriting

NSIndexSet Enumeration

NSUUID

NSLinguisticTagger

NSError

NSUserScriptTask

NSByteCountFormatter

NSString

NSString localized formatting

NSString localized case mapping methods

Dictionary shared key set API

Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.7

JSON Support in Foundation

Distributed Objects now supports keyed archiving

Leak of objects passed in structures over Distributed Objects fixed

NSValue objects with common structure types now support keyed archiving

New Availability Macros in Foundation and AppKit headers

if ([NSNewClass class]) { /* ... */ }

NSFilePresenter

@property (readonly) NSURL *presentedItemURL;

- (void)relinquishPresentedItemToReader:(void (^)(void (^reacquirer)(void)))reader;
- (void)relinquishPresentedItemToWriter:(void (^)(void (^reacquirer)(void)))writer;

- (void)savePresentedItemChangesWithCompletionHandler:(void (^)(NSError *errorOrNil))completionHandler;

NSFileCoordinator

- (void)coordinateReadingItemAtURL:(NSURL *)url
                           options:(NSFileCoordinatorReadingOptions)options
                             error:(NSError **)outError
                        byAccessor:(void (^)(NSURL *newURL))reader;
- (void)coordinateWritingItemAtURL:(NSURL *)url
                           options:(NSFileCoordinatorWritingOptions)options
                             error:(NSError **)outError
                        byAccessor:(void (^)(NSURL *newURL))writer;

- (void)itemAtURL:(NSURL *)oldURL didMoveToURL:(NSURL *)newURL;

New Handling of Ambiguous Scripting Location Specifiers in NSPositionalSpecifier

More Precise Removal of Key-Value Observers

- (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath context:(void *)context;

- (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer fromObjectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes
            forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath context:(void *)context;

Bug Fix in Key-Value Observing

Improved Error Handling and Reporting in NSFileManager

New NSURL-based NSFileManager API

- (BOOL)createDirectoryAtURL:(NSURL *)url
         withIntermediateDirectories:(BOOL)createIntermediates
                          attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributes
                               error:(NSError **)error;
- (BOOL)createSymbolicLinkAtURL:(NSURL *)url
             withDestinationURL:(NSURL *)destURL
                          error:(NSError **)error;

- (void)enumerateRangesUsingBlock:(void (^)(NSRange range, BOOL *stop))block;
- (void)enumerateRangesWithOptions:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts usingBlock:(void (^)(NSRange range, BOOL *stop))block;
- (void)enumerateRangesInRange:(NSRange)range options:(NSEnumerationOptions)opts usingBlock:(void (^)(NSRange range, BOOL *stop))block;

More flexible version of NSIntegralRect

NSUserDefaults and Threading

NSUserDefaults euid/uid handling

NSProcessInfo Thread Safety

NSProcessInfo Support for Automatic Termination

- (void) disableAutomaticTermination:(NSString *)reason;
- (void) enableAutomaticTermination:(NSString *)reason;

NSXMLParser Stream API

NSXMLParser Thread Safety

NSXMLDocument External Entity Restriction API

NSXMLNodeLoadExternalEntitiesAlways

NSXMLNodeLoadExternalEntitiesSameOriginOnly

NSXMLNodeLoadExternalEntitiesNever

- (id)initWithData:(NSData *)data options:(NSUInteger)mask validExternalEntityURLs:(NSSet *)validURLs error:(NSError **)error;

NSBundle -bundlePath/-bundleURL fixes

NSBundle App Store Receipt Support

- (NSURL *)appStoreReceiptURL;

NSFileHandle block-based readability/writeability API

@property (copy) void (^readabilityHandler)(NSFileHandle *);
@property (copy) void (^writeabilityHandler)(NSFileHandle *);

NSRegularExpression

enum {
   NSRegularExpressionCaseInsensitive            = 1 << 0, // Match letters in the pattern independent of case.
   NSRegularExpressionAllowCommentsAndWhitespace = 1 << 1, // Ignore whitespace and #-prefixed comments in the pattern.
   NSRegularExpressionIgnoreMetacharacters       = 1 << 2, // Treat the entire pattern as a literal string.
   NSRegularExpressionDotMatchesLineSeparators   = 1 << 3, // Allow . to match any character, including line separators.
   NSRegularExpressionAnchorsMatchLines          = 1 << 4, // Allow ^ and $ to match the start and end of lines.
   NSRegularExpressionUseUnixLineSeparators      = 1 << 5, // Treat only \n as a line separator (otherwise, all standard
                                                           //   line separators are used).
   NSRegularExpressionUseUnicodeWordBoundaries   = 1 << 6  // Use Unicode TR#29 to specify word boundaries (otherwise,
                                                           //   traditional regular expression word boundaries are used).
};
typedef NSUInteger NSRegularExpressionOptions;

enum {
   NSMatchingReportProgress           = 1 << 0,  // Call the block periodically during long-running match operations.
   NSMatchingReportCompletion         = 1 << 1,  // Call the block once after the completion of any matching.
   NSMatchingAnchored                 = 1 << 2,  // Limit matches to those at the start of the search range.
   NSMatchingWithTransparentBounds    = 1 << 3,  // Allow matching to look beyond the bounds of the search range.
   NSMatchingWithoutAnchoringBounds   = 1 << 4   // Prevent ^ and $ from automatically matching the beginning and end of the search range.
};
typedef NSUInteger NSMatchingOptions;

enum {
   NSMatchingProgress      = 1 << 0,  // Set when the block is called to report progress during a long-running match operation.
   NSMatchingCompleted     = 1 << 1,  // Set when the block is called after completion of any matching.
   NSMatchingHitEnd        = 1 << 2,  // Set when the current match operation reached the end of the search range.
   NSMatchingRequiredEnd   = 1 << 3,  // Set when the current match depended on the location of the end of the search range.
   NSMatchingInternalError = 1 << 4   // Set when matching failed due to an internal error.
};
typedef NSUInteger NSMatchingFlags;

Regular Expression Additions to NSString

NSDataDetector

Additions to NSTextCheckingResult

@property (readonly) NSUInteger numberOfRanges;
- (NSRange)rangeAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx;

- (NSTextCheckingResult *)resultByAdjustingRangesWithOffset:(NSInteger)offset;

+ (NSTextCheckingResult *)phoneNumberCheckingResultWithRange:(NSRange)range phoneNumber:(NSString *)phoneNumber;
+ (NSTextCheckingResult *)transitInformationCheckingResultWithRange:(NSRange)range components:(NSDictionary *)components;

@property (readonly) NSString *phoneNumber;

@property (readonly) NSDictionary *components;

NSLinguisticTagger

NSURLConnection

- (void)setDelegateQueue:(NSOperationQueue *)queue;

+ (void)sendAsynchronousRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
              queue:(NSOperationQueue *)queue
                completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLResponse *, NSData *, NSError *))handler;

- (void)connection: (NSURLConnection *) connection
        willSendRequestForAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge;

@optional
- (void)performDefaultHandlingForAuthenticationChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge;
- (void)rejectProtectionSpaceAndContinueWithChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge;

NSURLRequest

- (NSURLRequestNetworkServiceType)networkServiceType;
- (void)setNetworkServiceType:(NSURLRequestNetworkServiceType)networkServiceType;

- (BOOL)HTTPShouldUsePipelining;
- (void)setHTTPShouldUsePipelining:(BOOL)shouldUsePipelining;

NSHTTPCookieStorage

- (NSArray *)sortedCookiesUsingDescriptors:(NSArray *)sortOrder;

- (NSArray *)cookies;

Legacy OS X 10.4 predicate parser removed

New collection class

- (NSUInteger)count;
- (id)objectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx;

- (NSUInteger)indexOfObject:(id)object;

- (void)insertObject:(id)object atIndex:(NSUInteger)idx;
- (void)replaceObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx withObject:(id)object;
- (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(NSUInteger)idx;

- (NSArray *)array;
- (NSSet *)set;

[aMutableOrderedSet removeObjectsInArray:[aMutableOrderedSet array]]

[[anOrderedSet array] copy];

[[anOrderedSet set] copy];

Distributed notification delivery

NSCalendar

iCloud

Strings File Handling

Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.6

NSKeyedArchiver

NSPropertyList

+ (NSData *)dataFromPropertyList:(id)plist format:(NSPropertyListFormat)format errorDescription:(NSString **)errorString;
+ (id)propertyListFromData:(NSData *)data mutabilityOption:(NSPropertyListMutabilityOptions)opt
                    format:(NSPropertyListFormat *)format errorDescription:(NSString **)errorString;

+ (NSData *)dataWithPropertyList:(id)plist format:(NSPropertyListFormat)format options:(NSPropertyListWriteOptions)opt error:(NSError **)error;
+ (id)propertyListWithData:(NSData *)data options:(NSPropertyListReadOptions)opt format:(NSPropertyListFormat *)format error:(NSError **)error;
+ (NSInteger)writePropertyList:(id)plist toStream:(NSOutputStream *)stream format:(NSPropertyListFormat)format
                       options:(NSPropertyListWriteOptions)opt error:(NSError **)error;
+ (id)propertyListWithStream:(NSInputStream *)stream options:(NSPropertyListReadOptions)opt
                        format:(NSPropertyListFormat *)format error:(NSError **)error;

Bug Fix in NSAppleScript Running Garbage-Collected

Bug Fix in -[NSUndoManager prepareWithInvocationTarget:] (New since November seed)

Bug Fix in .sdef-Declared Scriptability

Bug Fix in General Scriptability

Sudden Termination - Fast Killing Of Applications (Updated since November seed)

- (void)disableSuddenTermination;
- (void)enableSuddenTermination;

Automatic Removal of Finalized Key-Value Observers When Running Garbage-Collected (New since November seed)

Bug Fixes in Debugging of Objects Being Deallocated With Observers Still Registered When Not Running Garbage-Collected (Updated since March 2009 Seed)

New NSPurgeableData class

NSData copyWithZone: changed (New since WWDC 2008)

-[NSData getBytes:range:] and NSRangeException (New since WWDC 2008)

NSNumberFormatter, NSDateFormatter, and -getObjectValue:forString:errorDescription: (New since WWDC 2008)

Formal Protocol Adoption (New since WWDC 2008)

@interface MyDelegate : NSObject <NSMetadataQueryDelegate> ... @end

@protocol MyStreamDelegate;

@interface MyStream : NSStream

- (id <MyStreamDelegate)delegate;
- (void)setDelegate:(id <MyStreamDelegate>)delegate;

@end

@protocol MyStreamDelegate <NSStreamDelegate>
- (void)additionalDelegateMethod;
@end

@implementation MyStream

- (id <MyStreamDelegate)delegate {
    return (id <MyStreamDelegate>)[super delegate];
}

- (void)setDelegate:(id <MyStreamDelegate>)delegate {
    [super setDelegate:delegate];
}

@end

#if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_6 > MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MAX_ALLOWED

