Enterprise App Crashes on Launch on iOS 18.3.2

We have an office application used internally within our enterprise. The Provisioning Profiles (PP) for the app were about to expire, so we updated the PP and released a new version. However, we've encountered an issue where some users did not update their phones in time. After the app expired, they found it unusable and downloaded the new version, but the newly downloaded app also crashes on launch. Restarting the phone does not resolve the issue, and this primarily occurs on iOS 18.3.2. What could be the cause of this problem, and how should we address it?