Has the codesign syntax changed recently?
Yes, but that’s not what’s going on here [1].
The command you included is not right. Specifically, you’ve added the --entitlements option but not included a path to the entitlements file. If you want to sign with entitlements you need this:
codesign -s 123456789 --options runtime --timestamp --force --deep --entitlements /path/to/your.entitlements "pathtoobject"
If you don’t want to sign with entitlements, remove the --entitlements option completely.
Also, don’t include the --deep flag. --deep Considered Harmful explains why that’s a problem.
For further guidance on how to sign code manually, see Signing a Mac Product For Distribution.
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Quinn “The Eskimo!” @ Developer Technical Support @ Apple
let myEmail = "eskimo" + "1" + "@" + "apple.com"
[1] The syntax for displaying code signatures changed in macOS 12, in that to get XML output you must now include the --xml flag.