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Programming Languages Resources
This topic area is about the programming languages themselves, not about any specific API or tool. If you have an API question, go to the top level and look for a subtopic for that API. If you have a question about Apple developer tools, start in the Developer Tools & Services topic. For Swift questions: If your question is about the SwiftUI framework, start in UI Frameworks > SwiftUI. If your question is specific to the Swift Playground app, ask over in Developer Tools & Services > Swift Playground If you’re interested in the Swift open source effort — that includes the evolution of the language, the open source tools and libraries, and Swift on non-Apple platforms — check out Swift Forums If your question is about the Swift language, that’s on topic for Programming Languages > Swift, but you might have more luck asking it in Swift Forums > Using Swift. General: Forums topic: Programming Languages Swift: Forums subtopic: Programming Languages > Swift Forums tags: Swift Developer > Swift website Swift Programming Language website The Swift Programming Language documentation Swift Forums website, and specifically Swift Forums > Using Swift Swift Package Index website Concurrency Resources, which covers Swift concurrency How to think properly about binding memory Swift Forums thread Other: Forums subtopic: Programming Languages > Generic Forums tags: Objective-C Programming with Objective-C archived documentation Objective-C Runtime documentation Share and Enjoy — Quinn “The Eskimo!” @ Developer Technical Support @ Apple let myEmail = "eskimo" + "1" + "@" + "apple.com"
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815
Oct ’25
autoreleasepool with async await
I ran into a problem, I have a recursive function in which Data type objects are temporarily created, because of this, the memory expands until the entire recursion ends. It would just be fixed using autoreleasepool, but it can't be used with async await, and I really don't want to rewrite the code for callbacks. Is there any option to use autoreleasepool with async await functions? (I Googled one option, that the Task already contains its own autoreleasepool, and if you do something like that, it should work, but it doesn't, the memory is still growing) func autoreleasepool<Result>(_ perform: @escaping () async throws -> Result) async throws -> Result { try await Task { try await perform() }.value }
2
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126
Mar ’25
Passing compatible primitive types as reference in cpp-swift interop
I have an xcode project which has both cpp and swift code. In one of my usecase I am passing primitive type variables from swift to cpp by reference( primitives types list here as per the new cpp-swift interop documentation) swift code: // primitive check code:Bool var x : Bool = true // When we are passing a variable as a Reference, we need to use explicitly use'&' student.PassBoolAsReferenceType (&x) // interop call to cpp code print (x) Cpp code: void Student::PassBoolAsReferenceType(bool &pValue) noexcept { std::cout << pValue << std::endl; pValue = false; } The above code fails during compilation with no clear error message "Command SwiftCompile failed with a nonzero exit code" However, all the other primitive types that I tested worked for the above code like Int, Float, Double etc. Only the Bool interop fails. Can someone explain why is it not possible for bool? I m using the new interop introduced in swift 5.9.
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372
Dec ’24
Best way to convert HTML to PDF in a C# app on macOS?
I'm working on a cross-platform C# application that converts HTML content to PDF. The goal is to render dynamic HTML pages (including CSS and JavaScript) as high-quality, printable PDF files. Additionally, I need to support features like adding headers/footers, securing PDFs with passwords, and controlling user permissions. While everything works well on Windows, I need some help rendering consistency and handling permissions on MacOS.
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895
Dec ’24
How do I locate and this Bundle Error
❌ Could not find email_ai.py in the app bundle. Available files: [] The error above is what I’m encountering. I’ve placed the referenced file both in the project directory and inside the app. However, every time I remove and reinsert the file into the folder within the app, it prompts me to designate the targets—I select all, but this doesn’t resolve the issue. I’m unsure how to properly reference the file so that it is recognised and included in the bundle. Any guidance would be greatly appreciated. this is my build phase: #!/bin/sh set -x # Prints each command before running it (for debugging) pwd # Shows the current working directory echo "$SRCROOT" # Shows what Xcode thinks is the project root ls -l "$SRCROOT/EmailAssistant/EmailAssistant/PythonScripts" # Lists files in the script folder export PYTHONPATH="/Users/caesar/.pyenv/versions/3.11.6/bin" /Users/caesar/.pyenv/versions/3.11.6/bin/python3 "$SRCROOT/EmailAssistant/EmailAssistant/PythonScripts/email_ai.py" echo "Script completed."
