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利用 Swift Testing 进一步优化测试
了解如何使用 Swift Testing 的内置功能编写一系列出色的 (测试) 套件。探索如何进一步优化构建块并借助它们来扩展测试以涵盖更多场景,如何按不同的套件对测试进行分门别类,以及如何优化你的测试以并行运行。
章节
- 0:00 - Introduction
- 0:36 - Why we write tests
- 0:51 - Challenges in testing
- 1:21 - Writing expressive code
- 1:35 - Expectations
- 3:58 - Required expectations
- 4:29 - Tests with known issues
- 5:54 - Custom test descriptions
- 7:23 - Parameterized testing
- 12:47 - Organizing tests
- 12:58 - Test suites
- 13:33 - The tag trait
- 20:38 - Xcode Cloud support
- 21:09 - Testing in parallel
- 21:36 - Parallel testing basics
- 24:26 - Asynchronous conditions
- 26:32 - Wrap up
资源
- Adding tests to your Xcode project
- Forum: Developer Tools & Services
- Improving code assessment by organizing tests into test plans
- Running tests and interpreting results
- Swift Testing
- Swift Testing GitHub repository
- Swift Testing vision document
相关视频
WWDC24
WWDC21
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0:01 - Successful throwing function
// Expecting errors import Testing @Test func brewTeaSuccessfully() throws { let teaLeaves = TeaLeaves(name: "EarlGrey", optimalBrewTime: 4) let cupOfTea = try teaLeaves.brew(forMinutes: 3) }
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0:02 - Validating a successful throwing function
import Testing @Test func brewTeaSuccessfully() throws { let teaLeaves = TeaLeaves(name: "EarlGrey", optimalBrewTime: 4) let cupOfTea = try teaLeaves.brew(forMinutes: 3) #expect(cupOfTea.quality == .perfect) }
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0:03 - Validating an error is thrown with do-catch (not recommended)
import Testing @Test func brewTeaError() throws { let teaLeaves = TeaLeaves(name: "EarlGrey", optimalBrewTime: 3) do { try teaLeaves.brew(forMinutes: 100) } catch is BrewingError { // This is the code path we are expecting } catch { Issue.record("Unexpected Error") } }
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0:04 - Validating a general error is thrown
import Testing @Test func brewTeaError() throws { let teaLeaves = TeaLeaves(name: "EarlGrey", optimalBrewTime: 4) #expect(throws: (any Error).self) { try teaLeaves.brew(forMinutes: 200) // We don't want this to fail the test! } }
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0:05 - Validating a type of error
import Testing @Test func brewTeaError() throws { let teaLeaves = TeaLeaves(name: "EarlGrey", optimalBrewTime: 4) #expect(throws: BrewingError.self) { try teaLeaves.brew(forMinutes: 200) // We don't want this to fail the test! } }
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0:06 - Validating a specific error
import Testing @Test func brewTeaError() throws { let teaLeaves = TeaLeaves(name: "EarlGrey", optimalBrewTime: 4) #expect(throws: BrewingError.oversteeped) { try teaLeaves.brew(forMinutes: 200) // We don't want this to fail the test! } }
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0:07 - Complicated validations
import Testing @Test func brewTea() { let teaLeaves = TeaLeaves(name: "EarlGrey", optimalBrewTime: 4) #expect { try teaLeaves.brew(forMinutes: 3) } throws: { error in guard let error = error as? BrewingError, case let .needsMoreTime(optimalBrewTime) = error else { return false } return optimalBrewTime == 4 } }
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0:08 - Throwing expectation
import Testing @Test func brewAllGreenTeas() { #expect(throws: BrewingError.self) { brewMultipleTeas(teaLeaves: ["Sencha", "EarlGrey", "Jasmine"], time: 2) } }
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0:09 - Required expectations
import Testing @Test func brewAllGreenTeas() throws { try #require(throws: BrewingError.self) { brewMultipleTeas(teaLeaves: ["Sencha", "EarlGrey", "Jasmine"], time: 2) } }
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0:10 - Control flow of validating an optional value (not recommended)
import Testing struct TeaLeaves {symbols let name: String let optimalBrewTime: Int func brew(forMinutes minutes: Int) throws -> Tea { ... } } @Test func brewTea() throws { let teaLeaves = TeaLeaves(name: "Sencha", optimalBrewTime: 2) let brewedTea = try teaLeaves.brew(forMinutes: 100) guard let color = brewedTea.color else { Issue.record("Tea color was not available!") } #expect(color == .green) }
