Overlay changes color in HDR video When I’m using trying to add an overlay to an image with AVMutableVideoComposition, When the video is in HDR the overlay colors are changing and white becomes grey screen shot from original HDR video result from the code with the wrong overlay colorthe result when reducing to SDR (the right overlay color) the distorted colorsthe way it should look(sdr) Im creating the overlay with a CGContext class CustomHdrCompositor: NSObject, AVVideoCompositing { private let coreImageContext = CIContext(options: [CIContextOption.cacheIntermediates: false]) let combinedFilter = CIFilter(name: "CISourceOverCompositing")! var sourcePixelBufferAttributes: [String: Any]? = [String(kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey): [kCVPixelFormatType_420YpCbCr10BiPlanarVideoRange]] var requiredPixelBufferAttributesForRenderContext: [String: Any] = [String(kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey): [kCVPixelFormatType_420YpCbCr10BiPlanarVideoRange]] var supportsWideColorSourceFrames = true var supportsHDRSourceFrames = true func renderContextChanged(_ newRenderContext: AVVideoCompositionRenderContext) { return } func startRequest(_ request: AVAsynchronousVideoCompositionRequest) { guard let outputPixelBuffer = request.renderContext.newPixelBuffer() else { print("No valid pixel buffer found. Returning.") request.finish(with: CustomCompositorError.ciFilterFailedToProduceOutputImage) return } guard let requiredTrackIDs = request.videoCompositionInstruction.requiredSourceTrackIDs, !requiredTrackIDs.isEmpty else { print("No valid track IDs found in composition instruction.") return } let sourceCount = requiredTrackIDs.count if sourceCount > 1 { request.finish(with: CustomCompositorError.notSupportingMoreThanOneSources) return } if sourceCount == 1 { let sourceID = requiredTrackIDs[0] let sourceBuffer = request.sourceFrame(byTrackID: sourceID.value(of: Int32.self)!)! let sourceCIImage = CIImage(cvPixelBuffer: sourceBuffer) var textImage = TextLayerPlayer.instance.getTextLayerAtTimesStamp(ts:request.compositionTime.seconds) combinedFilter.setValue(textImage, forKey: "inputImage") if let outputImage = combinedFilter.outputImage { let renderDestination = CIRenderDestination(pixelBuffer: outputPixelBuffer) do { try coreImageContext.startTask(toRender: outputImage, to: renderDestination) } catch { } } } request.finish(withComposedVideoFrame: outputPixelBuffer) } } func regularCompositionHdr(asset: AVAsset) -> AVVideoComposition { self.isHdr = checkHdr(asset: asset) let avComposition = AVMutableComposition() let composition = AVMutableVideoComposition() composition.colorPrimaries = AVVideoColorPrimaries_ITU_R_2020 composition.colorTransferFunction = AVVideoTransferFunction_ITU_R_2100_HLG composition.colorYCbCrMatrix = AVVideoYCbCrMatrix_ITU_R_2020 composition.renderSize = assetSize composition.frameDuration = CMTime(value: 1, timescale: 30) composition.customVideoCompositorClass = CustomHdrCompositor.self composition.perFrameHDRDisplayMetadataPolicy = .propagate return composition } I’m using this function to transfer the transparent CGImage to CIImage that supports HDR func convertToHDRCIImage(from cgImage: CGImage, maxBrightness: CGFloat = 3.0) -> CIImage? { // Create a CIImage from the input CGImage let baseImage = CIImage(cgImage: cgImage) // Create HDR color adjustment filter let colorAdjust = CIFilter(name: "CIColorMatrix")! colorAdjust.setValue(baseImage, forKey: kCIInputImageKey) // Calculate HDR multipliers based on maxBrightness // This will maintain color ratios while increasing brightness colorAdjust.setValue(CIVector(x: maxBrightness, y: 0, z: 0, w: 0), forKey: "inputRVector") colorAdjust.setValue(CIVector(x: 0, y: maxBrightness, z: 0, w: 0), forKey: "inputGVector") colorAdjust.setValue(CIVector(x: 0, y: 0, z: maxBrightness, w: 0), forKey: "inputBVector") // Maintain alpha channel colorAdjust.setValue(CIVector(x: 0, y: 0, z: 0, w: 1), forKey: "inputAVector") guard let adjustedImage = colorAdjust.outputImage else { return nil } // Apply color space transformation using CIImage's colorSpace property let transformedImage = adjustedImage.matchedFromWorkingSpace(to: hdrWorkingSpace)! // Create context with HDR color space let context = CIContext(options: [ .workingColorSpace: hdrColorSpace, .outputColorSpace: hdrColorSpace ]) // Get the image bounds let bounds = transformedImage.extent // Create a new pixel buffer with HDR format var pixelBuffer: CVPixelBuffer? let pixelBufferAttributes = [ kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey: kCVPixelFormatType_64RGBAHalf, kCVPixelBufferMetalCompatibilityKey: true ] as CFDictionary CVPixelBufferCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, Int(bounds.width), Int(bounds.height), kCVPixelFormatType_64RGBAHalf, pixelBufferAttributes, &pixelBuffer) guard let destinationBuffer = pixelBuffer else { return nil } context.render(transformedImage, to: destinationBuffer, bounds: bounds, colorSpace: hdrColorSpace) // Create final CIImage from the HDR pixel buffer let finalImage = CIImage(cvPixelBuffer: destinationBuffer, options: [.colorSpace: hdrColorSpace]) return finalImage } When reducing the HDR to SDR it keeps the right color of the overlay with, but than it reduces the HDR effect which I want to keep

