Foundation Models

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Discuss the Foundation Models framework which provides access to Apple’s on-device large language model that powers Apple Intelligence to help you perform intelligent tasks specific to your app.

Foundation Models Documentation

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Provide actionable feedback for the Foundation Models framework and the on-device LLM
We are really excited to have introduced the Foundation Models framework in WWDC25. When using the framework, you might have feedback about how it can better fit your use cases. Starting in macOS/iOS 26 Beta 4, the best way to provide feedback is to use #Playground in Xcode. To do so: In Xcode, create a playground using #Playground. Fore more information, see Running code snippets using the playground macro. Reproduce the issue by setting up a session and generating a response with your prompt. In the canvas on the right, click the thumbs-up icon to the right of the response. Follow the instructions on the pop-up window and submit your feedback by clicking Share with Apple. Another way to provide your feedback is to file a feedback report with relevant details. Specific to the Foundation Models framework, it’s super important to add the following information in your report: Language model feedback This feedback contains the session transcript, including the instructions, the prompts, the responses, etc. Without that, we can’t reason the model’s behavior, and hence can hardly take any action. Use logFeedbackAttachment(sentiment:issues:desiredOutput: ) to retrieve the feedback data of your current model session, as shown in the usage example, write the data into a file, and then attach the file to your feedback report. If you believe what you’d report is related to the system configuration, please capture a sysdiagnose and attach it to your feedback report as well. The framework is still new. Your actionable feedback helps us evolve the framework quickly, and we appreciate that. Thanks, The Foundation Models framework team
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Aug ’25
"FoundationModels GenerationError error 2" on iOS 26 beta 3
Hi all, I'm working on an app that utilizes the FoundationModels found in iOS 26. I updated my phone to iOS 26 beta 3 and am now receiving the following error when trying to run code that worked in beta 2: Al Error: The operation couldn't be completed. (FoundationModels.LanguageModelSession.Genera- tionError error 2.) I admit I'm a bit of a new developer, but any idea if this is an issue with beta 3 or work that I'll need to do to adapt my code to some changes in the AI API? Thank you!
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Jul ’25
Foundation Model Framework
Greetings! I was trying to get a response from the LanguageModelSession but I just keep getting the following: Error getting response: Model Catalog error: Error Domain=com.apple.UnifiedAssetFramework Code=5000 "There are no underlying assets (neither atomic instance nor asset roots) for consistency token for asset set com.apple.MobileAsset.UAF.FM.Overrides" UserInfo={NSLocalizedFailureReason=There are no underlying assets (neither atomic instance nor asset roots) for consistency token for asset set com.apple.MobileAsset.UAF.FM.Overrides} This occurs both in macOS 15.5 running the new Xcode beta with an iOS 26 simulator, and also on a macOS 26 with Xcode beta. The simulators are both Pro iPhone 16s. I was wondering if anyone had any advice?
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Jun ’25
Foundation Models Adapter Training Toolkit v0.2.0 LoRA Adapter Incompatible with macOS 26 Beta 4 Base Model
Context I trained a LoRA adapter for Apple’s on-device language model using the Foundation Models Adapter Training Toolkit v0.2.0 on macOS 26 beta 4. Although training completes successfully, loading the resulting .fmadapter package fails with: Adapter is not compatible with the current system base model. What I’ve Observed, Hard-coded Signature: In export/constants.py, the toolkit sets, BASE_SIGNATURE = "9799725ff8e851184037110b422d891ad3b92ec1" Metadata Injection: The export_fmadapter.py script writes this value into the adapter’s metadata: self_dict[MetadataKeys.BASE_SIGNATURE] = BASE_SIGNATURE Compatibility Check: At runtime, the Foundation Models framework compares the adapter’s baseModelSignature against the OS’s system model signature, and reports compatibleAdapterNotFound if they don’t match—without revealing the expected signature. Questions Signature Generation - What exactly does the toolkit hash to derive BASE_SIGNATURE? Is it a straight SHA-1 of base-model.pt, or is there an additional transformation? Recomputing for Beta 4 - Is there a way to locally compute the correct signature for the macOS 26 beta 4 system model? Toolkit Updates - Will Apple release Adapter Training Toolkit v0.3.0 with an updated BASE_SIGNATURE for beta 4, or is there an alternative workaround to generate it myself? Any guidance on how the Foundation Models framework derives and verifies the base model signature—or how to regenerate it for beta 4—would be greatly appreciated.
