My environment is a router with OpenWRT, a laptop connected to the router via patch cable and an untagged VLAN with VID 5 configured on that port in the router, and a MacBook M1 Pro connected via Wi-Fi to the router. On the macbook, I created a VLAN interface by specifying en0 (AirPort) as the parent interface, then created a VM using QEMU with hvf accelerator or lima/UTM with VZ and I observe a strange situation: using arping, packets from the laptop sometimes reach the VM connected to the VLAN interface on the macbook, but arping running on the VM only sends requests but does not receive replies from the laptop. If I assign an IP address to the VLAN interface in macOS, packets are transmitted over either protocol without any problems. The problem is delivering packets to the virtual machine. With tcpdump on the laptop I can see that it reply to arp requests, I can also see on the router that replies to arp requests passed through the Wi-Fi interface, but I don't see them in tcpdump on en0 on the macbook, which is also strange. But as I wrote before, if I assign an address from the same network on the macbook's VLAN interface, any packets are delivered between the laptop and macbook. Laptop: 192.168.24.50 MacBook: 192.168.24.20 (vlan5 interface). VM: 192.168.24.10 With lima-vm I use socket_vmnet in bridge mode. With QEMU I use vmnet-bridged. ➜ ~ ifconfig vlan5 vlan5: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1496 options=6063<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,TSO4,TSO6,PARTIAL_CSUM,ZEROINVERT_CSUM> ether f0:2f:4b:xx:xx:xx inet 192.168.24.20 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.24.255 vlan: 5 parent interface: en0 media: autoselect status: active ➜ ~ ping 192.168.24.50 -c2 PING 192.168.24.50 (192.168.24.50): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 192.168.24.50: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=5.241 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.24.50: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=5.429 ms --- 192.168.24.50 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 5.241/5.335/5.429/0.094 ms ➜ ~ sudo arping -c 5 -i vlan5 192.168.24.50 ARPING 192.168.24.50 60 bytes from 10:e7:c6:xx:xx:xx (192.168.24.50): index=0 time=6.061 msec 60 bytes from 10:e7:c6:xx:xx:xx (192.168.24.50): index=1 time=6.084 msec 60 bytes from 10:e7:c6:xx:xx:xx (192.168.24.50): index=2 time=5.945 msec 60 bytes from 10:e7:c6:xx:xx:xx (192.168.24.50): index=3 time=3.092 msec 60 bytes from 10:e7:c6:xx:xx:xx (192.168.24.50): index=4 time=3.848 msec --- 192.168.24.50 statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% unanswered (0 extra) rtt min/avg/max/std-dev = 3.092/5.006/6.084/1.278 ms ➜ ~ ifconfig bridge100 bridge100: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1496 options=3<RXCSUM,TXCSUM> ether f2:2f:4b:xx:xx:xx Configuration: id 0:0:0:0:0:0 priority 0 hellotime 0 fwddelay 0 maxage 0 holdcnt 0 proto stp maxaddr 100 timeout 1200 root id 0:0:0:0:0:0 priority 0 ifcost 0 port 0 ipfilter disabled flags 0x0 member: vlan5 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> ifmaxaddr 0 port 22 priority 0 path cost 0 member: vmenet0 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> ifmaxaddr 0 port 23 priority 0 path cost 0 Address cache: 10:e7:c6:xx:xx:xx Vlan1 vlan5 326 flags=0<> 52:55:55:ae:36:b4 Vlan1 vmenet0 1172 flags=0<> nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD> media: autoselect status: active [root@VM1 ~]# arping 192.168.24.50 -c5 ARPING 192.168.24.50 from 192.168.24.10 lima0 Sent 5 probes (5 broadcast(s)) Received 0 response(s) [root@VM1 ~]# [root@laptop ~]# arping 192.168.24.10 -c5 ARPING 192.168.24.15 from 192.168.24.10 lima0 Unicast reply from 192.168.24.10 [52:55:55:AE:36:B4] 2.492ms Unicast reply from 192.168.24.10 [52:55:55:AE:36:B4] 1.791ms Unicast reply from 192.168.24.10 [52:55:55:AE:36:B4] 3.059ms Sent 5 probes (1 broadcast(s)) Received 3 response(s) [root@laptop ~]# What could be the reason for this behavior?