@protocol NSConnectionDelegate <NSObject> @end

#endif

`

Deprecating unsafe buffer-taking methods (New since November seed)

-[NSString getCharacters:]
-[NSData getBytes:]
-[NSArray getObjects:]

-[NSString getCharacters:range:]
-[NSData getBytes:length:] or -[NSData getBytes:range:]
-[NSArray getObjects:range:]

NSXMLParser fatal errors (New since November seed)

NSData rangeOfData:withOptions:range: (New since November seed)

    - (NSRange)rangeOfData:(NSData *)dataToFind
                   options:(NSDataSearchOptions)mask
                     range:(NSRange)searchRange;

NSFileManager (New since November seed)

    - (BOOL)copyItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **)error;
    - (BOOL)moveItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **)error;
    - (BOOL)linkItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **)error;

    - (BOOL)copyItemAtURL:(NSURL *)srcURL toURL:(NSURL *)dstURL error:(NSError **)error;
    - (BOOL)moveItemAtURL:(NSURL *)srcURL toURL:(NSURL *)dstURL error:(NSError **)error;
    - (BOOL)linkItemAtURL:(NSURL *)srcURL toURL:(NSURL *)dstURL error:(NSError **)error;

NSString path completion (New since WWDC 2008)

NSDecimal (New since WWDC 2008)

NSIndexSet (New since WWDC 2008)

Text Checking (Updated since WWDC 2008)

- (NSArray *)spellServer:(NSSpellServer *)sender
             checkString:(NSString *)stringToCheck
                  offset:(NSUInteger)offset
                   types:(NSTextCheckingTypes)checkingTypes
                 options:(NSDictionary *)options
             orthography:(NSOrthography *)orthography
               wordCount:(NSInteger *)wordCount;

Learned Words (New since WWDC 2008)

URL-Based Methods for NSBundle

+ (NSBundle *)bundleWithURL:(NSURL *)url;
- (id)initWithURL:(NSURL *)url;

- (NSURL *)bundleURL;
- (NSURL *)resourceURL;
- (NSURL *)executableURL;
- (NSURL *)URLForAuxiliaryExecutable:(NSString *)executableName;

- (NSURL *)privateFrameworksURL;
- (NSURL *)sharedFrameworksURL;
- (NSURL *)sharedSupportURL;
- (NSURL *)builtInPlugInsURL;

+ (NSURL *)URLForResource:(NSString *)name withExtension:(NSString *)ext subdirectory:(NSString *)subpath inBundleWithURL:(NSURL *)bundleURL;
+ (NSArray *)URLsForResourcesWithExtension:(NSString *)ext subdirectory:(NSString *)subpath inBundleWithURL:(NSURL *)bundleURL;

- (NSURL *)URLForResource:(NSString *)name withExtension:(NSString *)ext;
- (NSURL *)URLForResource:(NSString *)name withExtension:(NSString *)ext subdirectory:(NSString *)subpath;
- (NSURL *)URLForResource:(NSString *)name withExtension:(NSString *)ext subdirectory:(NSString *)subpath localization:(NSString *)localizationName;

- (NSArray *)URLsForResourcesWithExtension:(NSString *)ext subdirectory:(NSString *)subpath;
- (NSArray *)URLsForResourcesWithExtension:(NSString *)ext subdirectory:(NSString *)subpath localization:(NSString *)localizationName;

NSXMLNode and -setObjectValue:

+[NSXMLNode namespaceWithName:stringValue:] (New since November seed)

NSURL

NSFileManager URL-based file operations

- (BOOL)copyItemAtURL:(NSURL *)srcURL toURL:(NSURL *)dstURL error:(NSError **)error;
- (BOOL)moveItemAtURL:(NSURL *)srcURL toURL:(NSURL *)dstURL error:(NSError **)error;
- (BOOL)linkItemAtURL:(NSURL *)srcURL toURL:(NSURL *)dstURL error:(NSError **)error;
- (BOOL)removeItemAtURL:(NSURL *)URL error:(NSError **)error;

NSFileManager mounted volume discovery (New since November seed)

- (NSArray *)mountedVolumeURLsIncludingResourceValuesForKeys:(NSArray *)propertyKeys
                                                     options:(NSVolumeEnumerationOptions)options;

enum {
    NSVolumeEnumerationSkipHiddenVolumes = 1L << 1,
    NSVolumeEnumerationProduceFileReferenceURLs = 1L << 2
}
typedef NSUInteger NSVolumeEnumerationOptions;

NSFileManager directory enumeration changes (New since November seed)

enum {
    NSDirectoryEnumerationSkipsSubdirectoryDescendants = 1L << 0,
    NSDirectoryEnumerationSkipsPackageDescendants      = 1L << 1,
    NSDirectoryEnumerationSkipsHiddenFiles             = 1L << 2
};
typedef NSUInteger NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions;

- (NSArray *)contentsOfDirectoryAtURL:(NSURL *)url
               includingPropertiesForKeys:(NSArray *)keys
                                  options:(NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions)mask
                                    error:(NSError **)error;

- (NSDirectoryEnumerator *)enumeratorAtURL:(NSURL *)url
            includingPropertiesForKeys:(NSArray *)keys
                               options:(NSDirectoryEnumerationOptions)mask
                          errorHandler:(BOOL (^)(NSURL *url, NSError *error))handler;

NSFileManager file system item replacement (New since November seed)

- (BOOL)replaceItemAtURL:(NSURL *)originalItemURL
           withItemAtURL:(NSURL *)newItemURL
          backupItemName:(NSString *)backupItemName
                 options:(NSFileManagerItemReplacementOptions)options
        resultingItemURL:(NSURL **)resultingURL error:(NSError **)error;

enum {
    NSFileManagerItemReplacementUsingNewMetadataOnly = 1L << 0,
    NSFileManagerItemReplacementWithoutDeletingBackupItem = 1L << 1
}
typedef NSUInteger NSFileManagerItemReplacementOptions;

NSTask (New since WWDC 2008)

- (NSTaskTerminationReason)terminationReason;

enum {
    NSTaskTerminationReasonExit = 1,
    NSTaskTerminationReasonUncaughtSignal = 2
};
typedef NSInteger NSTaskTerminationReason;

NSURL keyed archiving (New since February 2009 seed)

NSURL Path Utilities (New since November seed)

+ (NSURL *)fileURLWithPathComponents:(NSArray *)components;
- (NSArray *)pathComponents;
- (NSString *)lastPathComponent;
- (NSString *)pathExtension;
- (NSURL *)URLByAppendingPathComponent:(NSString *)pathComponent isDirectory:(BOOL)isDirectory;
- (NSURL *)URLByAppendingPathComponent:(NSString *)pathComponent;
- (NSURL *)URLByDeletingLastPathComponent;
- (NSURL *)URLByAppendingPathExtension:(NSString *)pathExtension;
- (NSURL *)URLByDeletingPathExtension;

- (NSURL *)URLByStandardizingPath;
- (NSURL *)URLByResolvingSymlinksInPath;

NSHost (New since November seed)

- (NSString *)localizedName;

NSUserDefaults (new since February seed)

- (void)setURL:(NSURL *)url forKey:(NSString *)key;
- (NSURL *)URLforKey:(NSString *)key;

defaults command

    defaults printHostIdentifier

NSXMLParser (new since February 2009 seed)

New NSCalendarUnit

New calendars (Updated since November seed)

New NSTimeZone class method

NSConnection method deprecation

NSMutableArray method deprecation

NSDate method deprecations and additions

Method declarations moved

New convenience methods on NSDateFormatter, NSNumberFormatter

Privatized instance variables

Autorelease pool debugging/performance DTrace probes added

provider Cocoa_Autorelease {
   probe pool_push(unsigned long value);    // arg is a token representing pool
   probe pool_pop_start(unsigned long value);    // arg is a token representing pool
   probe pool_pop_end(unsigned long value);    // arg is a token representing pool
   probe autorelease(unsigned long value);    // arg is object pointer
   probe error_no_pool(unsigned long value);    // arg is object pointer
   probe error_freed_object(unsigned long value);    // arg is object pointer
};

NSAutoreleasePool debugging helper methods deprecated

System uptime

New system clock change notification (Updated since November seed)

NSJavaSetup.h removed

NSCondition availability

NSAssertionHandler changes

NSObject changes

New Block-based collection enumeration methods

NSArray:      -enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:, -enumerateObjectsWithOptions:usingBlock:, -enumerateObjectsAtIndexes:options:usingBlock:
NSDictionary: -enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:, -enumerateKeysAndObjectsWithOptions:usingBlock:
NSSet:        -enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:, -enumerateObjectsWithOptions:usingBlock:
NSIndexSet:   -enumerateIndexesUsingBlock:, -enumerateIndexesWithOptions:usingBlock:, -enumerateIndexesInRange:options:usingBlock:

NSArray:      void (^)(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop)
NSDictionary: void (^)(id key, id obj, BOOL *stop)
NSSet:        void (^)(id obj, BOOL *stop)
NSIndexSet:   void (^)(NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop)

New Block-based collection searching methods

NSArray:     -indexOfObjectPassingTest:, -indexOfObjectWithOptions:passingTest:, -indexOfObjectAtIndexes:options:passingTest:

NSIndexSet:  -indexPassingTest:, -indexWithOptions:passingTest:, -indexInRange:options:passingTest:

NSArray:     -indexesOfObjectsPassingTest:, -indexesOfObjectsWithOptions:passingTest:, -indexesOfObjectsAtIndexes:options:passingTest:

NSArray:     void (^)(id obj, NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop)
NSIndexSet:  void (^)(NSUInteger idx, BOOL *stop)

New Block-based sorting methods

NSArray:        -sortedArrayUsingComparator:, -sortedArrayWithOptions:usingComparator:
NSMutableArray: -sortUsingComparator:, -sortWithOptions:usingComparator:
NSDictionary:   -keysSortedByValueUsingComparator:, -keysSortedByValueWithOptions:usingComparator:

NSComparisonResult (^)(id obj1, id obj2)

Options on the new Block-based collection enumeration, searching, and sorting methods

NSDiscardableContent protocol added

NSDiscardableContent-related NSObject method added

NSCache class added

Do not use NSCopyObject() (New since WWDC 2008)

id NSCopyObject(id object, NSUInteger extraBytes, NSZone *zone) {
    if (object == nil) return nil;
    id result = nil;
#if !__OBJC2__
    if (!(objc_collecting_enabled() && auto_zone_size((malloc_zone_t *)NSDefaultMallocZone(), object))) {
        if (!zone) zone = NSDefaultMallocZone();
        result = object_copyFromZone(object, extraBytes, (void *)zone);
    } else
#endif
    {   // ignore zone completely
        result = class_createInstance([object class], extraBytes);
        NSUInteger size = class_getInstanceSize([object class]) + extraBytes;
        objc_memmove_collectable(result, object, size);
    }
    return result;
}

