# share() Shares the output of an upstream publisher with multiple subscribers. ``` func share() -> Publishers.Share ``` ## Return Value A class instance that shares elements received from its upstream to multiple subscribers. ## Discussion The publisher returned by this operator supports multiple subscribers, all of whom receive unchanged elements and completion states from the upstream publisher. > Tip: ``doc://com.apple.Combine/documentation/Combine/Publishers/Share`` is effectively a combination of the ``doc://com.apple.Combine/documentation/Combine/Publishers/Multicast`` and ``doc://com.apple.Combine/documentation/Combine/PassthroughSubject`` publishers, with an implicit ``doc://com.apple.Combine/documentation/Combine/ConnectablePublisher/autoconnect()``. The following example uses a sequence publisher as a counter to publish three random numbers, generated by a [`map(_:)`](/documentation/Combine/Publisher/map(_:)-99evh) operator. It uses a [`share()`](/documentation/Combine/Publisher/share()) operator to share the same random number to each of two subscribers. This example uses a [`delay(for:tolerance:scheduler:options:)`](/documentation/Combine/Publisher/delay(for:tolerance:scheduler:options:)) operator only to prevent the first subscriber from exhausting the sequence publisher immediately; an asynchronous publisher wouldn’t need this. ``` let pub = (1...3).publisher .delay(for: 1, scheduler: DispatchQueue.main) .map( { _ in return Int.random(in: 0...100) } ) .print("Random") .share() cancellable1 = pub .sink { print ("Stream 1 received: \($0)")} cancellable2 = pub .sink { print ("Stream 2 received: \($0)")} // Prints: // Random: receive value: (20) // Stream 1 received: 20 // Stream 2 received: 20 // Random: receive value: (85) // Stream 1 received: 85 // Stream 2 received: 85 // Random: receive value: (98) // Stream 1 received: 98 // Stream 2 received: 98 ``` Without the [`share()`](/documentation/Combine/Publisher/share()) operator, stream 1 receives three random values, followed by stream 2 receiving three different random values. Also note that [`Publishers.Share`](/documentation/Combine/Publishers/Share) is a class rather than a structure like most other publishers. This means you can use this operator to create a publisher instance that uses reference semantics. --- Copyright © 2026 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. | [Terms of Use](https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/terms/site.html) | [Privacy Policy](https://www.apple.com/privacy/privacy-policy)