We have a Push To Talk application which allow user to record video and audio. When user is recording a video using AVCaptureSession and receive's an Push To Talk call, from moment the Push To Talk call is received the audio in the video which is being captured is stopped while the video capture is still in progress. Here after the PTT call is completed, we have tried restarting the audio session, there are no errors that are getting printed but we still don't see the audio getting restarted in video capture. We have also tried to add a new input for AVCaptureSession we are receiving error that is resulting in video capture stopping, error mentioned below: [OS-PLT] [CameraManager] Movie file finished with error: Error Domain=AVFoundationErrorDomain Code=-11818 "Recording Stopped" UserInfo={AVErrorRecordingSuccessfullyFinishedKey=true, NSLocalizedDescription=Recording Stopped, NSLocalizedRecoverySuggestion=Stop any other actions using the recording device and try again., AVErrorRecordingFailureDomainKey=1, NSUnderlyingError=0x3026bff60 {Error Domain=NSOSStatusErrorDomain Code=-16414 "(null)"}}, success We have also raised a Feedback Ticket on same: https://feedbackassistant.apple.com/feedback/16050598

I see some demo show convert HDR video to SDR Pixelbuffer，such AVAssetReader、 AVVideoComposition 、AVComposition 、AVFoundation. But In some cases，I want to render HDR Pixelbuffer and record video. AVCaptureSession *session = [[AVCaptureSession alloc] init]; session.sessionPreset = AVCaptureSessionPresetHigh; AVCaptureDevice *videoDevice = [AVCaptureDevice defaultDeviceWithMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo]; if ([videoDevice isVideoHDRSupported]) { NSError *error = nil; if ([videoDevice lockForConfiguration:&error]) { videoDevice.automaticallyAdjustsVideoHDREnabled = NO; videoDevice.videoHDREnabled = YES; // 开启 HDR [videoDevice unlockForConfiguration]; } else { NSLog(@"Error: %@", error.localizedDescription); } } Real-time processing of HDR data requires processing of video frame data (such as filters), ensuring that the processing chain supports 10-bit color depth and HDR metadata. And use imagesBuffer to object tracking, etc. How to solve this problem?

I'm experiencing an unexpected behavior with AVURLAsset and cookies. When setting cookies through AVURLAssetHTTPCookiesKey option, they seem to be sent only on the initial request but not on retry attempts. Here's my current implementation: let cookieProperties: [HTTPCookiePropertyKey: Any] = [ .name: "sessionCookie", .value: "testValue", .domain: url.host ?? "", .path: "/", .secure: true ] if let cookie = HTTPCookie(properties: cookieProperties) { let asset = AVURLAsset(url: url, options: [ AVURLAssetHTTPCookiesKey: [cookie], ]) } According to the documentation, AVURLAssetHTTPCookiesKey should apply the cookies to all requests made by this asset. However, when the initial request fails and AVPlayer retries, the cookies are not included in subsequent requests. Only when I store the cookie with HTTPCookieStorage.shared.setCookie, then it persists. Questions: Is this the expected behavior? If not, what could be causing the cookies to not persist for retry attempts? Is using HTTPCookieStorage.shared the recommended approach instead? Environment: iOS 16+ Using AVPlayer with AVURLAsset Streaming HLS content Any insights would be greatly appreciated.