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460
Feb ’25
WKWebView missing page parts
Hi guys, I've been struggling for a few days with this really weird behaviour. We made an app for our e-commerce website and found out that a part of the product page is missing. For any reason, the header and first blocks of the page and footer are displayed, but then a massive part of the content is missing. This content is not loaded through ajax; that's why I don't understand why it's not displayed. You can see here 2 screenshots of what the page should look like and what the page looks like with WKWebView. I've been inspecting this with Safari; there isn't any blocking error in the console, and html elements are just empty. There is the div with class row and nothing in it. The same website is working perfectly with native Android Webview. If anyone has any clue to find out what's going wrong
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281
Jan ’25
Swift6 race warning
I'm trying to fix some Swift6 warnings, this one seems too strict, I'm not sure how to fix it. The variable path is a String, which should be immutable, it's a local variable and never used again inside of the function, but still Swift6 complains about it being a race condition, passing it to the task What should I do here to fix the warning?
4
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602
Jan ’25
Swift / C++ Interop with Storekit - actor isolated structure cannot be exported to C++
I can't find a viable path to call StoreKit from C++ right now and would love some ideas. I'm implementing the code exactly as shown at 4:09 in https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2023/10172/ However when I add any StoreKit functionality in I immediately get "Actor isolated structure cannot be exposed in C++" This makes me think I can't create a StoreKit view and call it from C++? Am I missing a better way? I don't think I can have another structure that holds the storeChooser in it because it will have the same problem (I assume, although I will check). Part of the issue seems to be that my app is C++ so there is no main function called in the swift for me to open this view with either, I was going to use the present function Zoe described (as below). I've tried a lot of alternative approaches but it seems to be blocking async functions from showing in C++ as well. So I'm not sure how to access the basic product(for:) and purchase(product) functions. import Foundation import StoreKit import SwiftUI public struct storeChooser: View { public var productIDs: [String] public var fetchError: String //@State //Note this is from the UI @State public var products: [Product] = [] // @State private var isPresented = true // weak private var host: UIViewController? = nil public init() { productIDs = ["20_super_crystals_v1"] products = [] self.fetchError = "untried" } public var body: some View { VStack(spacing: 20) { Text( "Products") ForEach(self.products) { product in Button { //dont do anything yet } label: { Text("\(product.displayPrice) - \(product.displayName)") } } }.task { do { try await self.loadProducts() } catch { print(error) } } } public func queryProducts() { Task { do { try await self.loadProducts() } catch { print(error) } } } public func getProduct1Name() -> String { if self.products.count > 0 { return self.products[0].displayName } else { return "empty" } } private func loadProducts() async throws { self.products = try await Product.products(for: self.productIDs) } /* public mutating func present(_ viewController: UIViewController) { isPresented = true; let host = UIHostingController(rootView: self) host.rootView.host = host viewController.present(host, animated: true) } */ }
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108
May ’25
traitCollectionDidChange iOS18
iOS18.2 / iPhone 16pro / Xcode 16.2 'traitCollectionDidChange' This function has been deprecated since ios17. However, in ios18, when I changed the app to the background state or changed it to the foreground state again, it was confirmed that the function worked. It hasn't been confirmed in ios17, but why is it only confirmed in ios18?
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624
Dec ’24
Missing libclang_rt.osx.a library on OSX
I tried to install the flang-new compiler from Homebrew on Sequoia OSX. Complex division is broken because file divdc3 is missing. This file comes from libclang_rt.osx.a, a standard LLVM library. This library is missing on OSX. program test integer, parameter :: n=2 complex(kind=8), dimension(n,n) :: V complex(kind=8) :: PER V(1,1)=cmplx(4.0,2.0) V(2,2)=cmplx(5.0,3.0) V(1,2)=0.0 V(2,1)=0.5 PER=cmplx(1.2,1.2) V(:,:)=V(:,:)/PER end program test alainhebert@Alains-MacBook-Air-2 test_complex % flang-new test.f90 Undefined symbols for architecture arm64: “___divdc3”, referenced from: __QQmain in test-fc2bb3.o ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture arm64 flang-new: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
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678
Dec ’24
Swift Package Manager – Support for Multiple Targets with Distinct Localization Files
I am an SDK provider working with Swift Package Manager (SPM) to deliver libraries for iOS developers. My SDK currently uses SPM targets to modularize functionality. However, SPM enforces strict resource bundling, which prevents me from efficiently offering multiple targets—each with a different set of localization files—in a single package. Current Limitation: When multiple SPM targets share the same source and resource directory but require distinct sets of .lproj localization folders (for app size or client requirements), SPM raises “overlapping sources” errors. The only workaround is to manually split resource directories or have clients prune localizations post-build, which is inefficient and error-prone. Feature Request: Please consider adding native support in Swift Package Manager for: Defining multiple targets within a single package that can process overlapping source/resource directories, Each target specifying a distinct subset of localization resource files via the exclude or a new designated parameter, Enabling efficient modular delivery of SDKs to clients needing different localization payloads, without redundant resource duplication or error-prone manual pruning. Support for this feature would greatly ease SDK distribution, lower app sizes, and improve package maintainability for iOS and all Swift platforms.
