It did make sense, and thank you, CartoonSmart employee!
I came into additional insights that may help a future visitor to this thread. One was a certain configuration of our product that caused trouble:
We have at least two build targets, "fast" and "slow". They are identical builds of the product, but the "fast" target does some file wizardry that causes it to build in minutes rather than the hour that the slow build takes.
When a person creates an App Extension to an existing project, they use Xcode's "Editor > Add Target" menu item.
This involves a screen with seven fields: Product Name, Team, Organization Name, Organization Identifier, Bundle Identifier, Project, and Embed In Application.
Little did I realize that you only get to choose one Target as the Embed In Application selection, so -- choosing the "slow" target initially, I was baffled for quite a while that the Build Scheme that I made to include the "fast" target didn't engage the stickers.
But there is hope! xcodeproj files can be edited, and the Embed In Application field merely modifies a PBXContainerItemProxy.files list. If you copy the entry that is made in one target's PBXContainerItemProxy into the other one, the App Extension becomes successfully embedded into both targets.