I’ve tried both AVCaptureVideoDataOutputSampleBufferDelegate (captureOutput) and AVCaptureDataOutputSynchronizerDelegate (dataOutputSynchronizer), but the number of depth frames and saved timestamps is significantly lower than the number of frames in the .mp4 file written by AVAssetWriter. In my code, I save: Timestamps for each frame to a metadata file Depth frames to a binary file Video to an .mp4 file If I record a 4-second video at 30fps, the .mp4 file correctly plays for 4 seconds, but the number of stored timestamps and depth frames is much lower—around 70 frames instead of the expected 120. Does anyone know why this mismatch happens? func dataOutputSynchronizer(_ synchronizer: AVCaptureDataOutputSynchronizer, didOutput synchronizedDataCollection: AVCaptureSynchronizedDataCollection) { // Read all outputs guard let syncedDepthData: AVCaptureSynchronizedDepthData = synchronizedDataCollection.synchronizedData(for: depthDataOutput) as? AVCaptureSynchronizedDepthData, let syncedVideoData: AVCaptureSynchronizedSampleBufferData = synchronizedDataCollection.synchronizedData(for: videoDataOutput) as? AVCaptureSynchronizedSampleBufferData else { // only work on synced pairs return } if syncedDepthData.depthDataWasDropped || syncedVideoData.sampleBufferWasDropped { return } let depthData = syncedDepthData.depthData let depthPixelBuffer = depthData.depthDataMap let sampleBuffer = syncedVideoData.sampleBuffer guard let videoPixelBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetImageBuffer(sampleBuffer), let formatDescription = CMSampleBufferGetFormatDescription(sampleBuffer) else { return } addToPreviewStream?(CIImage(cvPixelBuffer: videoPixelBuffer)) if !canWrite() { return } // Extract the presentation timestamp (PTS) from the sample buffer let timestamp = CMSampleBufferGetPresentationTimeStamp(sampleBuffer) //sessionAtSourceTime is the first buffer we will write to the file if self.sessionAtSourceTime == nil { //Make sure we don't start recording until the buffer reaches the correct time (buffer is always behind, this will fix the difference in time) guard sampleBuffer.presentationTimeStamp >= self.recordFromTime! else { return } self.sessionAtSourceTime = sampleBuffer.presentationTimeStamp self.videoWriter!.startSession(atSourceTime: sampleBuffer.presentationTimeStamp) } if self.videoWriterInput!.isReadyForMoreMediaData { self.videoWriterInput!.append(sampleBuffer) self.videoTimestamps.append( Timestamp( frame: videoTimestamps.count, value: timestamp.value, timescale: timestamp.timescale ) ) let ddm = depthData.depthDataMap depthCapture.addDepthData(pixelBuffer: ddm, timestamp: timestamp) } }

Hi, I am a newbie here. We have been given a task to build a robotic vision system to capture an immersive video in a hazed environment, which will later be played on Apple Vision Pro. I am thinking of starting with 2 or 4 basic CMOS camera sensors, such as IMX378, AR0144, or VD66GY, and designing an FPGA-based circuit to synchronously capture and store raw frame-by-frame data. Some frame initial processing such as demosaicing and filtering can also be done by the FPGA. Then, I would use software for post-processing to convert the data into a compatible video format for Apple Vision Pro. Will this idea work? I can handle the raw data capture, but I’m unsure if this approach is feasible and what post-processing software I should use. Thanks a lot for your suggestions! Charlie

I’m currently working on a project where I capture both depth frames and RGB frames using AVCaptureDataOutputSynchronizer. Depth frames are stored as raw binary data and RGB frames are saved with AVAssetWriter. The issue I’m facing is that AVAssetWriter enforces a fixed framerate, meaning it adds or discards frames to maintain that rate (as I understand it). This causes a desynchronization between the depth and RGB frames, which is a problem because I need each depth frame to be exactly matched with the corresponding RGB frame as they were captured. How can I ensure that the RGB frames are saved without AVAssetWriter modifying the frame count?