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0:11 - Failing test with a throwing function
import Testing @Test func softServeIceCreamInCone() throws { try softServeMachine.makeSoftServe(in: .cone) }
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0:12 - Disabling a test with a throwing function (not recommended)
import Testing @Test(.disabled) func softServeIceCreamInCone() throws { try softServeMachine.makeSoftServe(in: .cone) }
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0:13 - Wrapping a failing test in withKnownIssue
import Testing @Test func softServeIceCreamInCone() throws { withKnownIssue { try softServeMachine.makeSoftServe(in: .cone) } }
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0:14 - Wrap just the failing section in withKnownIssue
import Testing @Test func softServeIceCreamInCone() throws { let iceCreamBatter = IceCreamBatter(flavor: .chocolate) try #require(iceCreamBatter != nil) #expect(iceCreamBatter.flavor == .chocolate) withKnownIssue { try softServeMachine.makeSoftServe(in: .cone) } }
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0:15 - Simple enumerations
import Testing enum SoftServe { case vanilla, chocolate, pineapple }
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0:16 - Complex types
import Testing struct SoftServe { let flavor: Flavor let container: Container let toppings: [Topping] } @Test(arguments: [ SoftServe(flavor: .vanilla, container: .cone, toppings: [.sprinkles]), SoftServe(flavor: .chocolate, container: .cone, toppings: [.sprinkles]), SoftServe(flavor: .pineapple, container: .cup, toppings: [.whippedCream]) ]) func softServeFlavors(_ softServe: SoftServe) { /*...*/ }
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0:17 - Conforming to CustomTestStringConvertible
import Testing struct SoftServe: CustomTestStringConvertible { let flavor: Flavor let container: Container let toppings: [Topping] var testDescription: String { "\(flavor) in a \(container)" } } @Test(arguments: [ SoftServe(flavor: .vanilla, container: .cone, toppings: [.sprinkles]), SoftServe(flavor: .chocolate, container: .cone, toppings: [.sprinkles]), SoftServe(flavor: .pineapple, container: .cup, toppings: [.whippedCream]) ]) func softServeFlavors(_ softServe: SoftServe) { /*...*/ }
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0:18 - An enumeration with a computed property
extension IceCream { enum Flavor { case vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, mintChip, rockyRoad, pistachio var containsNuts: Bool { switch self { case .rockyRoad, .pistachio: return true default: return false } } } }
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0:19 - A test function for a specific case of an enumeration
import Testing @Test func doesVanillaContainNuts() throws { try #require(!IceCream.Flavor.vanilla.containsNuts) }
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0:20 - Separate test functions for all cases of an enumeration
import Testing @Test func doesVanillaContainNuts() throws { try #require(!IceCream.Flavor.vanilla.containsNuts) } @Test func doesChocolateContainNuts() throws { try #require(!IceCream.Flavor.chocolate.containsNuts) } @Test func doesStrawberryContainNuts() throws { try #require(!IceCream.Flavor.strawberry.containsNuts) } @Test func doesMintChipContainNuts() throws { try #require(!IceCream.Flavor.mintChip.containsNuts) } @Test func doesRockyRoadContainNuts() throws { try #require(!IceCream.Flavor.rockyRoad.containsNuts) }
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0:21 - Parameterizing a test with a for loop (not recommended)
import Testing extension IceCream { enum Flavor { case vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, mintChip, rockyRoad, pistachio } } @Test func doesNotContainNuts() throws { for flavor in [IceCream.Flavor.vanilla, .chocolate, .strawberry, .mintChip] { try #require(!flavor.containsNuts) } }
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0:22 - Swift testing parameterized tests
import Testing extension IceCream { enum Flavor { case vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, mintChip, rockyRoad, pistachio } } @Test(arguments: [IceCream.Flavor.vanilla, .chocolate, .strawberry, .mintChip]) func doesNotContainNuts(flavor: IceCream.Flavor) throws { try #require(!flavor.containsNuts) }
