Older thread on this topic: https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/133038
On Ventura, I'm getting the exit code 78 again. Using SMLoginItemEnabled set to false does not fix it nor removing it using launchctl. I've also had reports of this from users out in the field so it's not a dev machine issue.
It isn't always consistent as some users have reported that the helper does launch but there are XPC issues later. It does feel as if something really broke in this subsystem.
Console is not showing anything interesting though I can post an excerpt if you really want to see it.