I am creating an app that decodes H.265 elementary streams on iOS. I use VideoToolBox to decode from H.265 to NV12. The decoded data is enqueued in the CMSampleBufferDisplayLayer as a CMSampleBuffer. However, nothing is displayed in the VideoPlayerView. It remains black. The decoding in VideoToolBox is successful. I confirmed this by saving the NV12 data in the CMSampleBuffer to a file and displaying it using a tool. Why is nothing displayed in the VideoPlayerView? I can provide other source code as well. // // VideoPlayerView.swift // H265Decoder // // Created by Kohshin Tokunaga on 2025/02/15. // import SwiftUI import AVFoundation struct VideoPlayerView: UIViewRepresentable { // Return an H265Player as the coordinator, and start playback there. func makeCoordinator() -> H265Player { H265Player() } func makeUIView(context: Context) -> UIView { let uiView = UIView(frame: .zero) // Base layer for attaching sublayers uiView.backgroundColor = .black // Screen background color (for iOS) // Create the display layer and add it to uiView.layer let displayLayer = context.coordinator.displayLayer displayLayer.frame = uiView.bounds displayLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.clear.cgColor uiView.layer.addSublayer(displayLayer) // Start playback context.coordinator.startPlayback() return uiView } func updateUIView(_ uiView: UIView, context: Context) { // Reset the frame of the AVSampleBufferDisplayLayer when the view's size changes. let displayLayer = context.coordinator.displayLayer displayLayer.frame = uiView.layer.bounds // Optionally update the layer's background color, etc. uiView.backgroundColor = .black displayLayer.backgroundColor = UIColor.clear.cgColor // Flush transactions if necessary CATransaction.flush() } } // // H265Player.swift // H265Decoder // // Created by Kohshin Tokunaga on 2025/02/15. // import Foundation import AVFoundation import CoreMedia class H265Player: NSObject, VideoDecoderDelegate { let displayLayer = AVSampleBufferDisplayLayer() private var decoder: H265Decoder? override init() { super.init() // Initial configuration for the display layer displayLayer.videoGravity = .resizeAspect // Initialize the decoder (delegate = self) decoder = H265Decoder(delegate: self) // For simple playback, set isBaseline to true decoder?.isBaseline = true } func startPlayback() { // Load the file "cars_320x240.h265" guard let url = Bundle.main.url(forResource: "temp2", withExtension: "h265") else { print("File not found") return } do { let data = try Data(contentsOf: url) // Set FPS and video size as needed let packet = VideoPacket(data: data, type: .h265, fps: 30, videoSize: CGSize(width: 1080, height: 1920)) // Decode as a single packet decoder?.decodeOnePacket(packet) } catch { print("Failed to load file: \(error)") } } // MARK: - VideoDecoderDelegate func decodeOutput(video: CMSampleBuffer) { // When decoding is complete, send the output to AVSampleBufferDisplayLayer displayLayer.enqueue(video) } func decodeOutput(error: DecodeError) { print("Decoding error: \(error)") } }

Context We develop an iOS/Apple TV app that allows to play HLS+FP Live streams (custom playback UI), some of which use the same FairPlay content key id. All FairPlay content keys are requested to the same content key server. Implementation Despite Apple documentation warning to not reuse AVContentKeySessions, we use only one AVContentKeySession for all channels which allows the system to reuse the content key when a content key id is met again. As seen in another thread, people seems to think this is OK. Issue When reusing the AVContentKeySession and the user quickly tunes channels multiple times (up to 2 or 3 times per second using gestures), an inconsistency may occur where the content key request for a previous streams is asked to the delegate after a new stream is already being prepared and its AVURLAsset already assigned as the content key session AVContentKeyRecipient. Note that the previous content key recipient is removed before the new one is added. We also have been reported for crashes (though I haven't experienced it myself) when performing multiple channels tunings which makes us think that the AVContentKeySession should definitely not been reused. Note: On the other hand if a new AVContentKeySession is used for each stream, the system systematically requests a content key even if previous streams have used the same content key id. In this case, neither the crash nor the inconsistency issue are observed but it dramatically increases the number of calls to the content key server. Questions Should AVContentKeySessions definitely not be reused? Otherwise, how to handle the inconsistency issue described above?

