I can see that a MacOS VM guest running on top of an Apple Silicon MacOS host has GPU acceleration - indicating GPU sharing capabilities for the hardware.
Is there also a way to have GPU acceleration in Linux guests (with Vulkan/Mesa drivers)?
GPU acceleration in Linux VMs? (Apple Silicon)
Some virtual machine software packages do have GPU acceleration for Linux.
Just as one example, the open source project libkrun does Linux GPU acceleration for Vulkan.
See https://github.com/containers/krunkit/ which is using libkrun (mentioned above). Its authors made a number of presentations about it.