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894
Sep ’25
Why Actor-isolated property cannot be passed 'inout' to 'async' function call?
Considering below dummy codes: @MainActor var globalNumber = 0 @MainActor func increase(_ number: inout Int) async { // some async code excluded number += 1 } class Dummy: @unchecked Sendable { @MainActor var number: Int { get { globalNumber } set { globalNumber = newValue } } @MainActor func change() async { await increase(&number) //Actor-isolated property 'number' cannot be passed 'inout' to 'async' function call } } I'm not really trying to make an increasing function like that, this is just an example to make everything happen. As for why number is a computed property, this is to trigger the actor-isolated condition (otherwise, if the property is stored and is a value type, this condition will not be triggered). Under these conditions, in function change(), I got the error: Actor-isolated property 'number' cannot be passed 'inout' to 'async' function call. My question is: Why Actor-isolated property cannot be passed 'inout' to 'async' function call? What is the purpose of this design? If this were allowed, what problems might it cause?
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392
Feb ’25
Swift playground
Hi, I want to create a dashboard in a app using swift playgrounds with esp 32 and a led. The dashboard should have a toggle switch to toggle the switch state like on/off for the led once i get the basics i want to create a full dashboards with things like gauges, sliders, button and many more. Can someone please help/guide me. Thanks.
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311
Dec ’24
Swift 6 and 5 - Strict concurrency: complete and WKNavigationDelegate decidePolicyFor not being called.
decidePolicyFor delegate method: import WebKit @objc extension DocumentationVC { func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, decidePolicyFor navigationAction: WKNavigationAction, decisionHandler: @escaping (WKNavigationActionPolicy) -> Void) Being called just alright in swift 5 minimal concurrency. Raising concurrency to complete with swift 5 or swift 6. Changing the code to avoid warnings: @preconcurrency import WebKit @objc extension DocumentationVC { func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, decidePolicyFor navigationAction: WKNavigationAction, decisionHandler: @escaping (WKNavigationActionPolicy) -> Void) { The delegate method is not being called. Changing back to swift 5 concurrency minimal - it is called. Looking at WKNavigationDelegate: WK_SWIFT_UI_ACTOR @protocol WKNavigationDelegate <NSObject> - (void)webView:(WKWebView *)webView decidePolicyForNavigationAction:(WKNavigationAction *)navigationAction decisionHandler:(WK_SWIFT_UI_ACTOR void (^)(WKNavigationActionPolicy))decisionHandler WK_SWIFT_ASYNC(3); Changing the delegate method to: func webView(_ webView: WKWebView, decidePolicyFor navigationAction: WKNavigationAction, decisionHandler: @escaping @MainActor (WKNavigationActionPolicy) -> Void) { And it is called across swift 5 concurrency minimal to complete to swift 6. I thought, the meaning of @preconcurrency import WebKit was to keep the delegate without @MainActor before the (WKNavigationActionPolicy) still matching regardless the swift concurrency mode? My point is - this can introduce hidden breaking changes? I didn't see this documented anyhow at: https://www.swift.org/migration/documentation/migrationguide/. decidePolicyFor is an optional method - so if signature 'mismatches' - there will be no warning on not-implementing the delegate method. How do we catch or diagnose irregularities like this? Is it something @preconcurrency import WebKit should be ensuring and it is not? Is this delegate mismatch a bug on swift side or something we should be taking care of while migrating? If it is on us, how do we diagnose these potential mismatches?