NSOperation, NSOperationQueue changes (New since WWDC 2008)

- (void (^)(void))completionBlock;
- (void)setCompletionBlock:(void (^)(void))block;

- (void)waitUntilFinished;

- (double)threadPriority;
- (void)setThreadPriority:(double)p;

- (void)addOperations:(NSArray *)ops waitUntilFinished:(BOOL)wait;

- (NSUInteger)operationCount;

- (void)setName:(NSString *)n;
- (NSString *)name;

+ (id)currentQueue;

+ (id)mainQueue;

New class NSBlockOperation (New since WWDC 2008)

NSOperationQueue and Concurrent Operations and the "Current Thread" in 10.5 (New since WWDC 2009)

   if ([op isConcurrent]) {
      [op start];
   } else {
      [NSThread detachNewThreadSelector:@selector(start) toTarget:op withObject:nil];
   }

Hashing-based collections changes (New since WWDC 2008)

NSNotificationCenter new API (New since November seed)

- (id)addObserverForName:(NSString *)name object:(id)obj queue:(NSOperationQueue *)queue usingBlock:(void (^)(NSNotification *))block;

Using NSNotificationQueue Warning (New since WWDC 2009)

Concurrency, GCD, and Run Loop Cautions (New since November seed)

NSIndexPath changes (New since WWDC 2008)

NSAttributedString

- (void)enumerateAttributesInRange:(NSRange)enumerationRange
             options:(NSAttributedStringEnumerationOptions)opts
             usingBlock:(void (^)(NSDictionary *attrs, NSRange range, inout BOOL *stop))block;

- (void)enumerateAttribute:(NSString *)attrName
             inRange:(NSRange)enumerationRange
             options:(NSAttributedStringEnumerationOptions)opts
             usingBlock:(void (^)(id value, NSRange range, inout BOOL *stop))block;

NSString (Updated since November seed)

- (void)enumerateSubstringsInRange:(NSRange)range
        options:(NSStringEnumerationOptions)options
        usingBlock:(void (^)(NSString *substring, NSRange substringRange, NSRange enclosingRange, BOOL *stop))block;

- (void)enumerateLinesUsingBlock:(void (^)(NSString *line, BOOL *stop))block;

NSString (New Since WWDC2008)

return [str compare:otherStr
            options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch|NSNumericSearch|NSWidthInsensitiveSearch|NSForcedOrderingSearch
            range:NSMakeRange(0, [str length])
            locale:[NSLocale currentLocale]];

- (NSComparisonResult)localizedStandardCompare:(NSString *)string;

NSString *str = ...;
NSString *formattedStr = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:str];

NSData (New Since WWDC2008)

    NSMappedRead   -> NSDataReadingMapped
    NSUncachedRead -> NSDataReadingUncached
    NSAtomicWrite  -> NSDataWritingAtomic

NSError

NSString *const NSHelpAnchorErrorKey;

- (NSString *)helpAnchor;

NSComparator warnings note (New since November seed)

  [myArray sortUsingComparator:^(id obj1, id obj2) {
      return ([obj1 doubleValue] < [obj2 doubleValue]) ? NSOrderedAscending : NSOrderedDescending;
   }];

  error: incompatible block pointer types initializing ‘int (^)(struct objc_object *, struct objc_object *)’, expected ‘NSComparator’

  [myArray sortUsingComparator:^(id obj1, id obj2) {
      return ([obj1 doubleValue] < [obj2 doubleValue]) ? (NSComparisonResult)NSOrderedAscending : (NSComparisonResult)NSOrderedDescending;
   }];

  [myArray sortUsingComparator:^NSComparisonResult(id obj1, id obj2) {
      return ([obj1 doubleValue] < [obj2 doubleValue]) ? NSOrderedAscending : NSOrderedDescending;
   }];

Collection comparisons with isEqual: vs isEqualTo<collection>:

Foundation API not available in iPhone OS 2.0

Foundation API not available in iPhone OS 3.0

Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.5

64-Bit

Fast enumeration

@protocol NSFastEnumeration
- (NSUInteger)countByEnumeratingWithState:(NSFastEnumerationState *)state
                                  objects:(id *)stackbuf
                                    count:(NSUInteger)len;
@end

typedef struct {
    unsigned long state;
    id *itemsPtr;
    unsigned long *mutationsPtr;
    unsigned long extra[5];
} NSFastEnumerationState;

for (id myObj in myArray) { ... do something with myObj ... }

Warning about mutations during enumerations

2006-05-23 13:46:08.945 MyTestApp[756] *** Uncaught exception: <NSInvalidArgumentException>
                                       Collection <NSCFArray: 0x303d70> was mutated while being enumerated.

Garbage Collection

NSMapTable, NSHashTable

Exceptions

Zero-overhead exceptions in 64-bit

New NSException API

- (NSArray *)callStackReturnAddresses;

NSException macro changes

Throwing objects other than NSExceptions in Cocoa apps

Setting a breakpoint to catch exception raises

Exceptions caught from outside callbacks no longer dropped

NSOperation, NSOperationQueue

NSThread

- (void)setName:(NSString *)n;
- (NSString *)name;

- (void)setStackSize:(NSUInteger)s;
- (NSUInteger)stackSize;

- (BOOL)isMainThread;
+ (BOOL)isMainThread; // reports whether current thread is main
+ (NSThread *)mainThread;

- (id)init;    // designated initializer
- (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(id)argument;

- (BOOL)isExecuting;
- (BOOL)isFinished;

- (BOOL)isCancelled;
- (void)cancel;

- (void)start;

- (void)main;    // thread body method

+ (void)sleepForTimeInterval:(NSTimeInterval)ti;

- (void)performSelector:(SEL)aSelector
               onThread:(NSThread *)thr
             withObject:(id)arg
          waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait
                  modes:(NSArray *)array;

- (void)performSelectorInBackground:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)arg;

+ (NSArray *)callStackReturnAddresses;

NSProcessInfo

- (unsigned long long)physicalMemory;

- (NSUInteger)processorCount;
- (NSUInteger)activeProcessorCount;

NSCondition

[cond lock];
while (TEST) {
    [cond wait];
}
...
[cond signal]; // or broadcast
[cond unlock];

NSLock logging

2006-07-14 09:17:00.729 MyTestApp *** -[NSConditionLock unlockWithCondition:]: lock (<NSConditionLock: 0x183b3800>)
                        unlocked when not locked
2006-07-14 09:17:00.729 MyTestApp *** Break on _NSLockError() to debug.

NSLock naming

- (void)setName:(NSString *)n;
- (NSString *)name;

Distributed Objects

Distributed Objects and 64 bit

• int, long, long long
• unsigned int, unsigned long, unsigned long long
• float, double

Distributed Objects overflow and underflow behavior

INT_MAX
INT_MIN
UINT_MAX

FLT_MAX
-FLT_MAX
0.f
-0.f

Distributed Objects local signature search sequence

Distributed Objects Tiger compatibility

NSNotFound

Leaks in Distributed Objects plugged

Key Value Coding and Observing (KVC, KVO)

New KVO Options

NSKeyValueObservingOptionInitial = 0x04,

NSKeyValueObservingOptionPrior = 0x08

Support for Key Paths in KVO's Dependency Mechanism (Updated since WWDC 2007)

Better Support in KVO for Properties Added By Categories (Updated since WWDC 2007)

Support in KVO for Cascading Property Dependencies (New since WWDC 2007)

Bug Fix in KVO's Dependency Mechanism

Better Interoperability Between KVO and Class Categories Loaded From Bundles

Support for the Class Type in KVC and KVO

Support for Arbitrary Types in KVC and KVO

typedef struct {
    float x, y, z;
} ThreeFloats;

@interface MyClass

- (void)setThreeFloats:(ThreeFloats)threeFloats;
- (ThreeFloats)threeFloats;

@end

Less Exception Throwing for Zero-Length Keys and Paths in KVC

Support for Debugging of Bad KVO Removal

Support for Debugging of Bad KVO Compliance

Program received signal EXC_BAD_ACCESS, Could not access memory.
Reason: KERN_PROTECTION_FAILURE at address: 0x00000006
0x90285e24 in CFRetain ()
(gdb) bt 4
#0  0x90285e24 in CFRetain ()
#1  0x90b8165c in _NSKeyValueObservationInfoCreateByRemoving ()
#2  0x90b81434 in -[NSObject(NSKeyValueObserverRegistration) _removeObserver:forProperty:] ()
#3  0x90b81324 in -[NSObject(NSKeyValueObserverRegistration) removeObserver:forKeyPath:] ()
#4  0x90b81274 in -[NSObject(NSKeyValueObserverRegistration) removeObserver:forKeyPath:] ()
(More stack frames follow...)
(gdb)

- (void)demonstrateExceptionsForBadKVOCompliance {

    /* Allocate an object that can be used as a key-value observer.
       In a typical Cocoa application using Bindings the observers are usually private
       objects created by the key-value bindings machinery, but any class can be used as a
       key-value observer as long as it implements the -observeValueForKeyPath:ofObject:change:context:
       method properly.
    */
    KeyValueObserver *observer = [[KeyValueObserver alloc] init];

    /* Allocate an instance of a class that has a to-one relationship to a mutable dictionary, keyed
       by "toOneRelationshipWithBadKVOCompliance," but doesn't properly notify key-value observers when
       the dictionary itself is replaced by another dictionary. The use of a mutable dictionary as the
       related object in this example is arbitrary; key-value coding (KVC) and key-value observing work
       with all sorts of objects as long as they are KVC and KVO compliant for the keys in use.
       (Dictionaries are automatically KVC and KVO compliant for all keys.)
    */
    PlentyOProperties *plentyOProperties = [[PlentyOProperties alloc] init];

    /* Start observing an entry in that mutable dictionary. This causes KVO to not only start
       observing the dictionary, but also to register itself as an observer of the plentyOProperties
       object, so it knows when the dictionary has changed and it therefore needs to stop observing
       the old dictionary and start observing the new dictionary.
    */
    [plentyOProperties addObserver:observer forKeyPath:@"toOneRelationshipWithBadKVOCompliance.anyOldKey"
                           options:0 context:NULL];

    /* Change the pointed-to dictionary. For this demonstration we made the PlentyOProperties
       class KVO noncompliant by overriding +automaticallyNotifiesObserversForKey: to turn off
       automatic observer notification and by neglecting to implement a -setToOneRelationshipWithBadKVOCompliance:
       method that does manual observer notification using -willChangeValueForKey: and -didChangeValueForKey:.
       Because PlentyOProperties is not KVO compliant, the KVO mechanism that's used when observing
       key paths doesn't get notified that it should stop observing the old dictionary and start observing
       the new one here.
    */
    [plentyOProperties setValue:[NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithObject:@"anyOldValue" forKey:@"anyOldKey"]
                         forKey:@"toOneRelationshipWithBadKVOCompliance"];

    /* Stop observing what we started observing up above. In Panther and Tiger: Crash! Because KVO itself tries
       to stop observing the newly-related dictionary, but it never started observing it in the first place.
       In Mac OS 10.5: A helpful exception is thrown.
    */
    [plentyOProperties removeObserver: observer forKeyPath:@"toOneRelationshipWithBadKVOCompliance.anyOldKey"];

    /* Etc, etc. */

}

Cannot remove an observer <KeyValueObserver 0x40fdb0> for the key path
"toOneRelationshipWithBadKVOCompliance.anyOldKey" from <PlentyOProperties 0x410a30>,
most likely because the value for the key "toOneRelationshipWithBadKVOCompliance" has
changed without an appropriate KVO notification being sent. Check the KVO-compliance
of the PlentyOProperties class.