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Aug ’25
Insufficient memory for Foundational Model Adapter Training
I have a MacBook Pro M3 Pro with 18GB of RAM and was following the instructions to fine tune the foundational model given here: https://developer.apple.com/apple-intelligence/foundation-models-adapter/ However, while following the code sample in the example Jupyter notebook, my Mac hangs on the second code cell. Specifically: from examples.generate import generate_content, GenerationConfiguration from examples.data import Message output = generate_content( [[ Message.from_system("A conversation between a user and a helpful assistant. Taking the role as a play writer assistant for a kids' play."), Message.from_user("Write a script about penguins.") ]], GenerationConfiguration(temperature=0.0, max_new_tokens=128) ) output[0].response After some debugging, I was getting the following error: RuntimeError: MPS backend out of memory (MPS allocated: 22.64 GB, other allocations: 5.78 MB, max allowed: 22.64 GB). Tried to allocate 52.00 MB on private pool. Use PYTORCH_MPS_HIGH_WATERMARK_RATIO=0.0 to disable upper limit for memory allocations (may cause system failure). So is my machine not capable enough to adapter train Apple's Foundation Model? And if so, what's the recommended spec and could this be specified somewhere? Thanks!
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Jul ’25
Model w/ Guardrails Disabled Still Frequently Refuses to Summarize Text
Foundation Models are driving me up the wall. My use case: A news app - I want to summarize news articles. Sounds like a perfect use for the added-in-beta-5 "no guardrails" mode for text-to-text transformations... ... and it's true, I don't get guardrails exceptions anymore but now, the model itself frequently refuses to summarize stuff which in a way is even worse as I have to parse the output text to figure out if it failed instead of getting an exception. I mostly worked that out with my system instructions but still, the refusing to summarize makes it really tough to use. I instructed the model to tell me why it failed if that happens. Examples of various refusals for news articles from major sources: "The article mentions "Visual Lookup" but does not provide details about how it integrates with iOS 26." "The article includes unsafe content regarding a political figure's potential influence over the Federal Reserve board, which is against my guidelines." "the article contains unsafe content." "The article is biased and opinionated and focuses on the author's opinion." (this is despite the instructions specifically asking for a neutral summary - I am asking it to not use bias in the output but it still refuses) I have tons of these. Note that if I don't use the "no guardrails" mode and use a Generable instead, some of these work fine so right now I have to do two passes on much of the content since I never know which one will work. Having a "summary mode" that often refuses to summarize current news articles (the world is not a great place, some of these stories are a bummer) is near worthless.
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Model Guardrails Too Restrictive?
I'm experimenting with using the Foundation Models framework to do news summarization in an RSS app but I'm finding that a lot of articles are getting kicked back with a vague message about guardrails. This seems really common with political news but we're talking mainstream stuff, i.e. Politico, etc. If the models are this restrictive, this will be tough to use. Is this intended? FB17904424
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Jul ’25
Issue with #Playground and Foundation Model
Hi all, I’m encountering an issue when trying to run Apple Foundation Models in a blank project targeting iOS 26. Below are the details: Xcode: Latest version with iOS 26 SDK macOS: macOS 26 Tahoe (installed on main disk) Mac: 16” MacBook Pro with M2 Pro chip Apple Intelligence: Available and functional on this machine Problem: I created a new blank iOS project, set the deployment target to iOS 26, and ran the following minimal code using Foundation Models. However, I get no response at all in the output - not even an error. The app runs, but the model does not produce any output. #Playground { let session = LanguageModelSession() let response = try await session.respond(to: "Tell me a story") } Then, I tried to catch an error with this code: #Playground { let session = LanguageModelSession() do { let response = try await session.respond(to: "Tell me a story") print(response) } catch { print("Failed to get response:", error) } print("This line, never gets executed") } And got these results: I’ve done further testing and discovered something important: I tried running the Code Along sample project, and there the #Playground macro worked without issues. The only significant difference I noticed was the Canvas run destination: In my original project, I was using iPhone 16 Pro (iOS 26) as the run target in Canvas. Apple Intelligence was enabled on the simulator, but no response was returned when executing the prompt. In the sample project, the Canvas was running on My Mac. I attempted to match that setup, but at first, my destination was My Mac (Designed for iPad), which still didn’t work. The macro finally executed properly once I switched to My Mac (AppKit). So the question is ... it seems that for now, Foundation Models and the #Playground macro only run correctly when the canvas or destination is set to “My Mac (AppKit)”?
