# Transaction Information that represents the customer’s purchase of a product in your app. ``` struct Transaction ``` ## Overview A *transaction* represents a successful In-App Purchase. The App Store generates a transaction each time a customer purchases an In-App Purchase product or renews a subscription. For each transaction that represents a current purchase, your app unlocks the purchased content or service and finishes the transaction. Use the `Transaction` type to perform these transaction-related tasks: - Get the customer’s transaction history, latest transactions, and current entitlements to unlock content and services. - Access transaction properties. - Finish a transaction after your app delivers the purchased content or service. - Access the raw JSON Web Signature (JWS) string and supporting values to verify the transaction information. - Listen for new transactions while the app is running. - Begin a refund request from within your app. ### Access transaction history and current entitlements Your app doesn’t create transaction objects. Instead, StoreKit automatically makes up-to-date transactions available to your app, including when someone launches the app for the first time. > Related sessions from WWDC22: > Session 110404: [Implement proactive in-app purchase restore](https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/110404/) You access transactions in several ways: - Get transaction history anytime by accessing the static [`all`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/all) sequence, or get just the most recent transaction for a product with the [`latestTransaction`](/documentation/StoreKit/Product/latestTransaction) property of [`Product`](/documentation/StoreKit/Product). - Receive notifications for new transactions while your app is running when customers complete a purchase outside of the app, including on another device, through the transaction listener, [`updates`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/updates). - Access the latest transaction for a subscription group through the subscription status API, using [`transaction`](/documentation/StoreKit/Product/SubscriptionInfo/Status-swift.struct/transaction). - After a successful In-App Purchase, StoreKit returns the transaction through [`Product.PurchaseResult.success(_:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/Product/PurchaseResult/success(_:)). The most important use of transaction information is for determining which In-App Purchases the customer has paid access to, so your app can unlock the content or service. The [`currentEntitlements`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/currentEntitlements) API provides the information you need to unlock all of the customer’s paid content in your app. Use `currentEntitlements` to get a list of transactions for all the products the customer is currently entitled to, including non-consumable In-App Purchases and currently active subscriptions. ### Verify transactions The App Store cryptographically signs transaction information in JWS format. StoreKit automatically validates and returns the signed information, wrapped in a [`VerificationResult`](/documentation/StoreKit/VerificationResult). When the `VerificationResult` wraps a `Transaction` value, it provides the raw JWS string in the [`jwsRepresentation`](/documentation/StoreKit/VerificationResult/jwsRepresentation-21vgo) property. If you get a transaction through [`VerificationResult.verified(_:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/VerificationResult/verified(_:)), the information passed validation. If you get it through [`VerificationResult.unverified(_:_:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/VerificationResult/unverified(_:_:)), the information didn’t pass StoreKit’s automatic validation. Your app can immediately access the transaction information in the [Transaction properties](/documentation/StoreKit/transaction-properties). To perform your own validation on the device, use the verification result’s [`jwsRepresentation`](/documentation/StoreKit/VerificationResult/jwsRepresentation-21vgo) string, and use the provided convenience properties [`headerData`](/documentation/StoreKit/VerificationResult/headerData-9egfp), [`payloadData`](/documentation/StoreKit/VerificationResult/payloadData-uyle), and [`signatureData`](/documentation/StoreKit/VerificationResult/signatureData-4pyv8). For added control and security, send the `jwsRepresentation` to your server to verify. Consider using the App Store Server Library to implement your verification. The library provides the functions `verifyAndDecodeTransaction` and `verifyAndDecodeRenewalInfo` in each language the library supports. For more information, see . > Tip: > The ``doc://com.apple.storekit/documentation/StoreKit/VerificationResult/jwsRepresentation-21vgo`` is the same as the that the returns and to the that you receive in . You can validate them on your server in the same way. If StoreKit returns a transaction as verified, the transaction is valid for the device. For information about performing your own verification for a device, see [`deviceVerification`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/deviceVerification). For more information about JWS, see the [IETF RFC 7515](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7515) specification. ### Access purchases made with the original API All In-App Purchases that customers make are equally available to your app in this `Transaction` API, and in receipts using the [Original API for In-App Purchase](/documentation/StoreKit/original-api-for-in-app-purchase), as follows: - New purchases that customers make with the original API are available immediately using the `Transaction` API. - Purchases that customers make with the [`purchase(options:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/Product/purchase(options:)) method are available in the original API when your app refreshes the receipt. For more information, see [`SKReceiptRefreshRequest`](/documentation/StoreKit/SKReceiptRefreshRequest). ## Topics ### Transaction properties [Transaction properties](/documentation/StoreKit/transaction-properties) The properties of a transaction, including identifiers, purchase and revocation dates and details, status, and offer details. [`appTransactionID`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/appTransactionID) The unique identifier of the app download transaction. ### Monitoring transaction-related changes [`updates`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/updates) The asynchronous sequence that emits a transaction when the system creates or updates transactions that occur outside the app or on other devices. [`Transaction.Transactions`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/Transactions) An asynchronous sequence of transactions. ### Getting transaction history [`latest(for:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/latest(for:)) Gets the customer’s most recent transaction for an In-App Purchase. [`all`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/all) A sequence that emits all the customer’s transactions for your app. [`unfinished`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/unfinished) A sequence that emits unfinished transactions for the customer. ### Getting current entitlements [`currentEntitlements`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/currentEntitlements) A sequence of the latest transactions that entitle a customer to In-App Purchases and subscriptions. ### Getting transactions for a product [`all(for:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/all(for:)) Gets all the transactions associated with this product ID. ### Finishing the transaction [`finish()`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/finish()) Indicates to the App Store that the app delivered the purchased content or enabled the service to finish the transaction. [`unfinished`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/unfinished) A sequence that emits unfinished transactions for the customer. ### Verifying transactions [`deviceVerification`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/deviceVerification) The device verification value you use to verify whether the transaction belongs to the device. [`deviceVerificationNonce`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/deviceVerificationNonce) The UUID for computing the device verification value. [`signedDate`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/signedDate) The date that the App Store signed the JWS transaction. ### Getting transaction info in JSON format [`jsonRepresentation`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/jsonRepresentation) The JSON representation of the transaction information. ### Requesting refunds [Testing refund requests](/documentation/StoreKit/testing-refund-requests) Test your app’s implementation of refund requests, and your app’s and server’s handling of approved and declined refunds. [`beginRefundRequest(in:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/beginRefundRequest(in:)-9k0pj) Presents the refund request sheet for the transaction in a window scene. [`beginRefundRequest(in:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/beginRefundRequest(in:)-63bvd) Presents the refund request sheet for the transaction in a view controller. [`beginRefundRequest(for:in:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/beginRefundRequest(for:in:)-65tph) Presents the refund request sheet for the specified transaction in a window scene. [`beginRefundRequest(for:in:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/beginRefundRequest(for:in:)-9mscy) Presents the refund request sheet for the specified transaction in a view controller. [`Transaction.RefundRequestError`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/RefundRequestError) The error codes for refund requests. [`Transaction.RefundRequestStatus`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/RefundRequestStatus) The status codes for refund requests. ### Advanced Commerce transaction data [`advancedCommerceInfo`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/advancedCommerceInfo-swift.property) Metadata for transactions that use the Advanced Commerce API. [`Transaction.AdvancedCommerceInfo`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/AdvancedCommerceInfo-swift.struct) Metadata for transactions that use the Advanced Commerce API. ### Getting offer types [`Transaction.OfferType`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/OfferType-swift.struct) The types of offers that apply to a transaction. ### Deprecated [`currentEntitlement(for:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/currentEntitlement(for:)) Gets the latest transactions that entitle the customer to a specified product. [`currentEntitlements(for:)`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/currentEntitlements(for:)) Gets the transactions that entitle the user to items purchased under a product ID. [`offerPeriodStringRepresentation`](/documentation/StoreKit/Transaction/offerPeriodStringRepresentation) The string representation of the offer period applied to the subscription offer for this transaction. --- Copyright © 2026 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. | [Terms of Use](https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/terms/site.html) | [Privacy Policy](https://www.apple.com/privacy/privacy-policy)