Cannot remove an observer <NSKeyValueObservationForwarder 0x3125c0> for the key path "anyOldKey"
from <NSCFDictionary 0x312250> because it is not registered as an observer.

Advice for Fixing One Kind of Bad KVO Compliance

2005-09-04 17:42:16.146 MyTestApp[936] *** -[NSAutoreleasePool dealloc]: Exception ignored while
releasing an object in an autorelease pool: Cannot remove an observer <NSArrayDetailBinder 0x3e48890>
for the key path "myBook.indexMarkersInBook" from <MyDocument 0x439930>, most likely because
the value for the key "myBook" has changed without an appropriate KVO notification being sent.
Check the KVO-compliance of the MyDocument class.

- (Book *) myBook {
    return [[self myChapter] myBook];
}

Bug Fix in Observing A Key Path Of Self

NSBundle

NSBundle Load Errors, Preflighting, and Architecture Detection

NSBundle Loading vs. CFBundle Loading

NSBundle Unloading

NSFileManager

NSFileManager delegates and instances (Updated since WWDC 2007)

- (void)setDelegate:(id)delegate;
- (id)delegate;

NSFileManager copy/move/link/remove API (Updated since WWDC 2007)

- (BOOL)copyItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **)error;
- (BOOL)moveItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **)error;
- (BOOL)linkItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath error:(NSError **)error;
- (BOOL)removeItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError **)error;

- (BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldCopyItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath;
- (BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldProceedAfterError:(NSError *)error
                                                    copyingItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath;

- (BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldMoveItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath;
- (BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldProceedAfterError:(NSError *)error
                                                     movingItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath;

- (BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldLinkItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath;
- (BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldProceedAfterError:(NSError *)error
                                                    linkingItemAtPath:(NSString *)srcPath toPath:(NSString *)dstPath;

- (BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldRemoveItemAtPath:(NSString *)path;
- (BOOL)fileManager:(NSFileManager *)fileManager shouldProceedAfterError:(NSError *)error removingItemAtPath:(NSString *)path;

-[NSFileManager copyPath:toPath:handler:] and ACLs

NSFileManager APIs which return errors (Updated since WWDC 2007)

- (BOOL)setAttributes:(NSDictionary *)attributes ofItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError **)error;
- (BOOL)createSymbolicLinkAtPath:(NSString *)path withDestinationPath:(NSString *)destPath error:(NSError **)error;
- (NSArray *)contentsOfDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError **)error;
- (NSArray *)subpathsOfDirectoryAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError **)error;
- (NSDictionary *)attributesOfItemAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError **)error;
- (NSDictionary *)attributesOfFileSystemForPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError **)error;
- (NSString *)destinationOfSymbolicLinkAtPath:(NSString *)path error:(NSError **)error;
- (BOOL)createDirectoryAtPath:(NSDictionary *)path
              withIntermediateDirectories:(BOOL)createIntermediates
              attributes:(NSDictionary *)attributes
              error:(NSError **)error;

Grammar Checking

- (NSRange)spellServer:(NSSpellServer *)sender checkGrammarInString:(NSString *)stringToCheck
              language:(NSString *)language details:(NSArray **)details;

NSString *NSGrammarRange;
NSString *NSGrammarUserDescription;
NSString *NSGrammarCorrections;

Immutable collections and copy behavior

NSArray *deepCopyOfArray = [someArray copyWithZone:nil];     // deep copy on Tiger

NSArray *deepCopyOfArray = [[NSArray alloc] initWithArray:someArray copyItems:YES];   // explicitly deep copy

Collection construction methods and NS_REQUIRES_NIL_TERMINATION

+[NSArray arrayWithObjects:]
-[NSArray initWithObject:]
+[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:]
-[NSDictionary initWithObjectsAndKeys:]
+[NSSet setWithObjects:]
-[NSSet initWithObjects:]

Order of values in hashing-based collections

NSSet

- (NSSet *)setByAddingObject:(id)anObject;
- (NSSet *)setByAddingObjectsFromSet:(NSSet *)other;
- (NSSet *)setByAddingObjectsFromArray:(NSArray *)other;

NSIndexSet

- (NSUInteger)countOfIndexesInRange:(NSRange)range;

Advice for Invokers of -[NSUndoManager removeAllActions]

NSGeometry.h and converting between CGRect and NSRect

NSRectFromCGRect
NSRectToCGRect
NSPointFromCGPoint
NSPointToCGPoint
NSSizeFromCGSize
NSSizeToCGSize

-[NSData getBytes:range:] and NSRangeExceptions

NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains and Developer directories

+[NSInputStream inputStreamWithData:] (New since WWDC 2007)

NSNetServices

NSNetServices (New since WWDC 2007)

NSDateFormatter

- (NSArray *)longEraSymbols;
- (void)setLongEraSymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)veryShortMonthSymbols;
- (void)setVeryShortMonthSymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)standaloneMonthSymbols;
- (void)setStandaloneMonthSymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)shortStandaloneMonthSymbols;
- (void)setShortStandaloneMonthSymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)veryShortStandaloneMonthSymbols;
- (void)setVeryShortStandaloneMonthSymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)veryShortWeekdaySymbols;
- (void)setVeryShortWeekdaySymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)standaloneWeekdaySymbols;
- (void)setStandaloneWeekdaySymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)shortStandaloneWeekdaySymbols;
- (void)setShortStandaloneWeekdaySymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)veryShortStandaloneWeekdaySymbols;
- (void)setVeryShortStandaloneWeekdaySymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)quarterSymbols;
- (void)setQuarterSymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)shortQuarterSymbols;
- (void)setShortQuarterSymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)standaloneQuarterSymbols;
- (void)setStandaloneQuarterSymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSArray *)shortStandaloneQuarterSymbols;
- (void)setShortStandaloneQuarterSymbols:(NSArray *)array;

- (NSDate *)gregorianStartDate;
- (void)setGregorianStartDate:(NSDate *)date;

New NSNumberFormatter API

- (NSString *)currencyGroupingSeparator;
- (void)setCurrencyGroupingSeparator:(NSString *)string;

- (BOOL)isLenient;
- (void)setLenient:(BOOL)b;

- (BOOL)usesSignificantDigits;        // whether to use the next two or not
- (void)setUsesSignificantDigits:(BOOL)b;

- (NSUInteger)minimumSignificantDigits;
- (void)setMinimumSignificantDigits:(NSUInteger)number;

- (NSUInteger)maximumSignificantDigits;
- (void)setMaximumSignificantDigits:(NSUInteger)number;

- (BOOL)isPartialStringValidationEnabled;
- (void)setPartialStringValidationEnabled:(BOOL)b;

Default Formatter behavior

New NSMachPort API

enum {
    NSMachPortDeallocateNone = 0,
    NSMachPortDeallocateSendRight = (1 << 0),
    NSMachPortDeallocateReceiveRight = (1 << 1)
};

+ (NSPort *)portWithMachPort:(uint32_t)machPort options:(NSUInteger)f;
- (id)initWithMachPort:(uint32_t)machPort options:(NSUInteger)f;

New NSCalendar APIs

- (BOOL)rangeOfUnit:(NSCalendarUnit)unit startDate:(NSDate **)datep
           interval:(NSTimeInterval *)tip forDate:(NSDate *)date;

NSDate *start;
NSTimeInterval length;
Boolean ret = [calendar rangeOfUnit:NSCalendarUnitWeek startDate:&start interval:&length forDate:[NSDate date]];
if (ret) { ...

+ (id)autoupdatingCurrentCalendar;

Chinese calendar still not available

Calendrical computations

Use of NSCalendarDate discouraged

New NSTimeZone API

- (NSTimeInterval)daylightSavingTimeOffsetForDate:(NSDate *)aDate;
- (NSDate *)nextDaylightSavingTimeTransitionAfterDate:(NSDate *)aDate;

- (NSTimeInterval)daylightSavingTimeOffset;
- (NSDate *)nextDaylightSavingTimeTransition;

enum {
    NSTimeZoneNameStyleStandard,
    NSTimeZoneNameStyleShortStandard,
    NSTimeZoneNameStyleDaylightSaving,
    NSTimeZoneNameStyleShortDaylightSaving
};
typedef NSInteger NSTimeZoneNameStyle;

- (NSString *)localizedName:(NSTimeZoneNameStyle)style locale:(NSLocale *)locale;

NSString * const NSSystemTimeZoneDidChangeNotification;

New NSPortNameServer API

- (NSPort *)servicePortWithName:(NSString *)name;

New NSConnection API

+ (id)serviceConnectionWithName:(NSString *)name rootObject:(id)root usingNameServer:(NSPortNameServer *)server;
+ (id)serviceConnectionWithName:(NSString *)name rootObject:(id)root;

New NSRunLoop APIs

+ (NSRunLoop *)mainRunLoop;

NSString * const NSRunLoopCommonModes;

NSURLConnection (Updated since WWDC 2007)

- (NSURLRequest *)connection:(NSURLConnection *)connection
             willSendRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
            redirectResponse:(NSURLResponse *)redirectResponse {
  if (redirectResponse) {
    // Handle the redirection; older code goes here
    ...
  } else {
    // Just being shown the final request prior to transmission
    return request;
  }
}

New NSLocale APIs

+ (NSArray *)commonISOCurrencyCodes;

+ (NSArray *)preferredLanguages;

NSString * const NSCurrentLocaleDidChangeNotification;

+ (id)autoupdatingCurrentLocale;

Methods which take locale arguments

- (NSString *)descriptionWithLocale:(NSDictionary *)locale;        // previously
- (NSString *)descriptionWithLocale:(id)locale;                // now

Avoid NSMessagePort

Avoid 'long double' and '_Complex' types

NSMethodSignature, NSInvocation

NSInvocation notes on setting and retention of arguments and return values (New since WWDC 2007)

New NSMethodSignature API

+ (NSMethodSignature *)signatureWithObjCTypes:(const char *)types;

New NSObject class methods for resolving methods at runtime

New forwarding fast path

- (id)forwardingTargetForSelector:(SEL)sel;

