The option to turn this on is grayed out on iPhone 6s but is available on my iPad Pro 9.7 and late 2013 Macbook Pro. I have tried rebooting the phone (slide to power off as well as holding the sleep and home button) and have tried signing out of iCloud and turning iMessage off. I can't figure out how to get the option to be available. On a side note, my iPad Pro turned on the option instantly but my Macbook Pro sits on a spinning logo when I click the switch and hasn't actually turned on. Any ideas? I updated OTA.
Sorry, didn't know anyone replied to my post (didn't receive an email or anything). Anyway, no, mine didn't show that but my solution was to fully wipe my iPhone and reinstall ios 11 then restore the new ios 11 backup of my iPad Pro (since my iPad would turn on "sync messages to icloud" just fine) and that did it. It was a royal pain since I have to further tune my iPhone back to how it used to be but luckily I keep both relatively the same and I'm pretty used to doing that from prior ios beta and jailbreak experience on previous iPhones. My Macbook Pro eventually allowed the setting to turn on and when i updated my Mac Mini, it also wouldn't turn on "sync messages to icloud" however it was actually giving me an error so I let it sit for a couple days and just tried to turn on the setting again today and it turned on instantly. So my guess is that it took my Mac Mini way too long to actually connect to iCloud fully but eventually it did and the "sync messages to iCloud" setting will now turn on. I don't know why my iPhone "sync" setting wouldn't turn on... I'm just glad I thought about restoring my iPad's backup (had to do that in the past and fixed the issue I had back then).
Funny quirks but messages on 100% of my devices are all syncing to iCloud now so TOTALLY worth it. If only WatchOS had this feature.