Codificação guiada: aprimore um app usando a concorrência do Swift

6:29 - Asynchronously loading the selected photo from the photo library

func loadPhoto(_ item: SelectedPhoto) async {
    var data: Data? = try? await item.loadTransferable(type: Data.self)

    if let cachedData = getCachedData(for: item.id) { data = cachedData }

    guard let data else { return }
    processedPhotos[item.id] = Image(data: data)

    cacheData(item.id, data)
}

6:59 - Calling an asynchronous function when the SwiftUI View appears

StickerPlaceholder()
    .task {
        await viewModel.loadPhoto(selectedPhoto)
    }

9:45 - Synchronously extracting the sticker and the colors from a photo

func loadPhoto(_ item: SelectedPhoto) async {
    var data: Data? = try? await item.loadTransferable(type: Data.self)

    if let cachedData = getCachedData(for: item.id) { data = cachedData }

    guard let data else { return }
    processedPhotos[item.id] = PhotoProcessor().process(data: data)

    cacheData(item.id, data)
}

9:56 - Storing the processed photo in the dictionary

var processedPhotos = [SelectedPhoto.ID: ProcessedPhoto]()

10:45 - Displaying the sticker with a gradient background in the carousel

import SwiftUI
import PhotosUI

struct StickerCarousel: View {
    @State var viewModel: StickerViewModel
    @State private var sheetPresented: Bool = false

    var body: some View {
        ScrollView(.horizontal) {
            LazyHStack(spacing: 16) {
                ForEach(viewModel.selection) { selectedPhoto in
                    VStack {
                        if let processedPhoto = viewModel.processedPhotos[selectedPhoto.id] {
                            GradientSticker(processedPhoto: processedPhoto)
                        } else if viewModel.invalidPhotos.contains(selectedPhoto.id) {
                            InvalidStickerPlaceholder()
                        } else {
                            StickerPlaceholder()
                                .task {
                                    await viewModel.loadPhoto(selectedPhoto)
                                }
                        }
                    }
                    .containerRelativeFrame(.horizontal)
                }
            }
        }
        .configureCarousel(
            viewModel,
            sheetPresented: $sheetPresented
        )
        .sheet(isPresented: $sheetPresented) {
            StickerGrid(viewModel: viewModel)
        }
    }
}

14:13 - Allowing photo processing to run on the background thread

nonisolated struct PhotoProcessor {
 
    let colorExtractor = ColorExtractor()

    @concurrent
    func process(data: Data) async -> ProcessedPhoto? {
        let sticker = extractSticker(from: data)
        let colors = extractColors(from: data)

        guard let sticker = sticker, let colors = colors else { return nil }

        return ProcessedPhoto(sticker: sticker, colorScheme: colors)
    }

    private func extractColors(from data: Data) -> PhotoColorScheme? {
        // ...
    }

    private func extractSticker(from data: Data) -> Image? {
        // ...
    }
}

15:31 - Running the photo processing operations off the main thread

func loadPhoto(_ item: SelectedPhoto) async {
    var data: Data? = try? await item.loadTransferable(type: Data.self)

    if let cachedData = getCachedData(for: item.id) { data = cachedData }

    guard let data else { return }
    processedPhotos[item.id] = await PhotoProcessor().process(data: data)

    cacheData(item.id, data)
}

20:55 - Running sticker and color extraction in parallel.

nonisolated struct PhotoProcessor {

    @concurrent
    func process(data: Data) async -> ProcessedPhoto? {
        async let sticker = extractSticker(from: data)
        async let colors = extractColors(from: data)

        guard let sticker = await sticker, let colors = await colors else { return nil }

        return ProcessedPhoto(sticker: sticker, colorScheme: colors)
    }

    private func extractColors(from data: Data) -> PhotoColorScheme? {
        let colorExtractor = ColorExtractor()
        return colorExtractor.extractColors(from: data)
    }

    private func extractSticker(from data: Data) -> Image? {
        // ...
    }
}

24:20 - Applying the visual effect on each sticker in the carousel

import SwiftUI
import PhotosUI

struct StickerCarousel: View {
    @State var viewModel: StickerViewModel
    @State private var sheetPresented: Bool = false

    var body: some View {
        ScrollView(.horizontal) {
            LazyHStack(spacing: 16) {
                ForEach(viewModel.selection) { selectedPhoto in
                    VStack {
                        if let processedPhoto = viewModel.processedPhotos[selectedPhoto.id] {
                            GradientSticker(processedPhoto: processedPhoto)
                        } else if viewModel.invalidPhotos.contains(selectedPhoto.id) {
                            InvalidStickerPlaceholder()
                        } else {
                            StickerPlaceholder()
                                .task {
                                    await viewModel.loadPhoto(selectedPhoto)
                                }
                        }
                    }
                    .containerRelativeFrame(.horizontal)
                    .visualEffect { [selection = viewModel.selection] content, proxy in
                        let frame = proxy.frame(in: .scrollView(axis: .horizontal))
                        let distance = min(0, frame.minX)
                        let isLast = selectedPhoto.id == selection.last?.id
                        
                        return content
                            .hueRotation(.degrees(frame.origin.x / 10))
                            .scaleEffect(1 + distance / 700)
                            .offset(x: isLast ? 0 : -distance / 1.25)
                            .brightness(-distance / 400)
                            .blur(radius: isLast ? 0 : -distance / 50)
                            .opacity(isLast ? 1.0 : min(1.0, 1.0 - (-distance / 400)))
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        .configureCarousel(
            viewModel,
            sheetPresented: $sheetPresented
        )
        .sheet(isPresented: $sheetPresented) {
            StickerGrid(viewModel: viewModel)
        }
    }
}

26:15 - Accessing a reference type from a concurrent task

Task { @concurrent in
    await viewModel.loadPhoto(selectedPhoto)      
}

29:00 - Processing all photos at once with a task group

func processAllPhotos() async {
    await withTaskGroup { group in
        for item in selection {
            guard processedPhotos[item.id] == nil else { continue }
            group.addTask {
                let data = await self.getData(for: item)
                let photo = await PhotoProcessor().process(data: data)
                return photo.map { ProcessedPhotoResult(id: item.id, processedPhoto: $0) }
            }
        }

        for await result in group {
            if let result {
                processedPhotos[result.id] = result.processedPhoto
            }
        }
    }
}

30:00 - Kicking off photo processing and configuring the share link in a sticker grid view.

import SwiftUI

struct StickerGrid: View {
    let viewModel: StickerViewModel
    @State private var finishedLoading: Bool = false

    var body: some View {
        NavigationStack {
            VStack {
                if finishedLoading {
                    GridContent(viewModel: viewModel)
                } else {
                    ProgressView()
                        .frame(maxWidth: .infinity, maxHeight: .infinity)
                        .padding()
                }
            }
            .task {
                await viewModel.processAllPhotos()
                finishedLoading = true
            }
            .toolbar {
                ToolbarItem(placement: .topBarTrailing) {
                    if finishedLoading {
                        ShareLink("Share", items: viewModel.selection.compactMap {
                            viewModel.processedPhotos[$0.id]?.sticker
                        }) { sticker in
                            SharePreview(
                                "Sticker Preview",
                                image: sticker,
                                icon: Image(systemName: "photo")
                            )
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            .configureStickerGrid()
        }
    }
}