Old forward:: Objective C method

Changes to NSZombie debug mechanism

2006-09-09 19:24:31.122 MyTestApp[402] *** -[NSURLConnection release]: message sent to deallocated instance 0x2141e30

NSPropertyListSerialization (Updated since WWDC 2007)

NSTimeZone names cannot be nil

- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)tzName;
- (id)initWithName:(NSString *)tzName data:(NSData *)aData;

NSDate method behavior changes (Updated since WWDC 2007)

NSString

NSUTF16StringEncoding
NSUTF16BigEndianStringEncoding
NSUTF16LittleEndianStringEncoding
NSUTF32StringEncoding
NSUTF32BigEndianStringEncoding
NSUTF32LittleEndianStringEncoding

- (NSRange)rangeOfComposedCharacterSequencesForRange:(NSRange)range;

enum {
    NSStringEncodingConversionAllowLossy = 1,
    NSStringEncodingConversionExternalRepresentation = 2
};
typedef NSUInteger NSStringEncodingConversionOptions;

- (BOOL)getBytes:(void *)buffer
       maxLength:(NSUInteger)maxBufferCount
      usedLength:(NSUInteger *)usedBufferCount
        encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding
         options:(NSStringEncodingConversionOptions)options
           range:(NSRange)range
  remainingRange:(NSRangePointer)leftover;

- (NSString *)componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:(NSCharacterSet *)set;

- (NSString *)stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)target
                                        withString:(NSString *)replacement
                                           options:(NSUInteger)optionMask
                                             range:(NSRange)searchRange;

- (NSString *)stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:(NSString *)target
                                        withString:(NSString *)replacement;

- (NSString *)stringByReplacingCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range withString:(NSString *)replacement;

- (long long)longLongValue;

- (BOOL)boolValue;

typedef NSUInteger NSStringCompareOptions;

- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)aString options:(NSUInteger)mask range:(NSRange)searchRange locale:(NSLocale *)locale;

NSDiacriticInsensitiveSearch = 128

NSWidthInsensitiveSearch = 256

NSForcedOrderingSearch = 512

- (NSString *)stringByFoldingWithOptions:(NSUInteger)options locale:(NSLocale *)theLocale;

NSString plain text file encoding support

MACINTOSH;0
UTF-8;134217984
UTF-8;
;3071

NSString deprecations

NSAttributedString

NSCharacterSet

NSScanner

- (BOOL)scanHexLongLong:(unsigned long long *)result;

- (BOOL)scanHexFloat:(float *)result;
- (BOOL)scanHexDouble:(double *)result;

CFError

NSError

NSValue

NSPredicate

- (BOOL)evaluateWithObject:(id)object substitutionVariables:(NSDictionary *)variables;

NSCompoundPredicate

NSExpression

Scripting

Improved Error Sensing and Reporting in Scriptability

Bug Fixes in .sdef-Declared Scriptability

tell application "Sketch"
    set theDocument to make new document
    set theWindow to the first window whose name is the name of theDocument
end tell

Bug Fix in -.scriptSuite/.scriptTerminology-Declared Scriptability

Bug Fixes in General Scriptability (Updated since WWDC 2007)

Changed Behavior of -[NSSObject(NSScripting) setScriptingProperties:]  (New since WWDC 2007)

Support for the Hidden Attribute in .sdef-Declared Scriptability

Make Commands with No "At" Parameter and Support for the Insert-At-Beginning Attribute in .sdef-Declared Scriptability (New since WWDC 2007)

Updated Support for the Responds-To Element in .sdef-Declared Scriptability

Support for Dynamic .sdef-Declared Scriptability

// Register to provide .sdef data when asked by apps like Script Editor, or this app's own scripting machinery.
[[NSAppleEventManager sharedAppleEventManager] setEventHandler:self
                                                   andSelector:@selector(handleGetSDEFEvent:withReplyEvent:)
                                                 forEventClass:'ascr'
                                                    andEventID:'gsdf'];

- (void)handleGetSDEFEvent:(NSAppleEventDescriptor *)event withReplyEvent:(NSAppleEventDescriptor *)replyEvent {

    // Our dynamic sdef isn't really that dynamic, but you can see that you have a great deal of flexibility here.
    NSData *sdefData = [NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"Sketch" ofType:@"sdef"]];
    [replyEvent setDescriptor:[NSAppleEventDescriptor descriptorWithDescriptorType:typeUTF8Text data:sdefData]
                   forKeyword:keyDirectObject];

}

Support for Included .sdef-Declared Scriptability (New since WWDC 2007)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE dictionary SYSTEM "file://localhost/System/Library/DTDs/sdef.dtd">

<dictionary title="Sketch Terminology" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">

    <xi:include href="file:///System/Library/ScriptingDefinitions/CocoaStandard.sdef"
                 xpointer="xpointer(/dictionary/suite)"/>

    […Stuff that's not in the Standard Suite, including stuff in the Text Suite, if that's applicable…]

<dictionary>

Support for Class Extension Elements in .sdef-Declared Scriptability (Updated since WWDC 2007)

<class-extension extends="document">
    <cocoa class="SKTDrawDocument"/>
    …
    </class-extension>

Support for Synonym Elements in .sdef-Declared Scriptability (New since WWDC 2007)

Support for Custom Value Types in .sdef-Declared Scriptability

Support for the Missing Value Type in .sdef-Declared Scriptability

<property name="stroke thickness" code="slwd">
    <type type="real"/>
    <type type="missing value"/>
    <cocoa key="scriptingStrokeWidth"/>
</property>

How Support for Complex Types in .sdef-Declared Scriptability Works, and a Bug Fix (New since WWDC 2007)

        <enumeration name="InviteType" code="invt">
            <enumerator name="audio invitation" code="acon">
                <cocoa name="AudioInvitation"/>
            </enumerator>
            <enumerator name="text chat invitation" code="tcon">
                <cocoa name="TextInvitation"/>
            </enumerator>
            <enumerator name="video invitation" code="vcon">
                <cocoa name="VideoInvitation"/>
            </enumerator>
        </enumeration>
        <command name="send" code="ichtsend" description="Sends a message or file to a buddy or to a chat.">
            <cocoa class="SendCommand"/>
            <direct-parameter>
                <type type="text"/>
                <type type="file"/>
                <type type="InviteType" hidden="yes"/>
            </direct-parameter>
            […]
        </command>

Support for Nondefault Enumerator Values in .sdef-Declared Scriptability

        <enumeration name="printing error handling" code="enum">
            <enumerator name="standard" code="lwst" description="Standard PostScript error handling">
                <cocoa boolean-value="NO"/>
            </enumerator>
            <enumerator name="detailed" code="lwdt" description="print a detailed report of PostScript errors">
                <cocoa boolean-value="YES"/>
            </enumerator>
        </enumeration>

        <property name="error handling" code="lweh" type="printing error handling" description="how errors are handled">
            <cocoa key="NSDetailedErrorReporting"/>
        </property>

Support for the "As" Parameter of the Save Command

    <enumeration name="saveable file format" code="savf">
        <enumerator name="Sketch" code="sktc" description="The native Sketch 2 file format">
            <cocoa string-value="com.apple.sketch2"/>
        </enumerator>
        <enumerator name="PDF" code="PDF " description="Portable Document Format">
            <cocoa string-value="com.adobe.pdf"/>
        </enumerator>
        <enumerator name="TIFF" code="TIFF" description="Tagged Image File Format">
            <cocoa string-value="public.tiff"/>
        </enumerator>
    </enumeration>

    <command name="save" code="coresave" description="Save a document.">
        <direct-parameter type="specifier" description="The document(s) or window(s) to save."/>
        <parameter name="in" code="kfil" type="file" optional="yes" description="The file in which to save the document.">
            <cocoa key="File"/>
        </parameter>
        <parameter name="as" code="fltp" type="saveable file format" optional="yes" description="The file format to use.">
            <cocoa key="FileType"/>
        </parameter>
    </command>

    save theDocument in theFile as TIFF

Better Behavior of the Save Command in Unsaved Documents

Support in NSCloneCommand for Making the "To" Parameter of the Duplicate Command Optional

Ending of Undo Manager Groups During Handling of Scripting Commands

New Methods You Can Override to Customize Creation and Copying of Scripting Objects (New since WWDC 2007)

- (id)newScriptingObjectOfClass:(Class)class
                 forValueForKey:(NSString *)key
              withContentsValue:(id)contentsValue
                     properties:(NSDictionary *)properties;

- (id)copyScriptingValue:(id)value forKey:(NSString *)key withProperties:(NSDictionary *)properties;

New Method You Can Override to Customize Object Specifier Evaluation Without Making Up Object Indexes (New since WWDC 2007)

- (id)scriptingValueForSpecifier:(NSScriptObjectSpecifier *)objectSpecifier;

New NSScriptObjectSpecifier Methods for Accessing the Underlying Apple Event Descriptor (New since WWDC 2007)

+ (NSScriptObjectSpecifier *)objectSpecifierWithDescriptor:(NSAppleEventDescriptor *)descriptor;

- (NSAppleEventDescriptor *)descriptor;

New NSScriptClassDescription Methods for Accessing Information from the Class Declaration (New since WWDC 2007)

- (NSString *)implementationClassName;

- (BOOL)hasPropertyForKey:(NSString *)key;
- (BOOL)hasOrderedToManyRelationshipForKey:(NSString *)key;
- (BOOL)hasReadablePropertyForKey:(NSString *)key;
- (BOOL)hasWritablePropertyForKey:(NSString *)key;

New NSScriptCommand Methods for Error Reporting (New since WWDC 2007)

- (void)setScriptErrorOffendingObjectDescriptor:(NSAppleEventDescriptor *)errorOffendingObjectDescriptor;
- (void)setScriptErrorExpectedTypeDescriptor:(NSAppleEventDescriptor *)errorExpectedTypeDescriptor;
- (NSAppleEventDescriptor *)scriptErrorOffendingObjectDescriptor;
- (NSAppleEventDescriptor *)scriptErrorExpectedTypeDescriptor;

New NSPositionalSpecifier Accessor Methods (New since WWDC 2007)

- (NSInsertionPosition)position;
- (NSScriptObjectSpecifier *)objectSpecifier;

Results Now Returned by the Open Command (New since WWDC 2007)

NSURL methods

- initFileURLWithPath:(NSString *)path isDirectory:(BOOL)isDir;
+ (id)fileURLWithPath:(NSString *)path isDirectory:(BOOL)isDir;