Hi, I am recording video using my app. And setting up fps also using below code. But sometime video is being recorded using 20 FPS. Can someone please let me know what I am doing wrong? private func eightBitVariantOfFormat() -> AVCaptureDevice.Format? { let activeFormat = self.videoDeviceInput.device.activeFormat let fpsToBeSupported: Int = 60 debugPrint("fpsToBeSupported - \(fpsToBeSupported)" as AnyObject) let allSupportedFormats = self.videoDeviceInput.device.formats debugPrint("all formats - \(allSupportedFormats)" as AnyObject) let activeDimensions = CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetDimensions(activeFormat.formatDescription) debugPrint("activeDimensions - \(activeDimensions)" as AnyObject) let filterBasedOnDimensions = allSupportedFormats.filter({ (CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetDimensions($0.formatDescription).width == activeDimensions.width) && (CMVideoFormatDescriptionGetDimensions($0.formatDescription).height == activeDimensions.height) }) if filterBasedOnDimensions.isEmpty { // Dimension not found. Required format not found to handle. debugPrint("Dimension not found" as AnyObject) return activeFormat } debugPrint("filterBasedOnDimensions - \(filterBasedOnDimensions)" as AnyObject) let filterBasedOnMaxFrameRate = filterBasedOnDimensions.compactMap({ format in let videoSupportedFrameRateRanges = format.videoSupportedFrameRateRanges if !videoSupportedFrameRateRanges.isEmpty { let contains = videoSupportedFrameRateRanges.contains(where: { Int($0.maxFrameRate) >= fpsToBeSupported }) if contains { return format } else { return nil } } else { return nil } }) debugPrint("allFormatsToBeSupported - \(filterBasedOnMaxFrameRate)" as AnyObject) guard !filterBasedOnMaxFrameRate.isEmpty else { debugPrint("Taking default active format as nothing found when filtered using desired FPS" as AnyObject) return activeFormat } var formatToBeUsed: AVCaptureDevice.Format! if let four_two_zero_v = filterBasedOnMaxFrameRate.first(where: { CMFormatDescriptionGetMediaSubType($0.formatDescription) == kCVPixelFormatType_420YpCbCr8BiPlanarVideoRange}) { // 'vide'/'420v' formatToBeUsed = four_two_zero_v } else { // Take the first one from above array. formatToBeUsed = filterBasedOnMaxFrameRate.first } do { try self.videoDeviceInput.device.lockForConfiguration() self.videoDeviceInput.device.activeFormat = formatToBeUsed self.videoDeviceInput.device.activeVideoMinFrameDuration = CMTimeMake(value: 1, timescale: Int32(fpsToBeSupported)) self.videoDeviceInput.device.activeVideoMaxFrameDuration = CMTimeMake(value: 1, timescale: Int32(fpsToBeSupported)) if videoDeviceInput.device.isFocusModeSupported(.continuousAutoFocus) { self.videoDeviceInput.device.focusMode = AVCaptureDevice.FocusMode.continuousAutoFocus } self.videoDeviceInput.device.unlockForConfiguration() } catch let error { debugPrint("\(error)" as AnyObject) } return formatToBeUsed }