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602
Jan ’25
Animatable AnyInsettableShape
System provides AnyShape type erasure that animates correctly. But system doesn't provide AnyInsettableShape. Here is my implementation of AnyInsettableShape (and AnyAnimatableData that is needed to support animation). Let me know if there is simpler solution. struct AnyInsettableShape: InsettableShape { private let _path: (CGRect) -> Path private let _inset: (CGFloat) -> AnyInsettableShape private let _getAnimatableData: () -> AnyAnimatableData private let _setAnimatableData: (_ data: AnyAnimatableData) -> AnyInsettableShape init<S>(_ shape: S) where S : InsettableShape { _path = { shape.path(in: $0) } _inset = { AnyInsettableShape(shape.inset(by: $0)) } _getAnimatableData = { AnyAnimatableData(shape.animatableData) } _setAnimatableData = { data in guard let otherData = data.rawValue as? S.AnimatableData else { assertionFailure(); return AnyInsettableShape(shape) } var shape = shape shape.animatableData = otherData return AnyInsettableShape(shape) } } var animatableData: AnyAnimatableData { get { _getAnimatableData() } set { self = _setAnimatableData(newValue) } } func path(in rect: CGRect) -> Path { _path(rect) } func inset(by amount: CGFloat) -> some InsettableShape { _inset(amount) } } struct AnyAnimatableData : VectorArithmetic { init<T : VectorArithmetic>(_ value: T) { self.init(optional: value) } private init<T : VectorArithmetic>(optional value: T?) { rawValue = value _scaleBy = { factor in (value != nil) ? AnyAnimatableData(value!.scaled(by: factor)) : .zero } _add = { other in AnyAnimatableData(value! + (other.rawValue as! T)) } _subtract = { other in AnyAnimatableData(value! - (other.rawValue as! T)) } _equal = { other in value! == (other.rawValue as! T) } _magnitudeSquared = { (value != nil) ? value!.magnitudeSquared : .zero } _zero = { AnyAnimatableData(T.zero) } } fileprivate let rawValue: (any VectorArithmetic)? private let _scaleBy: (_: Double) -> AnyAnimatableData private let _add: (_ other: AnyAnimatableData) -> AnyAnimatableData private let _subtract: (_ other: AnyAnimatableData) -> AnyAnimatableData private let _equal: (_ other: AnyAnimatableData) -> Bool private let _magnitudeSquared: () -> Double private let _zero: () -> AnyAnimatableData mutating func scale(by rhs: Double) { self = _scaleBy(rhs) } var magnitudeSquared: Double { _magnitudeSquared() } static let zero = AnyAnimatableData(optional: nil as Double?) @inline(__always) private var isZero: Bool { rawValue == nil } static func + (lhs: AnyAnimatableData, rhs: AnyAnimatableData) -> AnyAnimatableData { guard let (lhs, rhs) = fillZeroTypes(lhs, rhs) else { return .zero } return lhs._add(rhs) } static func - (lhs: AnyAnimatableData, rhs: AnyAnimatableData) -> AnyAnimatableData { guard let (lhs, rhs) = fillZeroTypes(lhs, rhs) else { return .zero } return lhs._subtract(rhs) } static func == (lhs: AnyAnimatableData, rhs: AnyAnimatableData) -> Bool { guard let (lhs, rhs) = fillZeroTypes(lhs, rhs) else { return true } return lhs._equal(rhs) } @inline(__always) private static func fillZeroTypes(_ lhs: AnyAnimatableData, _ rhs: AnyAnimatableData) -> (AnyAnimatableData, AnyAnimatableData)? { switch (!lhs.isZero, !rhs.isZero) { case (true, true): (lhs, rhs) case (true, false): (lhs, lhs._zero()) case (false, true): (rhs._zero(), rhs) case (false, false): nil } } }
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429
Dec ’24
App Rejected: Non-Public Symbols _lzma_code and _lzma_end in Payload/Hogs.app/Hogs
Hello, I have integrated LZMA2 compression into my iOS app, Hogs, and successfully implemented compression. However, when attempting to upload the app for TestFlight, I encountered an error: "The app references non-public symbols in Payload/Hogs.app/Hogs: _lzma_code, _lzma_end." These functions are part of the LZMA compression library (specifically LZMA2). Here's a detailed description of the issue: What I Have Done: LZMA2 Integration: I integrated LZMA2 compression into the app and created a wrapper around the LZMA functions (_lzma_code, _lzma_end) to prevent direct references. App Build Configuration: I ensured the LZMA2 library is linked correctly with the -lzma flag in the linker settings. I wrapped the LZMA functions in custom functions (my_lzma_code, my_lzma_end) in an attempt to avoid using the non-public symbols directly. Error Message: During the app submission process, I received the following error: "The app references non-public symbols in Payload/Hogs.app/Hogs: _lzma_code, _lzma_end." Steps Taken to Resolve: Checked if any LZMA functions were exposed incorrectly. Ensured that all non-public symbols were properly encapsulated in a wrapper. Verified linker settings to ensure the proper inclusion of the LZMA2 library. Request: Could anyone provide suggestions or best practices to resolve this issue and avoid references to non-public symbols? Should I use a different method for linking LZMA2 or encapsulating these symbols? Thank You: I appreciate your help in resolving this issue so I can move forward with submitting the app for TestFlight.