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Jul ’25
Using Past Versions of Foundation Models As They Progress
Has Apple made any commitment to versioning the Foundation Models on device? What if you build a feature that works great on 26.0 but they change the model or guardrails in 26.1 and it breaks your feature, is your only recourse filing Feedback or pulling the feature from the app? Will there be a way to specify a model version like in all of the server based LLM provider APIs? If not, sounds risky to build on.
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Jul ’25
Initializing LanguageModelSession crashes app on macOS
Whenever I try to initialize a LanguageModelSession (let session = LanguageModelSession()), my app crashes with EXC_BAD_ACCESS. SystemLanguageModel.default.availability returns available. I tried running the two sample projects I found that use Foundation Models, FoundationModelsTripPlanner and SwiftTranscriptionSampleApp, and they both also crash—immediately on launch. I commented out the Foundation Models logic from the SwiftTranscriptionSampleApp and ran it again, and it no longer crashed. I'm on macOS 26 Beta 4 on an M1 Pro device. I'm based in Austria (EU), if that matters.
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Aug ’25
Converting GenerableContent to JSON string
Hey, I receive GenerableContent as follows: let response = try await session.respond(to: "", schema: generationSchema) And it wraps GeneratedJSON which seems to be private. What is the best way to get a string / raw value out of it? I noticed it could theoretically be accessed via transcriptEntries but it's not ideal.
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Jul ’25
Proposal: Develop a Token Estimation Tool for Foundation Models
Dear Apple Foundation Models Development Team, I am a developer integrating Apple Foundation Models (AFM) into my app and encountered the exceededContextWindowSize error when exceeding the 4096-token limit. Proposal: I suggest Apple develop a tool to estimate the token count of a prompt before sending it to the model. This tool could be integrated into FoundationModels Framework for ease of use. Benefits: A token estimation tool would help developers manage the context window limit and optimize performance. I hope Apple considers this proposal soon. Thank you!
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Aug ’25
InferenceError referencing context length in FoundationModels framework
I'm experimenting with downloading an audio file of spoken content, using the Speech framework to transcribe it, then using FoundationModels to clean up the formatting to add paragraph breaks and such. I have this code to do that cleanup: private func cleanupText(_ text: String) async throws -> String? { print("Cleaning up text of length \(text.count)...") let session = LanguageModelSession(instructions: "The content you read is a transcription of a speech. Separate it into paragraphs by adding newlines. Do not modify the content - only add newlines.") let response = try await session.respond(to: .init(text), generating: String.self) return response.content } The content length is about 29,000 characters. And I get this error: InferenceError::inferenceFailed::Failed to run inference: Context length of 4096 was exceeded during singleExtend.. Is 4096 a reference to a max input length? Or is this a bug? This is running on an M1 iPad Air, with iPadOS 26 Seed 1.