Hi, I am recording a video at 240 FPS within my application and saving it to the Photos app. The recorded video retains 240 FPS in the Photos app. However, after trimming the video using the Photos app and importing it back into my app, the FPS is reduced to 30 FPS. Steps to Reproduce: Record a video inside the application at 240 FPS. Save the recorded video to the Photos app. Verify that the video retains 240 FPS in the Photos app. Trim the video using the built-in Photos app editor. Import the trimmed video back into the application. The FPS of the imported video is now reduced to 30 FPS. Code Used for Importing Video: I am using the following code to fetch the video from the Photos app: let options: PHVideoRequestOptions = PHVideoRequestOptions() options.version = .current // Using `.original` preserves FPS, but I need `.current` for other changes options.deliveryMode = .highQualityFormat options.isNetworkAccessAllowed = true PHImageManager.default().requestAVAsset(forVideo: self, options: options) { (avAsset, audioMix, info) in if let urlAsset = avAsset as? AVURLAsset { completionHandler(urlAsset.url, self) } else { self.askForOriginal(completionHandler: completionHandler) } } Observations: The original video retains 240 FPS until it is trimmed in the Photos app. After trimming, the FPS automatically drops to 30 FPS when imported back into the app. If I use options.version = .original, the FPS is preserved, but I need .current to apply other modifications. Questions: Is this an expected behavior of PHImageManager when requesting a video with options.version = .current? Is there a way to preserve the original FPS while still using .current? Are there any workarounds to extract the trimmed video without FPS reduction? Any insights or solutions would be greatly appreciated. Thanks in advance!

No video is playing and the same error is coming. I have tried everything by resetting. Please get an update as soon as possible. error-The operation couldn't be completed. (CoreMediaErrorDomain error -42709.)

When we use AVPlayer to play DRM encrypted streams, it will not play normally under iOS 17.6.1 system version, and there is a high probability of system restart. This is the relevant core error log: error 14:47:53.323369+0800 audiomxd [AirPlayError] carManager_copyProperty_block_invoke:499: got error -12784/0xFFFFCE10 kCMBaseObjectError_PropertyNotFound error 14:47:53.323414+0800 audiomxd [SPEndpointManagerFactory] SidePlay Endpoint Manager creation failed with -72390/0xFFFEE53A error 14:47:53.364949+0800 audiomxd [APBrowserCarSessionHelper] [0xF6AA] [Bonjour/WiFi] Unrecognized ConnectivityHelper event 101 error 14:47:53.375313+0800 audiomxd AddInstanceForFactory: No factory registered for id <CFUUID 0xa5c5118c0> F8BB1C28-BAE8-11D6-9C31-00039315CD46

