Leve o Swift Charts para a terceira dimensão

Leve o Swift Charts para a terceira dimensão

Saiba como transformar seus gráficos 2D do Swift Charts em gráficos 3D com o Chart3D e visualizar seus conjuntos de dados de perspectivas completamente novas. Exiba seus dados em 3D, visualize superfícies matemáticas e personalize tudo, da câmera aos materiais, para deixar seus gráficos 3D mais intuitivos e agradáveis.

Para aproveitar ao máximo esta sessão, recomendamos que você esteja com a criação de gráficos 2D usando o Swift Charts.

Capítulos
- 0:00 - Introdução
- 1:54 - Criar em 3D
- 5:05 - Gráficos de superfície
- 7:03 - Personalização
Recursos
Vídeos relacionados

WWDC24
- Swift Charts: Vectorized and function plots
WWDC22
- Design an effective chart
- Design app experiences with charts

2:03 - A scatterplot of a penguin's flipper length and weight

// A scatterplot of a penguin's flipper length and weight

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct PenguinChart: View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart(penguins) { penguin in
      PointMark(
        x: .value("Flipper Length", penguin.flipperLength),
        y: .value("Weight", penguin.weight)
      )
      .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Species", penguin.species))
    }
    .chartXAxisLabel("Flipper Length (mm)")
    .chartYAxisLabel("Weight (kg)")
    .chartXScale(domain: 160...240)
    .chartYScale(domain: 2...7)
    .chartXAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [160, 180, 200, 220, 240]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartYAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
  }
}

2:39 - A scatterplot of a penguin's beak length and weight

// A scatterplot of a penguin's beak length and weight

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct PenguinChart: View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart(penguins) { penguin in
      PointMark(
        x: .value("Beak Length", penguin.beakLength),
        y: .value("Weight", penguin.weight)
      )
      .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Species", penguin.species))
    }
    .chartXAxisLabel("Beak Length (mm)")
    .chartYAxisLabel("Weight (kg)")
    .chartXScale(domain: 30...60)
    .chartYScale(domain: 2...7)
    .chartXAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [30, 40, 50, 60]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartYAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
  }
}

2:51 - A scatterplot of a penguin's beak length and flipper length

// A scatterplot of a penguin's beak length and flipper length

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct PenguinChart: View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart(penguins) { penguin in
      PointMark(
        x: .value("Beak Length", penguin.beakLength),
        y: .value("Flipper Length", penguin.flipperLength)
      )
      .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Species", penguin.species))
    }
    .chartXAxisLabel("Beak Length (mm)")
    .chartYAxisLabel("Flipper Length (mm)")
    .chartXScale(domain: 30...60)
    .chartYScale(domain: 160...240)
    .chartXAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [30, 40, 50, 60]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartYAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [160, 180, 200, 220, 240]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
  }
}

3:28 - A scatterplot of a penguin's flipper length, beak length, and weight

// A scatterplot of a penguin's flipper length, beak length, and weight

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct PenguinChart: View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart3D(penguins) { penguin in
      PointMark(
        x: .value("Flipper Length", penguin.flipperLength),
        y: .value("Weight", penguin.weight),
        z: .value("Beak Length", penguin.beakLength)
      )
      .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Species", penguin.species))
    }
    .chartXAxisLabel("Flipper Length (mm)")
    .chartYAxisLabel("Weight (kg)")
    .chartZAxisLabel("Beak Length (mm)")
    .chartXScale(domain: 160...240, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartYScale(domain: 2...7, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartZScale(domain: 30...60, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartXAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [160, 180, 200, 220, 240]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartYAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartZAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [30, 40, 50, 60]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
  }
}

5:19 - A surface plot showing mathematical functions (x * z)

// A surface plot showing mathematical functions

import SwiftUI
import Charts

var SurfacePlotChart: View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart3D {
      SurfacePlot(x: "X", y: "Y", z: "Z") { x, z in
        // (Double, Double) -> Double
        x * z
      }
    }
  }
}

5:43 - A surface plot showing mathematical functions

// A surface plot showing mathematical functions

import SwiftUI
import Charts

var SurfacePlotChart: View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart3D {
      SurfacePlot(x: "X", y: "Y", z: "Z") { x, z in
        // (Double, Double) -> Double
        (sin(5 * x) + sin(5 * z)) / 2
      }
    }
  }
}

5:46 - A surface plot showing mathematical functions (-z)

// A surface plot showing mathematical functions

import SwiftUI
import Charts

var SurfacePlotChart: View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart3D {
      SurfacePlot(x: "X", y: "Y", z: "Z") { x, z in
        // (Double, Double) -> Double
        -z
      }
    }
  }
}