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0:23 - 100% test coverage
import Testing extension IceCream { enum Flavor { case vanilla, chocolate, strawberry, mintChip, rockyRoad, pistachio } } @Test(arguments: [IceCream.Flavor.vanilla, .chocolate, .strawberry, .mintChip]) func doesNotContainNuts(flavor: IceCream.Flavor) throws { try #require(!flavor.containsNuts) } @Test(arguments: [IceCream.Flavor.rockyRoad, .pistachio]) func containNuts(flavor: IceCream.Flavor) { #expect(flavor.containsNuts) }
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0:24 - A parameterized test with one argument
import Testing enum Ingredient: CaseIterable { case rice, potato, lettuce, egg } @Test(arguments: Ingredient.allCases) func cook(_ ingredient: Ingredient) async throws { #expect(ingredient.isFresh) let result = try cook(ingredient) try #require(result.isDelicious) }
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0:26 - Adding a second argument to a parameterized test
import Testing enum Ingredient: CaseIterable { case rice, potato, lettuce, egg } enum Dish: CaseIterable { case onigiri, fries, salad, omelette } @Test(arguments: Ingredient.allCases, Dish.allCases) func cook(_ ingredient: Ingredient, into dish: Dish) async throws { #expect(ingredient.isFresh) let result = try cook(ingredient) try #require(result.isDelicious) try #require(result == dish) }
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0:28 - Using zip() on arguments
import Testing enum Ingredient: CaseIterable { case rice, potato, lettuce, egg } enum Dish: CaseIterable { case onigiri, fries, salad, omelette } @Test(arguments: zip(Ingredient.allCases, Dish.allCases)) func cook(_ ingredient: Ingredient, into dish: Dish) async throws { #expect(ingredient.isFresh) let result = try cook(ingredient) try #require(result.isDelicious) try #require(result == dish) }
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0:29 - Suites
@Suite("Various desserts") struct DessertTests { @Test func applePieCrustLayers() { /* ... */ } @Test func lavaCakeBakingTime() { /* ... */ } @Test func eggWaffleFlavors() { /* ... */ } @Test func cheesecakeBakingStrategy() { /* ... */ } @Test func mangoSagoToppings() { /* ... */ } @Test func bananaSplitMinimumScoop() { /* ... */ } }
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0:30 - Nested suites
import Testing @Suite("Various desserts") struct DessertTests { @Suite struct WarmDesserts { @Test func applePieCrustLayers() { /* ... */ } @Test func lavaCakeBakingTime() { /* ... */ } @Test func eggWaffleFlavors() { /* ... */ } } @Suite struct ColdDesserts { @Test func cheesecakeBakingStrategy() { /* ... */ } @Test func mangoSagoToppings() { /* ... */ } @Test func bananaSplitMinimumScoop() { /* ... */ } } }
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0:31 - Separate suites
@Suite struct DrinkTests { @Test func espressoExtractionTime() { /* ... */ } @Test func greenTeaBrewTime() { /* ... */ } @Test func mochaIngredientProportion() { /* ... */ } } @Suite struct DessertTests { @Test func espressoBrownieTexture() { /* ... */ } @Test func bungeoppangFilling() { /* ... */ } @Test func fruitMochiFlavors() { /* ... */ } }
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0:32 - Separate suites
@Suite struct DrinkTests { @Test func espressoExtractionTime() { /* ... */ } @Test func greenTeaBrewTime() { /* ... */ } @Test func mochaIngredientProportion() { /* ... */ } } @Suite struct DessertTests { @Test func espressoBrownieTexture() { /* ... */ } @Test func bungeoppangFilling() { /* ... */ } @Test func fruitMochiFlavors() { /* ... */ } }
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0:35 - Using a tag
import Testing extension Tag { @Tag static var caffeinated: Self } @Suite(.tags(.caffeinated)) struct DrinkTests { @Test func espressoExtractionTime() { /* ... */ } @Test func greenTeaBrewTime() { /* ... */ } @Test func mochaIngredientProportion() { /* ... */ } } @Suite struct DessertTests { @Test(.tags(.caffeinated)) func espressoBrownieTexture() { /* ... */ } @Test func bungeoppangFilling() { /* ... */ } @Test func fruitMochiFlavors() { /* ... */ } }