We're experiencing significant issues with AVPlayer when attempting to play partially downloaded HLS content in offline mode. Our app downloads HLS video content for offline viewing, but users encounter the following problems: Excessive Loading Delay: When offline, AVPlayer attempts to load resources for up to 60 seconds before playing the locally available segments Asset Loss: Sometimes AVPlayer completely loses the asset reference and fails to play the video on subsequent attempts Inconsistent Behavior: The same partially downloaded asset might play immediately in one session but take 30+ seconds in another Network Activity Despite Offline Settings: Despite configuring options to prevent network usage, AVPlayer still appears to be attempting network connections These issues severely impact our offline user experience, especially for users with intermittent connectivity. Technical Details Implementation Context Our app downloads HLS videos for offline viewing using AVAssetDownloadTask. We store the downloaded content locally and maintain a dictionary mapping of file identifiers to local paths. When attempting to play these videos offline, we experience the described issues. Current Implementation Here's our current implementation for playing the videos: - (void)presentNativeAvplayerForVideo:(Video *)video navContext:(NavContext *)context { NSString *localPath = video.localHlsPath; if (localPath) { NSURL *videoURL = [NSURL URLWithString:localPath]; NSDictionary *options = @{ AVURLAssetPreferPreciseDurationAndTimingKey: @YES, AVURLAssetAllowsCellularAccessKey: @NO, AVURLAssetAllowsExpensiveNetworkAccessKey: @NO, AVURLAssetAllowsConstrainedNetworkAccessKey: @NO }; AVURLAsset *asset = [[AVURLAsset alloc] initWithURL:videoURL options:options]; AVPlayerViewController *playerViewController = [[AVPlayerViewController alloc] init]; NSArray *keys = @[@"duration", @"tracks"]; [asset loadValuesAsynchronouslyForKeys:keys completionHandler:^{ dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{ AVPlayerItem *playerItem = [AVPlayerItem playerItemWithAsset:asset]; AVPlayer *player = [AVPlayer playerWithPlayerItem:playerItem]; playerViewController.player = player; [player play]; }); }]; playerViewController.modalPresentationStyle = UIModalPresentationFullScreen; [context presentViewController:playerViewController animated:YES completion:nil]; } } Attempted Solutions We've tried several approaches to mitigate these issues: Modified Asset Options: NSDictionary *options = @{ AVURLAssetPreferPreciseDurationAndTimingKey: @NO, // Changed to NO AVURLAssetAllowsCellularAccessKey: @NO, AVURLAssetAllowsExpensiveNetworkAccessKey: @NO, AVURLAssetAllowsConstrainedNetworkAccessKey: @NO, AVAssetReferenceRestrictionsKey: @(AVAssetReferenceRestrictionForbidRemoteReferenceToLocal) }; Skipped Asynchronous Key Loading: AVPlayerItem *playerItem = [AVPlayerItem playerItemWithAsset:asset automaticallyLoadedAssetKeys:nil]; Modified Player Settings: player.automaticallyWaitsToMinimizeStalling = NO; [playerItem setPreferredForwardBufferDuration:2.0]; Added Network Resource Restrictions: playerItem.canUseNetworkResourcesForLiveStreamingWhilePaused = NO; Used File URLs Instead of HTTP URLs where possible Despite these attempts, the issues persist. Expected vs. Actual Behavior Expected Behavior: AVPlayer should immediately begin playback of locally available HLS segments When offline, it should not attempt to load from network for more than a few seconds Once an asset is successfully played, it should be reliably available for future playback Actual Behavior: AVPlayer waits 10-60 seconds before playing locally available segments Network activity is observed despite all network-restricting options Sometimes the player fails completely to play a previously available asset Behavior is inconsistent between playback attempts with the same asset Questions: What is the recommended approach for playing partially downloaded HLS content offline with minimal delay? Is there a way to force AVPlayer to immediately use available local segments without attempting to load from the network? Are there any known issues with AVPlayer losing references to locally stored HLS assets? What diagnostic steps would you recommend to track down the specific cause of these delays? Does AVFoundation have specific timeouts for offline HLS playback that could be configured? Any guidance would be greatly appreciated as this issue is significantly impacting our user experience. Device Information iOS Versions Tested: 14.5 - 18.1 Device Models: iPhone 12, iPhone 13, iPhone 14, iPhone 15 Xcode Version: 15.3-16.2.1