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Jul ’25
visionOS 26 beta 2: Symbol Not Found on Foundation Models
When I try to run visionOS 26 beta 2 on my device the app crashes on Launch: dyld[904]: Symbol not found: _$s16FoundationModels10TranscriptV7entriesACSayAC5EntryOG_tcfC Referenced from: <A71932DD-53EB-39E2-9733-32E9D961D186> /private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/53866099-99B1-4BBD-8C94-CD022646EB5D/VisionPets.app/VisionPets.debug.dylib Expected in: <F68A7984-6B48-3958-A48D-E9F541868C62> /System/Library/Frameworks/FoundationModels.framework/FoundationModels Symbol not found: _$s16FoundationModels10TranscriptV7entriesACSayAC5EntryOG_tcfC Referenced from: <A71932DD-53EB-39E2-9733-32E9D961D186> /private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/53866099-99B1-4BBD-8C94-CD022646EB5D/VisionPets.app/VisionPets.debug.dylib Expected in: <F68A7984-6B48-3958-A48D-E9F541868C62> /System/Library/Frameworks/FoundationModels.framework/FoundationModels dyld config: DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/system/introspection DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/usr/lib/libLogRedirect.dylib:/usr/lib/libBacktraceRecording.dylib:/usr/lib/libMainThreadChecker.dylib:/usr/lib/libViewDebuggerSupport.dylib:/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/GPUToolsCapture.framework/GPUToolsCapture Symbol not found: _$s16FoundationModels10TranscriptV7entriesACSayAC5EntryOG_tcfC Referenced from: <A71932DD-53EB-39E2-9733-32E9D961D186> /private/var/containers/Bundle/Application/53866099-99B1-4BBD-8C94-CD022646EB5D/VisionPets.app/VisionPets.debug.dylib Expected in: <F68A7984-6B48-3958-A48D-E9F541868C62> /System/Library/Frameworks/FoundationModels.framework/FoundationModels dyld config: DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/system/introspection DYLD_INSERT_LIBRARIES=/usr/lib/libLogRedirect.dylib:/usr/lib/libBacktraceRecording.dylib:/usr/lib/libMainThreadChecker.dylib:/usr/lib/libViewDebuggerSupport.dylib:/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/GPUToolsCapture.framework/GPUToolsCapture Message from debugger: Terminated due to signal 6
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Jun ’25
Foundation Models / Playgrounds Hello World - Help!
I am using Foundation Models for the first time and no response is being provided to me. Code import Playgrounds import FoundationModels #Playground { let session = LanguageModelSession() let result = try await session.respond(to: "List all the states in the USA") print(result.content) } Canvas Output What I did New file Code Canvas refreshes but nothing happens Am I missing a step or setup here? Please help. Something so basic is not working I do not know what to do. Running 40GPU, 16CPU MacBook Pro.. IOS26/Xcodebeta2/Tahoe allocated 8CPU, 48GB memory in Parallels VM. Settings for Playgrounds in Xcode Thank you for your help in advance.
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Jul ’25
Foundation Models performance reality check - anyone else finding it slow?
Testing Foundation Models framework with a health-focused recipe generation app. The on-device approach is appealing but performance is rough. Taking 20+ seconds just to get recipe name and description. Same content from Claude API: 4 seconds. I know it's beta and on-device has different tradeoffs, but this is approaching unusable territory for real-time user experience. The streaming helps psychologically but doesn't mask the underlying latency.The privacy/cost benefits are compelling but not if users abandon the feature before it completes. Anyone else seeing similar performance? Is this expected for beta, or are there optimization techniques I'm missing?
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Jul ’25
Using RAG on local documents from Foundation Model
I am watching a few WWDC sessions on Foundation Model and its usage and it looks pretty cool. I was wondering if it is possible to perform RAG on the user documents on the devices and entuallly on iCloud... Let's say I have a lot of pages documents about me and I want the Foundation model to access those information on the documents to answer questions about me that can be retrieved from the documents. How can this be done ? Thanks
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Jun ’25
Foundation Models not working: "Model is unavailable" error on iPad Pro M4
I am excited to try Foundation Models during WWDC, but it doesn't work at all for me. When running on my iPad Pro M4 with iPadOS 26 seed 1, I get the following error even when running the simplest query: let prompt = "How are you?" let stream = session.streamResponse(to: prompt) for try await partial in stream { self.answer = partial self.resultString = partial } In the Xcode console, I see the following error: assetsUnavailable(FoundationModels.LanguageModelSession.GenerationError.Context(debugDescription: "Model is unavailable", underlyingErrors: [])) I have verified that Apple Intelligence is enabled on my iPad. Any tips on how can I get it working? I have also submitted this feedback: FB17896752
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Model Rate Limits?
Trying the Foundation Model framework and when I try to run several sessions in a loop, I'm getting a thrown error that I'm hitting a rate limit. Are these rate limits documented? What's the best practice here? I'm trying to run the models against new content downloaded from a web service where I might get ~200 items in a given download. They're relatively small but there can be that many that want to be processed in a loop.
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Jun ’25