The definition of excludedRoutes: excludedRoutes The IPv4 network traffic that the system routes to the primary physical interface, not the TUN interface. Makes it clear that they should not be sent to the TUN interface. This is not what's happening. If we define neither includeAllNetworks nor enforceRoutes, then the excludedRoutes are properly excluded. If we define either includeAllNetworks or enforceRoutes, then the excludedRoutes are ignored, and all traffic gets tunneled. We tested every combination of the enforceRoutes, includeAllNetworks, excludeLocalNetworks, and overridePrimary options. We can provide logs showing the network settings provided to the Network Extension framework at start time, along with the protocol settings, as well as the traffic from the excluded network going to the VPN extension.