6:19 - Present a linear regression of the penguin data

// Present a linear regression of the penguin data

import SwiftUI
import Charts
import CreateML
import TabularData

final class LinearRegression: Sendable {
  let regressor: MLLinearRegressor

  init<Data: RandomAccessCollection>(
    _ data: Data,
    x xPath: KeyPath<Data.Element, Double>,
    y yPath: KeyPath<Data.Element, Double>,
    z zPath: KeyPath<Data.Element, Double>
  ) {
    let x = Column(name: "X", contents: data.map { $0[keyPath: xPath] })
    let y = Column(name: "Y", contents: data.map { $0[keyPath: yPath] })
    let z = Column(name: "Z", contents: data.map { $0[keyPath: zPath] })
    let data = DataFrame(columns: [x, y, z].map { $0.eraseToAnyColumn() })
    regressor = try! MLLinearRegressor(trainingData: data, targetColumn: "Y")
  }

  func callAsFunction(_ x: Double, _ z: Double) -> Double {
    let x = Column(name: "X", contents: [x])
    let z = Column(name: "Z", contents: [z])
    let data = DataFrame(columns: [x, z].map { $0.eraseToAnyColumn() })
    return (try? regressor.predictions(from: data))?.first as? Double ?? .nan
  }
}

let linearRegression = LinearRegression(
  penguins,
  x: \.flipperLength,
  y: \.weight,
  z: \.beakLength
)

struct PenguinChart: some View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart3D {
      ForEach(penguins) { penguin in
        PointMark(
          x: .value("Flipper Length", penguin.flipperLength),
          y: .value("Weight", penguin.weight),
          z: .value("Beak Length", penguin.beakLength),
        )
        .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Species", penguin.species))
      }

      SurfacePlot(x: "Flipper Length", y: "Weight", z: "Beak Length") { flipperLength, beakLength in
        linearRegression(flipperLength, beakLength)
      }
      .foregroundStyle(.gray)
    }
    .chartXAxisLabel("Flipper Length (mm)")
    .chartYAxisLabel("Weight (kg)")
    .chartZAxisLabel("Beak Length (mm)")
    .chartXScale(domain: 160...240, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartYScale(domain: 2...7, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartZScale(domain: 30...60, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartXAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [160, 180, 200, 220, 240]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartYAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartZAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [30, 40, 50, 60]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
  }
}

7:50 - Adjust the initial chart pose (Default)

// Adjust the initial chart pose

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct PenguinChart: View {
  @State var pose: Chart3DPose = .default

  var body: some View {
    Chart3D(penguins) { penguin in
      PointMark(
        x: .value("Flipper Length", penguin.flipperLength),
        y: .value("Weight", penguin.weight),
        z: .value("Beak Length", penguin.beakLength)
      )
      .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Species", penguin.species))
    }
    .chart3DPose($pose)
    .chartXAxisLabel("Flipper Length (mm)")
    .chartYAxisLabel("Weight (kg)")
    .chartZAxisLabel("Beak Length (mm)")
    .chartXScale(domain: 160...240, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartYScale(domain: 2...7, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartZScale(domain: 30...60, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartXAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [160, 180, 200, 220, 240]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartYAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartZAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [30, 40, 50, 60]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
  }
}

8:02 - Adjust the initial chart pose (Front)

// Adjust the initial chart pose

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct PenguinChart: View {
  @State var pose: Chart3DPose = .front

  var body: some View {
    Chart3D(penguins) { penguin in
      PointMark(
        x: .value("Flipper Length", penguin.flipperLength),
        y: .value("Weight", penguin.weight),
        z: .value("Beak Length", penguin.beakLength)
      )
      .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Species", penguin.species))
    }
    .chart3DPose($pose)
    .chartXAxisLabel("Flipper Length (mm)")
    .chartYAxisLabel("Weight (kg)")
    .chartZAxisLabel("Beak Length (mm)")
    .chartXScale(domain: 160...240, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartYScale(domain: 2...7, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartZScale(domain: 30...60, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartXAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [160, 180, 200, 220, 240]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartYAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartZAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [30, 40, 50, 60]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
  }
}

8:09 - Adjust the initial chart pose (Custom)

// Adjust the initial chart pose

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct PenguinChart: View {
  @State var pose = Chart3DPose(
    azimuth: .degrees(20),
    inclination: .degrees(7)
  )

  var body: some View {
    Chart3D(penguins) { penguin in
      PointMark(
        x: .value("Flipper Length", penguin.flipperLength),
        y: .value("Weight", penguin.weight),
        z: .value("Beak Length", penguin.beakLength)
      )
      .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Species", penguin.species))
    }
    .chart3DPose($pose)
    .chartXAxisLabel("Flipper Length (mm)")
    .chartYAxisLabel("Weight (kg)")
    .chartZAxisLabel("Beak Length (mm)")
    .chartXScale(domain: 160...240, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartYScale(domain: 2...7, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartZScale(domain: 30...60, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartXAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [160, 180, 200, 220, 240]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartYAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartZAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [30, 40, 50, 60]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
  }
}