I am trying to achieve an animated gradient effect that changes values over time based on the current seconds. I am also using AVPlayer and AVMutableVideoComposition along with custom instruction and class to generate the effect. I didn't want to load any video file, but rather generate a custom video with my own set of instructions. I used Metal Compute shaders to generate the effects and make the video to be 20 seconds. However, when I run the code, I get a frozen player with the gradient applied, but when I try to play the video, I get this warning in the console :- Visual isTranslatable: NO; reason: observation failure: noObservations Here is the screenshot :- My entire code :- import AVFoundation import Metal class GradientVideoCompositorTest: NSObject, AVVideoCompositing { var sourcePixelBufferAttributes: [String: Any]? = [ kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey as String: kCVPixelFormatType_32BGRA ] var requiredPixelBufferAttributesForRenderContext: [String: Any] = [ kCVPixelBufferPixelFormatTypeKey as String: kCVPixelFormatType_32BGRA ] private var renderContext: AVVideoCompositionRenderContext? private var metalDevice: MTLDevice! private var metalCommandQueue: MTLCommandQueue! private var metalLibrary: MTLLibrary! private var metalPipeline: MTLComputePipelineState! override init() { super.init() setupMetal() } func setupMetal() { guard let device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice(), let queue = device.makeCommandQueue(), let library = try? device.makeDefaultLibrary(), let function = library.makeFunction(name: "gradientShader") else { fatalError("Metal setup failed") } self.metalDevice = device self.metalCommandQueue = queue self.metalLibrary = library self.metalPipeline = try? device.makeComputePipelineState(function: function) } func renderContextChanged(_ newRenderContext: AVVideoCompositionRenderContext) { renderContext = newRenderContext } func startRequest(_ request: AVAsynchronousVideoCompositionRequest) { guard let outputPixelBuffer = renderContext?.newPixelBuffer(), let metalTexture = createMetalTexture(from: outputPixelBuffer) else { request.finish(with: NSError(domain: "com.example.gradient", code: -1, userInfo: nil)) return } var time = Float(request.compositionTime.seconds) renderGradient(to: metalTexture, time: time) request.finish(withComposedVideoFrame: outputPixelBuffer) } private func createMetalTexture(from pixelBuffer: CVPixelBuffer) -> MTLTexture? { var texture: MTLTexture? let width = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(pixelBuffer) let height = CVPixelBufferGetHeight(pixelBuffer) let textureDescriptor = MTLTextureDescriptor.texture2DDescriptor( pixelFormat: .bgra8Unorm, width: width, height: height, mipmapped: false ) textureDescriptor.usage = [.shaderWrite, .shaderRead] CVPixelBufferLockBaseAddress(pixelBuffer, .readOnly) if let textureCache = createTextureCache(), let cvTexture = createCVMetalTexture(from: pixelBuffer, cache: textureCache) { texture = CVMetalTextureGetTexture(cvTexture) } CVPixelBufferUnlockBaseAddress(pixelBuffer, .readOnly) return texture } private func renderGradient(to texture: MTLTexture, time: Float) { guard let commandBuffer = metalCommandQueue.makeCommandBuffer(), let commandEncoder = commandBuffer.makeComputeCommandEncoder() else { return } commandEncoder.setComputePipelineState(metalPipeline) commandEncoder.setTexture(texture, index: 0) var mutableTime = time commandEncoder.setBytes(&mutableTime, length: MemoryLayout<Float>.size, index: 0) let threadsPerGroup = MTLSize(width: 16, height: 16, depth: 1) let threadGroups = MTLSize( width: (texture.width + 15) / 16, height: (texture.height + 15) / 16, depth: 1 ) commandEncoder.dispatchThreadgroups(threadGroups, threadsPerThreadgroup: threadsPerGroup) commandEncoder.endEncoding() commandBuffer.commit() } private func createTextureCache() -> CVMetalTextureCache? { var cache: CVMetalTextureCache? CVMetalTextureCacheCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, nil, metalDevice, nil, &cache) return cache } private func createCVMetalTexture(from pixelBuffer: CVPixelBuffer, cache: CVMetalTextureCache) -> CVMetalTexture? { var cvTexture: CVMetalTexture? let width = CVPixelBufferGetWidth(pixelBuffer) let height = CVPixelBufferGetHeight(pixelBuffer) CVMetalTextureCacheCreateTextureFromImage( kCFAllocatorDefault, cache, pixelBuffer, nil, .bgra8Unorm, width, height, 0, &cvTexture ) return cvTexture } } class GradientCompositionInstructionTest: NSObject, AVVideoCompositionInstructionProtocol { var timeRange: CMTimeRange var enablePostProcessing: Bool = true var containsTweening: Bool = true var requiredSourceTrackIDs: [NSValue]? = nil var passthroughTrackID: CMPersistentTrackID = kCMPersistentTrackID_Invalid init(timeRange: CMTimeRange) { self.timeRange = timeRange } } func createGradientVideoComposition(duration: CMTime, size: CGSize) -> AVMutableVideoComposition { let composition = AVMutableComposition() let instruction = GradientCompositionInstructionTest(timeRange: CMTimeRange(start: .zero, duration: duration)) let videoComposition = AVMutableVideoComposition() videoComposition.customVideoCompositorClass = GradientVideoCompositorTest.self videoComposition.renderSize = size videoComposition.frameDuration = CMTime(value: 1, timescale: 30) // 30 FPS videoComposition.instructions = [instruction] return videoComposition } #include <metal_stdlib> using namespace metal; kernel void gradientShader(texture2d<float, access::write> output [[texture(0)]], constant float &time [[buffer(0)]], uint2 id [[thread_position_in_grid]]) { float2 uv = float2(id) / float2(output.get_width(), output.get_height()); // Animated colors based on time float3 color1 = float3(sin(time) * 0.8 + 0.1, 0.6, 1.0); float3 color2 = float3(0.12, 0.99, cos(time) * 0.9 + 0.3); // Linear interpolation for gradient float3 gradientColor = mix(color1, color2, uv.y); output.write(float4(gradientColor, 1.0), id); }

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