1
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371
Dec ’24
error handling - Xcode shows error since Xcode Version > 15
Hello together, since Xcode Version > 15 the following error handling causes following error "Pattern of type 'DecodingError' cannot match 'Never' func getSupportedCountries() async { // fetch all documents from collection "seasons" from firestore let queryCountries = try? await db.collection("countries").getDocuments() if queryCountries != nil { self.countries = (queryCountries!.documents.compactMap({ (queryDocumentSnapshot) -> Country? in let result = Result { try? queryDocumentSnapshot.data(as: Country.self) } switch result { case .success(let country): if let country = country { // A country value was successfully initialized from the DocumentSnapshot self.errorMessage = nil return country } else { // A nil value was successfully initialized from the DocumentSnapshot, // or the DocumentSnapshot was nil self.errorMessage = "Document doesn't exist." return nil } case .failure(let error): // A Country value could not be initialized from the DocumentSnapshot switch error { case DecodingError.typeMismatch(_, let context): self.errorMessage = "\(error.localizedDescription): \(context.debugDescription)" case DecodingError.valueNotFound(_, let context): self.errorMessage = "\(error.localizedDescription): \(context.debugDescription)" case DecodingError.keyNotFound(_, let context): self.errorMessage = "\(error.localizedDescription): \(context.debugDescription)" case DecodingError.dataCorrupted(let key): self.errorMessage = "\(error.localizedDescription): \(key)" default: self.errorMessage = "Error decoding document: \(error.localizedDescription)" } return nil } })) } else { self.errorMessage = "No documents in 'countries' collection" return } } the interesting part of the code where XCODE shows an error is from "switch error" downwards. Does anyone of you have an idea what's wrong? Ay help appreciated ! Thx, Peter
3
0
334
Jan ’25
Ambiguous use of 'textField' in Xcode 26
func textField( _ textField: UITextField, shouldChangeCharactersIn range: NSRange, replacementString string: String ) -&gt; Bool { if let delegate = delegate, let shouldChangeCharactersIn = delegate.textField { return shouldChangeCharactersIn(textField, range, string) } return true } This is from an extension extension TextInput: UITextFieldDelegate, ObservableTextFieldDelegateProtocol { The delegate is already a UITextFieldDelegate, but when you click on the error, it returns 7 instances of: "Found this candidate in module 'UIKit' (UIKit.UITextFieldDelegate.textField)" This doesn't give an error in Xcode 16. Is this an Xcode 26 bug?
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162
Jun ’25
Passkey Creation SDK does not return Timeout Error on FaceID authentication times out.
We would like to show a user-friendly message but can not. Description: When attempting to create a duplicate passkey using the ASAuthrorizationController in iOS, the Face ID authentication times out SDK does not return a timeout specific error. Instead, it directly returns an error stating that duplicate passkey cannot be created. SDK to first handle the FaceID timeout case and provide a distinct timeout error so we can gracefully manage this scenario before the duplicate passkey validation occurs. Steps to Reproduce: Implement passkey creation flow using ASAuthorizationController. Attempt to register a duplicate passkey (e.g., using the same user ID and challenge). Let FaceID prompt timeout (do not interact with the authentication prompt).
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252
Dec ’24