Deprecated NSURLHandle

NSJavaSetup.h deprecated

NSInvocation.h API deprecations

+poseAsClass: deprecated

NSCoder.h API deprecated

Deprecated NSRunLoop API

Deprecated defaults constants in NSUserDefaults.h

NSString * const NSWeekDayNameArray;
NSString * const NSShortWeekDayNameArray;
NSString * const NSMonthNameArray;
NSString * const NSShortMonthNameArray;
NSString * const NSTimeFormatString;
NSString * const NSDateFormatString;
NSString * const NSTimeDateFormatString;
NSString * const NSShortTimeDateFormatString;
NSString * const NSCurrencySymbol;
NSString * const NSDecimalSeparator;
NSString * const NSThousandsSeparator;
NSString * const NSDecimalDigits;
NSString * const NSAMPMDesignation;
NSString * const NSHourNameDesignations;
NSString * const NSYearMonthWeekDesignations;
NSString * const NSEarlierTimeDesignations;
NSString * const NSLaterTimeDesignations;
NSString * const NSThisDayDesignations;
NSString * const NSNextDayDesignations;
NSString * const NSNextNextDayDesignations;
NSString * const NSPriorDayDesignations;
NSString * const NSDateTimeOrdering;
NSString * const NSInternationalCurrencyString;
NSString * const NSShortDateFormatString;
NSString * const NSPositiveCurrencyFormatString;
NSString * const NSNegativeCurrencyFormatString;

NSDecimalDigits, NSHourNameDesignations, NSYearMonthWeekDesignations, NSEarlierTimeDesignations, NSLaterTimeDesignations,
NSThisDayDesignations, NSNextDayDesignations, NSNextNextDayDesignations, NSPriorDayDesignations

Removed headers

NSCompatibility.h
NSUtilities.h
NSSerialization.h

Foundation profile binary

Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.4

NSMetadata

NSXMLNode, NSXMLDocument, NSXMLElement, NSXMLDTD, NSXMLDTDNode (Section updated since WWDC)

NSLocale (Section updated since WWDC)

NSCalendar (Section added since WWDC)

NSDateFormatter (Section updated since WWDC)

NSNumberFormatter (Section updated since WWDC)

NSIndexPath

- (id)initWithIndexes:(unsigned int *)indexes length:(unsigned int)length;

- (unsigned int)indexAtPosition:(unsigned int)position;
- (unsigned int)length;

Key-Value Coding and Observing for Sets (Section added since WWDC)

- (unsigned int)countOf<Key>;
- (NSEnumerator *)enumeratorOf<Key>;
- (id)memberOf<Key>;

- (NSSet *)<key>;

- (NSMutableSet *)mutableSetValueForKey:(NSString *)key;
- (NSMutableSet *)mutableSetValueForKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;

- (void)add<Key>Object:(id)objectToAdd;
- (void)remove<Key>Object:(id)objectToRemove;
- (void)add<Key>:(NSSet *)objectsToAdd;
- (void)remove<Key>:(NSSet *)objectsToRemove;
- (void)intersect<Key>:(NSSet *)intersectionObjects;
- (void)set<Key>:(NSSet *)replacementObjects;

typedef enum {
    // The set representing an unordered to-many relationship is being changed using NSMutableSet's
       -unionSet:, -minusSet:, -intersectSet:, or -setSet: method, or something that has the same
       semantics.
    NSKeyValueUnionSetMutation = 1,
    NSKeyValueMinusSetMutation = 2,
    NSKeyValueIntersectSetMutation = 3,
    NSKeyValueSetSetMutation = 4
} NSKeyValueSetMutationKind;

- (void)willChangeValueForKey:(NSString *)key withSetMutation:(NSKeyValueSetMutationKind)mutationKind
    usingObjects:(NSSet *)objects;
- (void)didChangeValueForKey:(NSString *)key withSetMutation:(NSKeyValueSetMutationKind)mutationKind
    usingObjects:(NSSet *)objects;

New Overrides of Public Key-Value Coding Methods By NSSet (Section added since WWDC)

- (id)valueForKey:(NSString *)key;

- (void)setValue:(id)value forKey:(NSString *)key;

Support for New Method Name Patterns in Key-Value Coding for Arrays (Section added since WWDC)

- (NSArray *)<key>AtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes;

- (void)insert<Key>:(NSArray *)objectsToAdd atIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes;
- (void)remove<Key>AtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes;
- (void)replace<Key>AtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes with<Key>:(NSArray *)replacementObjects;

New NSIndexSet-Taking Method in NSArray

- (NSArray *)objectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes;

New NSIndexSet-Taking Methods in NSMutableArray

- (void)insertObjects:(NSArray *)objects atIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes;

- (void)removeObjectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes;

- (void)replaceObjectsAtIndexes:(NSIndexSet *)indexes withObjects:(NSArray *)objects;

Explicit Overriding of Key-Value Observer Registration Methods by NSArray and NSSet

- (void)addObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath
    options:(NSKeyValueObservingOptions)options context:(void *)context;
- (void)removeObserver:(NSObject *)observer forKeyPath:(NSString *)keyPath;

Deprecation of Stored Key-Value Coding Methods

+ (BOOL)useStoredAccessor;
- (id)storedValueForKey:(NSString *)key;
- (void)takeStoredValue:(id)value forKey:(NSString *)key;

Publication of String Constants for Key-Value Coding Array Operator Names

NSString *NSAverageKeyValueOperator;
NSString *NSCountKeyValueOperator;
NSString *NSDistinctUnionOfArraysKeyValueOperator;
NSString *NSDistinctUnionOfObjectsKeyValueOperator;
NSString *NSMaximumKeyValueOperator;
NSString *NSMinimumKeyValueOperator;
NSString *NSSumKeyValueOperator;
NSString *NSUnionOfArraysKeyValueOperator;
NSString *NSUnionOfObjectsKeyValueOperator;

Bug Fix in Key-Value Coding

[[NSArray arrayWithObject:[NSDictionary dictionary]] valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.anyOldKey"]

Bug Fix in Key-Value Observing for -description Methods (Section added since WWDC)

Bug Fix in Key-Value Observing for Nested WillChange/DidChange Sequences (Section added since WWDC)

    [observedObject addObserver:observer forKeyPath:@"someProperty" options:0 context:NULL];
    [observedObject willChangeValueForKey:@"someProperty"];
    [observedObject willChangeValueForKey:@"someProperty"];
    [observedObject didChangeValueForKey:@"someProperty"];
            // Observer is sent two -observeValueForKeyPath:... messages. It should be sent one.
    [observedObject didChangeValueForKey:@"someProperty"];
            // Observer is sent zero -observeValueForKeyPath:... messages.
            // It should be sent one (unless the first -observeValueForKeyPath:... invoked
            // [observedObject removeObserver:observer forKeyPath:@"someProperty"]).

NSAppleEventDescriptor Changes

Key Value Observing and Cocoa Scripting

Bug Fixes in NSScriptCommand Suspending and Resuming

Cocoa Scripting Support for .sdef Files

/* Starts a resolve for the NSNetService of a finite duration. If your delegate is called before the
timeout expires, the resolve can be considered successful. If the resolve times out, your
netService:didNotResolve:  callback will be called with the appropriate error dictionary.
*/
- (void)resolveWithTimeout:(NSTimeInterval)timeout;

NSNetServices TXT record support

/* Allows the developer to use an NSData containing arbitrary bytes as the TXT record.
Returns YES if the data is successfully set as the TXT record. Returns NO if it cannot be set.
*/
- (BOOL)setTXTRecordData:(NSData *)recordData;
- (NSData *)TXTRecordData;

/* TXT record data can be presented either as an NSData or an NSDictionary of key-value pairs.
It's very useful to be able to convert between the two. NSNetService provides a pair of class methods
to do this conversion. Each returns nil in the event that the conversion cannot take place.
*/
+ (NSDictionary *)dictionaryFromTXTRecordData:(NSData *)txtData;
+ (NSData *)dataFromTXTRecordDictionary:(NSDictionary *)txtDictionary;

NSNetServices TXT record update observation

/* These calls control whether an NSNetService will watch for TXT record updates, notification
of which would be delivered to the delegate on the netServiceDidUpdateTXTRecord: method in the
NSNetServiceDelegateMethods category.
*/
- (void)startMonitoring;
- (void)stopMonitoring;

/* Called to inform the delegate that the TXT record associated with the sending NSNetService
object has updated. txtData contains the new TXT record as an NSData.
*/
- (void)netService:(NSNetService *)sender didUpdateTXTRecordData:(NSData *)txtData;

NSNetServices Publishing

- (void)netServiceDidPublish:(NSNetService *)sender;

NSNetServicesTimeoutError = -72007

NSDirectoryEnumerator (Section added since WWDC)

Performance Improvement in Keyed Archiving

Performance Improvement in Notification Posting

NSNumber (Section added since WWDC)

NSString

NSString cString API deprecation

- (unsigned)maximumLengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc;
- (unsigned)lengthOfBytesUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc;

- (const char *)cStringUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;
- (BOOL)getCString:(char *)buffer maxLength:(unsigned)maxBufferCount encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;

- (id)initWithCString:(const char *)nullTerminatedCString encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;
+ (id)stringWithCString:(const char *)cString encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc;

- (id)initWithBytesNoCopy:(void *)bytes length:(unsigned)len
      encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding freeWhenDone:(BOOL)freeBuffer;

- (id)initWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;
- (id)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;
+ (id)stringWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;
+ (id)stringWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;

- (id)initWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url usedEncoding:(NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error;
- (id)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path usedEncoding:(NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error;
+ (id)stringWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url usedEncoding:(NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error;
+ (id)stringWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path usedEncoding:(NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error;

- (BOOL)writeToURL:(NSURL *)url atomically:(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile
        encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;
- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile
        encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error;

- (const char *)cString;
- (const char *)lossyCString;
- (unsigned)cStringLength;
- (void)getCString:(char *)bytes;
- (void)getCString:(char *)bytes maxLength:(unsigned)max;
- (void)getCString:(char *)bytes maxLength:(unsigned)max range:(NSRange)rg remainingRange:(NSRangePointer)rem;

+ (id)stringWithCString:(const char *)bytes length:(unsigned)length;
+ (id)stringWithCString:(const char *)bytes;

+ (id)stringWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path;
+ (id)stringWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url;

- (id)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path;
- (id)initWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url;

- (id)initWithCStringNoCopy:(char *)bytes length:(unsigned)length freeWhenDone:(BOOL)freeBuffer;
- (id)initWithCString:(const char *)bytes length:(unsigned)length;
- (id)initWithCString:(const char *)bytes;

- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(BOOL)flag;
- (BOOL)writeToURL:(NSURL *)url atomically:(BOOL)flag;

NSAttributedString

NSAttributedString mutation of attributes warning (Section added since WWDC)

NSCocoaErrorDomain

NSString *const NSCocoaErrorDomain;

NSError (Section updated since WWDC)

- (NSString *)localizedRecoverySuggestion;

- (NSArray *)localizedRecoveryOptions;

- (NSArray *)localizedFailureReason;

- (id)recoveryAttempter;

NSString *const NSRecoveryAttempterErrorKey;

- (void)attemptRecoveryFromError:(NSError *)error optionIndex:(unsigned int)recoveryOptionIndex
          delegate:(id)delegate didRecoverSelector:(SEL)didRecoverSelector contextInfo:(void *)contextInfo;