9:15 - Adjust the initial chart pose and camera projection

// Adjust the initial chart pose and camera projection

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct PenguinChart: View {
  @State var pose = Chart3DPose(
    azimuth: .degrees(20),
    inclination: .degrees(7)
  )

  var body: some View {
    Chart3D(penguins) { penguin in
      PointMark(
        x: .value("Flipper Length", penguin.flipperLength),
        y: .value("Weight", penguin.weight),
        z: .value("Beak Length", penguin.beakLength)
      )
      .foregroundStyle(by: .value("Species", penguin.species))
    }
    .chart3DPose($pose)
    .chart3DCameraProjection(.perspective)
    .chartXAxisLabel("Flipper Length (mm)")
    .chartYAxisLabel("Weight (kg)")
    .chartZAxisLabel("Beak Length (mm)")
    .chartXScale(domain: 160...240, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartYScale(domain: 2...7, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartZScale(domain: 30...60, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartXAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [160, 180, 200, 220, 240]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartYAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
    .chartZAxis {
      AxisMarks(values: [30, 40, 50, 60]) {
        AxisTick()
        AxisGridLine()
        AxisValueLabel()
      }
    }
  }
}

9:24 - Customize the surface styles for a sinc function

// Customize the surface styles for a sinc function

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct SurfacePlotChart: View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart3D {
      SurfacePlot(x: "X", y: "Y", z: "Z") { x, z in
        let h = hypot(x, z)
        return sin(h) / h
      }
    }
    .chartXScale(domain: -10...10, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartZScale(domain: -10...10, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartYScale(domain: -0.23...1, range: -0.5...0.5)
  }
}

9:29 - Customize the surface styles for a sinc function (EllipticalGradient)

// Customize the surface styles for a sinc function

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct SurfacePlotChart: View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart3D {
      SurfacePlot(x: "X", y: "Y", z: "Z") { x, z in
        let h = hypot(x, z)
        return sin(h) / h
      }
      .foregroundStyle(EllipticalGradient(colors: [.red, .orange, .yellow, .green, .blue, .indigo, .purple]))
    }
    .chartXScale(domain: -10...10, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartZScale(domain: -10...10, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartYScale(domain: -0.23...1, range: -0.5...0.5)
  }
}

9:38 - Customize the surface styles for a sinc function (heightBased)

// Customize the surface styles for a sinc function

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct SurfacePlotChart: View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart3D {
      SurfacePlot(x: "X", y: "Y", z: "Z") { x, z in
        let h = hypot(x, z)
        return sin(h) / h
      }
      .foregroundStyle(.heightBased)
    }
    .chartXScale(domain: -10...10, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartZScale(domain: -10...10, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartYScale(domain: -0.23...1, range: -0.5...0.5)
  }
}

9:47 - Customize the surface styles for a sinc function (normalBased)

// Customize the surface styles for a sinc function

import SwiftUI
import Charts

struct SurfacePlotChart: View {
  var body: some View {
    Chart3D {
      SurfacePlot(x: "X", y: "Y", z: "Z") { x, z in
        let h = hypot(x, z)
        return sin(h) / h
      }
      .foregroundStyle(.normalBased)
    }
    .chartXScale(domain: -10...10, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartZScale(domain: -10...10, range: -0.5...0.5)
    .chartYScale(domain: -0.23...1, range: -0.5...0.5)
  }
}

- 0:00 - Introdução
- O Swift Charts é compatível com gráficos 3D no iOS, macOS e visionOS 26. Crie visualizações em 3D que permitam que as pessoas explorem dados sob novas perspectivas.
- 1:54 - Criar em 3D
- A abordagem de criação de um gráfico 3D é semelhante à de gráficos 2D. Explore como um único gráfico 3D pode representar várias perspectivas de gráficos 2D. Crie um gráfico de dispersão 3D com o PointMark e Chart3D. Gráficos 3D são interativos e podem ser girados para revelar diferentes informações, como clusters de dados. Muitas elementos gráficos usados em gráficos 2D foram reformulados para uso em 3D.
- 5:05 - Gráficos de superfície
- SurfacePlot plota funções de 2 variáveis em 3D, criando uma superfície contínua. Forneça uma expressão que produza um valor y em termos de x e z. Essas superfícies podem ser simples, como um plano, ou mais complexas com formas interessantes.
- 7:03 - Personalização
- O Swift Charts tem modificadores para personalizar a aparência de gráficos 3D. Defina o ângulo de visualização do gráfico com o modificador chart3DPose. Especifique o comportamento 3D do gráfico com o modificador chart3DCameraProjection. Há também novos estilos de primeiro plano para gráficos de superfície. Altere a cor em pontos posicionados no ângulo da superfície em um ponto específico, ou de acordo com a altura relativa. Essas técnicas, bem como muitos modificadores de gráficos 2D, personalizam gráficos 3D para torná-los visualmente atraentes.

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