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0:36 - Declare and use a second tag
import Testing extension Tag { @Tag static var caffeinated: Self @Tag static var chocolatey: Self } @Suite(.tags(.caffeinated)) struct DrinkTests { @Test func espressoExtractionTime() { /* ... */ } @Test func greenTeaBrewTime() { /* ... */ } @Test(.tags(.chocolatey)) func mochaIngredientProportion() { /* ... */ } } @Suite struct DessertTests { @Test(.tags(.caffeinated, .chocolatey)) func espressoBrownieTexture() { /* ... */ } @Test func bungeoppangFilling() { /* ... */ } @Test func fruitMochiFlavors() { /* ... */ } }
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0:37 - Two tests with an unintended data dependency (not recommended)
import Testing // ❌ This code is not concurrency-safe. var cupcake: Cupcake? = nil @Test func bakeCupcake() async { cupcake = await Cupcake.bake(toppedWith: .frosting) // ... } @Test func eatCupcake() async { await eat(cupcake!) // ... }
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0:38 - Serialized trait
import Testing @Suite("Cupcake tests", .serialized) struct CupcakeTests { var cupcake: Cupcake? @Test func mixingIngredients() { /* ... */ } @Test func baking() { /* ... */ } @Test func decorating() { /* ... */ } @Test func eating() { /* ... */ } }
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0:39 - Serialized trait with nested suites
import Testing @Suite("Cupcake tests", .serialized) struct CupcakeTests { var cupcake: Cupcake? @Suite("Mini birthday cupcake tests") struct MiniBirthdayCupcakeTests { // ... } @Test(arguments: [...]) func mixing(ingredient: Food) { /* ... */ } @Test func baking() { /* ... */ } @Test func decorating() { /* ... */ } @Test func eating() { /* ... */ } }
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0:40 - Using async/await in a test
import Testing @Test func bakeCookies() async throws { let cookies = await Cookie.bake(count: 10) try await eat(cookies, with: .milk) }
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0:41 - Using a function with a completion handler in a test (not recommended)
import Testing @Test func bakeCookies() async throws { let cookies = await Cookie.bake(count: 10) // ❌ This code will run after the test function returns. eat(cookies, with: .milk) { result, error in #expect(result != nil) } }
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0:42 - Replacing a completion handler with an asynchronous function call
import Testing @Test func bakeCookies() async throws { let cookies = await Cookie.bake(count: 10) try await eat(cookies, with: .milk) }
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0:43 - Using withCheckedThrowingContinuation
import Testing @Test func bakeCookies() async throws { let cookies = await Cookie.bake(count: 10) try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { continuation in eat(cookies, with: .milk) { result, error in if let result { continuation.resume(returning: result) } else { continuation.resume(throwing: error) } } } }
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0:44 - Callback that invokes more than once (not recommended)
import Testing @Test func bakeCookies() async throws { let cookies = await Cookie.bake(count: 10) // ❌ This code is not concurrency-safe. var cookiesEaten = 0 try await eat(cookies, with: .milk) { cookie, crumbs in #expect(!crumbs.in(.milk)) cookiesEaten += 1 } #expect(cookiesEaten == 10) }
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0:45 - Confirmations on callbacks that invoke more than once
import Testing @Test func bakeCookies() async throws { let cookies = await Cookie.bake(count: 10) try await confirmation("Ate cookies", expectedCount: 10) { ateCookie in try await eat(cookies, with: .milk) { cookie, crumbs in #expect(!crumbs.in(.milk)) ateCookie() } } }
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0:46 - Confirmation that occurs 0 times
import Testing @Test func bakeCookies() async throws { let cookies = await Cookie.bake(count: 10) try await confirmation("Ate cookies", expectedCount: 0) { ateCookie in try await eat(cookies, with: .milk) { cookie, crumbs in #expect(!crumbs.in(.milk)) ateCookie() } } }
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