- (BOOL)attemptRecoveryFromError:(NSError *)error optionIndex:(unsigned int)recoveryOptionIndex;

Additional NSError notes (Section added since WWDC)

- (BOOL)aMethod:... error:(NSError **)errorPtr {
    BOOL success;
    NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
    ...
    success = [someObj anotherMethod:...  error:errorPtr];
    ...
    if (!success && errorPtr) [*errorPtr retain];        // Extend the lifetime of the error
    [pool release];
    if (!success && errorPtr) [*errorPtr autorelease];
    return success;
}

NSData (Section added since WWDC)

enum {    // Options for NSData reading methods
    NSMappedRead = 1,        // Hint to map the file in if possible
    NSUncachedRead = 2        // Hint to get the file not to be cached in the kernel
};

enum {    // Options for NSData writing methods
    NSAtomicWrite = 1        // Hint to use auxiliary file when saving; equivalent to atomically:YES
};

+ (id)dataWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path options:(unsigned)readOptionsMask error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
+ (id)dataWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url options:(unsigned)readOptionsMask error:(NSError **)errorPtr;

- (id)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path options:(unsigned)readOptionsMask error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
- (id)initWithContentsOfURL:(NSURL *)url options:(unsigned)readOptionsMask error:(NSError **)errorPtr;

- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path options:(unsigned)writeOptionsMask error:(NSError **)errorPtr;
- (BOOL)writeToURL:(NSURL *)url options:(unsigned)writeOptionsMask error:(NSError **)errorPtr;

NSAffineTransform (Section added since WWDC)

Using NSURLRequest for requests with large bodies

NSUserDefaults (Section added since WWDC)

Locale support in C library (Section added since WWDC)

64-bit Note (Section added since WWDC)

API Deprecations (Section added since WWDC)

Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.3

NSInputStream and NSOutputStream

NSError

NSXMLParser

NSNotificationCenter

New NSDistributedNotificationCenter API

- (void)postNotificationName:(NSString *)name
         object:(NSString *)object
         userInfo:(NSDictionary *)userInfo
         options:(unsigned)options;

NSIndexSet

NSSortDescriptor

@interface NSArray (NSSortDescriptorSorting)
- (NSArray *)sortedArrayUsingDescriptors:(NSArray *)sortDescriptors;
@end

@interface NSMutableArray (NSSortDescriptorSorting)
- (void)sortUsingDescriptors:(NSArray *)sortDescriptors;
@end

NSValueTransformer

URL Classes

Key Value Coding

Different Behavior In -valueForKey: When Sent To NSArrays and NSDictionaries

Support for NSValue Types and More NSNumber Types in -valueForKey: and -setValue:forKey:

Bug Fix in Conversion of kAENo and kAEYes Enumeration Descriptors to NSNumbers

Bug Fixes in Automatic Loading of Script Suites

Bug Fix in Registration of Standard Suite Commands

Bug Fix in Evaluation of NSSpecifierTests

Bug Fixes in Support for Make Commands That Have No "At" Parameter

tell application "Mail"
    set theNewMessage to make new outgoing message with properties {visible:true}
    tell theNewMessage
        make to recipient with properties {name:"Nobody", address:"nobody@nowhere.com"}
    end tell
end tell

tell application "TextEdit"
    set theFile to choose file
    tell front document
        make attachment with properties {file name:theFile}
    end tell
end tell

More Useful Behavior of -[NSAppleEventDescriptor description]

Accessing the Current Apple Event

- (NSAppleEventDescriptor *)currentAppleEvent;

- (NSAppleEventDescriptor *)currentReplyAppleEvent;

Accessing the Current Script Command

+ (NSScriptCommand *)currentCommand;

Accessing a Script Command's Apple Event

- (NSAppleEventDescriptor *)appleEvent;

Suspending and Resuming of Apple Event Handling

- (NSAppleEventManagerSuspensionID)suspendCurrentAppleEvent;

- (NSAppleEventDescriptor *)appleEventForSuspensionID:(NSAppleEventManagerSuspensionID)suspensionID;

- (NSAppleEventDescriptor *)replyAppleEventForSuspensionID:(NSAppleEventManagerSuspensionID)suspensionID;

- (void)setCurrentAppleEventAndReplyEventWithSuspensionID:(NSAppleEventManagerSuspensionID)suspensionID;

- (void)resumeWithSuspensionID:(NSAppleEventManagerSuspensionID)suspensionID;

Suspending and Resuming of Script Command Execution

- (void)suspendExecution;

- (void)resumeExecutionWithResult:(id)result;

NSNetServiceBrowser

NSFileManager

Obsolete public headers -- source compatibility

Header #include changes -- source compatibility

Added version number constant

#define NSFoundationVersionNumber10_2 462.0

NSPropertyListSerialization and irregular real number values

NSTimeZone and obsolescent time zones

Byte swapping functions

NSHost

NSProcessInfo -globallyUniqueString

Subclasses of keyed archiving better supported

NSCalendarDate functionality to avoid

NSCalendarDate and the Japanese Imperial and Thai calendars

Localized formats data improvements

    NSMonthNameArray, NSShortMonthNameArray, NSShortWeekDayNameArray,
    NSWeekDayNameArray, NSAMPMDesignation, NSDateFormatString,
    NSShortDateFormatString, NSTimeFormatString, NSTimeDateFormatString,
    NSShortTimeDateFormatString, NSDecimalDigits, NSDecimalSeparator,
    NSThousandsSeparator, NSCurrencySymbol, NSInternationalCurrencyString,
    NSPositiveCurrencyFormatString, NSNegativeCurrencyFormatString

Alternate NSCalendarDate format spec

Foundation language data obsolescent

Future number, date, and time formatting changes

Some leaks fixed for 10.3 applications

NSScanner

NSString

- (void)getParagraphStart:(unsigned *)startPtr
         end:(unsigned *)parEndPtr
         contentsEnd:(unsigned *)contentsEndPtr
         forRange:(NSRange)range;

- (NSRange)paragraphRangeForRange:(NSRange)range;

- (id)initWithBytes:(const void *)bytes length:(unsigned)len encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc;
- (id)initWithBytesNoCopy:(void *)bytes length:(unsigned)len encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc freeWhenDone:(BOOL)flag;

Avoid "cString" methods in NSString

NSString (NSPathUtilities)

NSAttributedString

NSNumber

Boolean NSNumber objects and archiving

NSValue

NSCharacterSet

Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.2

NSNetServices

NSNetService - publishing

- (id)initWithDomain:(NSString *)domain type:(NSString *)type name:(NSString *)name port:(int)port;

- (void)netServiceWillPublish:(NSNetService *)sender;
- (void)netService:(NSNetService *)sender didNotPublish:(NSDictionary *)errorDict;
- (void)netServiceDidStop:(NSNetService *)sender;

NSNetService - resolving

- (void)resolve;

- (void)netServiceWillResolve:(NSNetService *)sender;
- (void)netServiceDidResolveAddress:(NSNetService *)sender;
- (void)netService:(NSNetService *)sender didNotResolve:(NSDictionary *)errorDict;

- (void)netServiceDidStop:(NSNetService *)sender;

- (NSArray *) addressing;

NSNetServiceBrowser

- (void)netServiceBrowserWillSearch:(NSNetServiceBrowser *)aNetServiceBrowser;

- (void)netServiceBrowser:(NSNetServiceBrowser *)aNetServiceBrowser didNotSearch:(NSDictionary *)errorDict;

- (void)searchForAllDomains;
- (void)searchForRegistrationDomains;

- (void)searchForServicesOfType:(NSString *)type inDomain:(NSString *)domainString;

- (void)netServiceBrowser:(NSNetServiceBrowser *)aNetServiceBrowser didFindDomain:(NSString *)domainString moreComing:(BOOL)moreComing;
- (void)netServiceBrowser:(NSNetServiceBrowser *)aNetServiceBrowser didFindService:(NSNetService *)aNetService moreComing:(BOOL)moreComing;

- (void)netServiceBrowser:(NSNetServiceBrowser *)aNetServiceBrowser didRemoveDomain:(NSString *)domainString moreComing:(BOOL)moreComing;
- (void)netServiceBrowser:(NSNetServiceBrowser *)aNetServiceBrowser didRemoveService:(NSNetService *)aNetService moreComing:(BOOL)moreComing;

A note about type strings

NSFileManager

New attribute constants

Fix for -[NSUndoManager removeAllActionsWithTarget:]

NSBundle additions

- (BOOL)isLoaded;
- (NSDictionary *)localizedInfoDictionary;
- (id)objectForInfoDictionaryKey:(NSString *)key;
- (NSString *)developmentLocalization;
+ (NSArray *)preferredLocalizationsFromArray:(NSArray *)localizationsArray forPreferences:(NSArray *)preferencesArray;

NSLocalizedStringWithDefaultValue

NSSocketPortNameServer

Miscellaneous New APIs in Foundation

    Foundation.h

    NSArray

    - (void)exchangeObjectAtIndex:(unsigned)idx1 withObjectAtIndex:(unsigned)idx2;

    NSCoder

    NSData

    + (id)dataWithBytesNoCopy:(void *)bytes length:(unsigned)length freeWhenDone:(BOOL)b;
    - (id)initWithBytesNoCopy:(void *)bytes length:(unsigned)length freeWhenDone:(BOOL)b;

    - (void)replaceBytesInRange:(NSRange)range withBytes:(const void *)replacementBytes
                length:(unsigned)replacementLength;

    NSObject

    NSRunLoop

    NSSerialization

    NSThread

    NSTimer

    - (id)initWithFireDate:(NSDate *)date interval:(NSTimeInterval)ti
                target:(id)t selector:(SEL)s userInfo:(id)ui repeats:(BOOL)rep;

    - (void)setFireDate:(NSDate *)date;

C99's bool type

Property List Validation

Methods and Functions which take SEL Arguments Now Check for NULL

NSClassFromString() and NSStringFromClass()

The NSMakeAllCollectionsMutable Preference

NSZone Functionality

-[NSArray removeObjectsFromIndices:numIndices:]

The Methods -respondsToSelector: & -isKindOfClass: and the Collection Classes

Dictionary Descriptions and Sorted Keys

XML Property List Version

Coding Clarified for NSDistantObject, NSInvocation, and NSPort

-[NSCalendarDate classForCoder]

NSProcessInfo and String Encodings

NSArchiver and Posing Classes

Parsing NSDecimalNumber from Strings Changed Slightly

NSNumberFormatters and Zero

Leaks

-[NSURL initFileURLWithPath:]

-[NSCalendarDate years:months:days:hours:minutes:seconds:sinceDate:]

NSHost & IPv6

New methods for performing selectors on the main thread

- (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait modes:(NSArray *)array;
- (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait;

NSInvocation and Structure Types Containing Pointers

NSInvocation and char and short and long long arguments

+[NSUserDefaults resetStandardUserDefaults] Change

-[NSSocketPort initRemoteWithTCPPort:host:] and IP Addresses

NSString is now a lot better about raising exceptions with bad arguments

compare: and related methods
substringWithRange: and related methods
rangeOfCharacterFromSet: and related methods
rangeOfString: and related methods (including hasSuffix:, hasPrefix:)
getLineStart:end:contentsEnd:
characterAtIndex:
getCharacters:range:
initWithString: and initWithFormat:...
stringByAppendingString: and stringByAppendingFormat:
various NSMutableString mutation methods

NSString

- (NSString *)stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:(NSCharacterSet *)set;

- (NSString *)stringByPaddingToLength:(unsigned)newLength withString:(NSString *)padString startingAtIndex:(unsigned)padIndex;

[@"abc" stringByPaddingToLength:9 withString:@"." startingAtIndex:0]  ->  "abc......"
[@"abc" stringByPaddingToLength:2 withString:@"." startingAtIndex:0]  ->  "ab"
[@"abc" stringByPaddingToLength:9 withString:@". " startingAtIndex:1] ->  "abc . . ."

