I’d like to display to the user their remaining time but can’t seem to find where to pull this information from.
While there is not a way to do this directly using a DeviceActivityCenter or any of the DeviceActivityEvent APIs, you can create a DeviceActivityReport and configure its filter so that your app's DeviceActivityReportExtension gets usage data for the tokens in your DeviceActivityEvent. Your extension can then subtract the totalActivityDuration from the event's threshold in seconds to get the remaining amount of time.