I get this question a lot (typically by folks who care about WWAN, not Wi-Fi, but it's a direct map from one to the other) and the answer is always the same: using the link speed to estimate the network transfer rate is a bad idea, at least in the general case. The problem is that the link speed is rarely a good estimate of the actual transfer rate to your server.
The classic example of this is the Apple commuter shuttles, where the on-board Wi-Fi is backed by a WWAN uplink. However, there are many others. A particularly relevant one these days is the Personal Hotspot integration provided by iOS 8.
The approach I recommend—and it's the approach that Apple uses in HTTP Live Streaming—is to dynamically calculate the recent effective transfer rate as you do the transfer.
Finally, just to answer your specific question, there is no supported way to get information about the Wi-Fi interface (Wi-Fi technology, signal bars, channel, and so on).
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Quinn "The Eskimo!"
Apple Developer Relations, Developer Technical Support, Core OS/Hardware
let myEmail = "eskimo" + "1" + "@apple.com"