NSString

NSCharacterSet

NSKeyedUnarchiver, NSUnarchiver and Decoded Objects' Lifetime

Keyed Archiving and Foundation Classes

The New Archiving Mechanism in Cocoa

Making Classes Keyed-Codeable

New Coding Methods

Naming Values

Coders Which Support Keyed-Coding

Class Versioning

The Non-Keyed-Coding NSCoder Methods

Return Values for Missing Keys

Type Coercions

Data Types For Which There Is No Keyed-Coding Method

Array of Simple Types

Arrays of Objects

Pointers

char * Pointers

Structures

Arrays of Aggregates or Pointers

Bitfields

struct {
    unsigned int isContinuous:1;
    unsigned int style:6;
    unsigned int isThrobbing:1;
    unsigned int hasImage:1;
    unsigned int hasText:1;
    unsigned int isBeingPressed:1;
    unsigned int isSwitch:1;
    unsigned int isRadio:1;
    unsigned int isSelected:1;
    unsigned int delegateRespondsToFooMethod:1;
    unsigned int delegateRespondsToBarMethod:1;
    unsigned int delegateRespondsToBazMethod:1;
    unsigned int windowIsMain:1;
    unsigned unused:14;
} _flags;

#define CONT_SHIFT        0
#define SWITCH_SHIFT        1
#define RADIO_SHIFT        2
#define SELECTED_SHIFT    3
#define STYLE_SHIFT        4
#define STYLE_MASK        0x3f

int bits = 0;

bits |= (_flags.isContinuous << CONT_SHIFT);
bits |= (_flags.isSwitch << SWITCH_SHIFT);
bits |= (_flags.isRadio << RADIO_SHIFT);
bits |= (_flags.isSelected << SELECTED_SHIFT);
bits |= (_flags.style << STYLE_SHIFT);

[encoder encodeInt:bits forKey:@"com.mycompany.MyButton flags"];

int bits;

bits = [decoder decodeIntForKey:@"com.mycompany.MyButton flags"];
_flags.isContinuous = (bits >> CONT_SHIFT) & 0x1;
_flags.isSwitch = (bits >> SWITCH_SHIFT) & 0x1;
_flags.isRadio = (bits >> RADIO_SHIFT) & 0x1;
_flags.isSelected = (bits >> SELECTED_SHIFT) & 0x1;
_flags.style = (bits >> STYLE_SHIFT) & STYLE_MASK;

Putting it together: Converting the Coding Methods

Converting Coding Methods After a Class Has Been Archived to Keyed Archives

Compatibility Strategies

Anticipating Changes

Coping With The Past

Other Keyed-Coding Notes

Performance Considerations

Root Objects

Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.1

Versioning

#define NSFoundationVersionNumber10_0 397.4

NSFileManager

- (BOOL)fileExtensionHidden

- (OSType)fileHFSCreatorCode
- (OSType)fileHFSTypeCode

- (NSString *)displayNameAtPath:(NSString *)path

NSInvocation Excess Retain on Returned Value

Changes to Immutable Collections

Nesting alloc and init

// Example of bad code! Always nest alloc and init!
dict = [NSDictionary alloc];
[dict init];

dict = [[NSDictionary alloc] init];

dict = [NSDictionary alloc];
dict = [dict init];

-setObject:forKey: sent to an uninitialized mutable dictionary object

-initWithContentsOf methods

Copying Collections Clarified

- (id)copyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
    return [[NSDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self copyItems:YES];
}

- (id)mutableCopyWithZone:(NSZone *)zone {
    return [[NSMutableDictionary allocWithZone:zone] initWithDictionary:self copyItems:NO];
}

    [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithDictionary:idToBeCopied copyItems:NO]

Copying Collections

NSFileHandle Descriptor Leak

NSNumberFormatter Leak

NSZombieEnabled Issues

NSLog() Thread-Safety

NSLog() Banner Changed

NSTimeZone +timeZoneWithAbbreviation:

NSSelectorFromString() Allows nil

NSData and CFData Hash Values

Copied Booleans Keep Type

NSMutableArray -removeObjectsInArray: fixed

NSNumberFormatter

Accessing User Preferences in setuid Processes

NSUserDefaults removeVolatileDomainForName:

dict = [defaults volatileDomainForName: NSArgumentDomain];
if (nil != dict) {
    [defaults removeVolatileDomainForName: NSArgumentDomain];
}

Unicode 3.1 surrogate support

NSString

NSURL/NSURLHandle

NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.apple.com/"];
NSURLHandle *handle = [url URLHandleUsingCache:NO];
NSData *pageData;
[handle writeProperty:@"MyApp/1.0" forKey:@"User-Agent"];
pageData = [handle resourceData];

Notes specific to Mac OS X 10.0

API Changes Since Mac OS X Public Beta Summary

New Header Files

New Methods

Changed Methods

Toll-free Bridging

Property Lists

Default Property List Written Format Changed to XML

Using Strings Files and Legacy Property Lists

NSString

NSURL

NSFormatter

- (BOOL)isPartialStringValid:(NSString **)partialStringPtr
    proposedSelectedRange:(NSRangePointer)proposedSelRangePtr
    originalString:(NSString *)origString
    originalSelectedRange:(NSRange)origSelRange
    errorDescription:(NSString **)error;

HFS File Type Strings

"'<HFS Four Character File Type Code>'"

NSString *NSFileTypeForHFSTypeCode(OSType hfsFileTypeCode);

OSType NSHFSTypeCodeFromFileType(NSString *fileTypeString);

NSString *NSHFSTypeOfFile(NSString *fullFilePath);

Cocoa Scripting

Merging of Frameworks

Binary Incompatibility for Subclassers of NSScriptSuiteRegistry

Removed NSAppleEventManager Method

Commands with Non-Object Direct Parameters

Enumeration Values

NOTE: It is not yet possible to use enumeration values as object attributes.

    Enumerations = {
        SaveOptions = {
            AppleEventCode = savo;
            Enumerators = {Ask = "ask "; No = "no  "; Yes = "yes "; };
        };
    };

    Enumerations = {
        SaveOptions = {
            Ask = {Description = "Ask the user whether or not to save the file."; Name = ask; };
            No = {Description = "Do not save the file."; Name = no; };
            Yes = {Description = "Save the file."; Name = yes; };
        };
    };

        Close = {
            AppleEventClassCode = core;
            AppleEventCode = clos;
            Arguments = {
                File = {AppleEventCode = kfil; Optional = YES; Type = NSString; };
                SaveOptions = {AppleEventCode = savo; Optional = YES; Type = "NSNumber<SaveOptions>"; };
            };
            CommandClass = NSCloseCommand;
            Type = "";
        };

    NSNumber *saveOptionsAsNumber = [[closeCommand evaluatedArguments] objectForKey:@"SaveOptions"];
    OSType saveOptions = [saveOptionsAsNumber longValue];
    switch (saveOptions) {
        case 'ask ':
            // Ask the user whether or not to save the file.
            break;
        case 'no  ':
            // Don't save the file.
            break;
        case 'yes ':
            // Save the file without asking.
            break;
    }

    Commands = {
        Announce = {
            AppleEventClassCode = cses;
            AppleEventCode = annc;
            CommandClass = CSEAnnounceCommand;
            ResultAppleEventCode = reat;
            Type = "NSNumber<AnnouncementReaction>";
        };
    };
    Enumerations = {
        AnnouncementReaction = {
            AppleEventCode = reat;
            Enumerators = {Bad = "bad "; Good = good; Indifferent = indi; };
        };
    };

    // The reaction to the announcement was good.
    return [NSNumber numberWithLong:'good'];

Boolean Values

NOTE: It is not yet possible to use boolean values as object attributes.

        Announce = {
            AppleEventClassCode = cses;
            AppleEventCode = annc;
            Arguments = {
                Beep = {AppleEventCode = beep; Optional = YES; Type = "NSNumber<Bool>"; };
            };
            CommandClass = CSEAnnounceCommand;
            ResultAppleEventCode = reat;
            Type = "NSNumber<AnnouncementReaction>";
        };

    BOOL beep;
    NSNumber *beepAsNumber = [[announceCommand evaluatedArguments] objectForKey:@"Beep"];
        if (beepAsNumber) {
            beep = [beepAsNumber boolValue];
        }

        Exists = {
            AppleEventClassCode = core;
            AppleEventCode = doex;
            CommandClass = NSExistsCommand;
            ResultAppleEventCode = bool;
            Type = "NSNumber<Bool>";
        };

    // The object specified in an Exists command does exist.
    return [NSNumber numberWithBool:YES];

Notes Specific to Mac OS X Public Beta

New Map and Hash Table Enumeration Functions

NXZone APIs Undefined

NSSpellServer API Moved

Suspension APIs in NSDistributedNotificationCenter Note

New NSBundle API

Key-Value Coding in Foundation

Notes Specific to Mac OS X Developer Preview 4

Changes to the Objective C runtime in Mac OS X Developer Preview 4 from Preview 3

Removed Functionality

Obsolete Functionality

NXZone APIs

Cautions for the Future of the Objective C Runtime API

Other Cautionary Notes

Changes to Foundation in Mac OS X Developer Preview 4 from Preview 3

NSUserDefaults

NSDebug.h API

Miscellaneous API Changes

NSUndoManager

Changes in Mac OS X Developer Preview 3 from Preview 2

New API in NSUserDefaults

Changes in Mac OS X Developer Preview 2 from Preview 1

More Distributed Objects API changes

NSUserDefaults

Other Changes

Changes between Mac OS X Server Release 1 and Mac OS X Developer Preview 1

"Toll-free" Bridging with CF Types

Cross-host Distributed Objects Unavailable

New Port Name Server Class

Added Methods

Deleted Methods

Other Changes