Hello,
Please guide me if there is a way to show a simple toast to a user that the action has been performed. When a user taps on a button, an api returns a status based on which I need to show appropriate message as a toast. Is this possible in CarPlay? If not, why? Please suggest any alternative for this.
Awaiting your response
Thanks a lot!!
Explore the various UI frameworks available for building app interfaces. Discuss the use cases for different frameworks, share best practices, and get help with specific framework-related questions.
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I am creating a Bible app with SwiftUI using Text in the background and a PKCanvasView in the front to mark the text and take notes. The user can modify the font and its size and you can navigate to different books and chapters. Each chapter's text has a different size causing the PKCanvasView to have varying sizes. The width of the canvas is always the same but the height changes based on these parameters I just mentioned.
If the chapter is long and the height of the canvas exceeds 4000 or some settings cause the text to make the views bound to go beyond 4000, the drawing will enlarge or appear to be occurring in a different location than my pencil. As soon as I lift my pencil, the drawing snaps to the place it belongs.
var body: some View {
HStack(spacing: 0) {
// Main content container
ScrollView {
ZStack {
// Text content
VStack {
if let chapter = viewModel.currentChapterText {
HStack {
Text(AttributedString(chapter.html(fontName: fontName, fontSize: fontSize, showVerses: showVerse, showFootnotes: showFootnotes)))
.padding()
.frame(width: textWidth, alignment: .leading)
Color.clear
}
.frame(width: canvasWidth)
} else {
Text("Select a book to begin reading")
.foregroundColor(.gray)
}
}
// Drawing canvas overlay
if showingDrawingTools {
DrawingCanvasView(
canvasView: $canvasView,
toolPicker: toolPicker,
frame: CGSize(width: deviceWidth, height: deviceHeight),
onSave: saveDrawing
)
}
}
}
}
.onChange(of: viewModel.currentChapter) { oldValue, newValue in
print("BibleContentView - chapter text changed")
}
}
Problem Description
We are developing a app for iOS and iPadOS that involves extensive custom drawing of paths, shapes, texts, etc. To improve drawing and rendering speed, we use CARenderer to generate cached images (CGImage) on a background thread. We adopted this approach based on this StackOverflow post: https://stackoverflow.com/a/75497329/9202699.
However, we are experiencing frequent crashes in our production environment that we can hardly reproduce in our development environment. Despite months of debugging and seeking support from DTS and the Apple Feedback platform, we have not been able to fully resolve this issue. Our recent crash reports indicate that the crashes occur when calling CATransaction.commit().
We suspect that CATransaction may not be functioning properly outside the main thread. However, based on feedback from the Apple Feedback platform, we were advised to use CATransaction.begin() and CATransaction.commit() on a background thread.
If anyone has any insights, we would greatly appreciate it.
Code Sample
The line CATransaction.commit() is causing the crash: [EXC_BREAKPOINT: com.apple.root.****-qos.cooperative]
private let transactionLock = NSLock() // to ensure one transaction at a time
private let device = MTLCreateSystemDefaultDevice()!
@inline(never)
static func drawOnCGImageWithCARenderer(
layerRect: CGRect,
itemsToDraw: [ItemsToDraw]
)
-> CGImage? {
// We have encapsulated everything related to CALayer and its
// associated creations and manipulations within CATransaction
// as suggested by engineers from Apple Feedback Portal.
transactionLock.lock()
CATransaction.begin()
// Create the root layer.
let layer = CALayer()
layer.bounds = layerRect
layer.masksToBounds = true
// Add one sublayer for each item to draw
itemsToDraw.forEach { item in
// We have thousands or hundred thousands of drawing items to add.
// Each drawing item may produce a CALayer, CAShapeLayer or CATextLayer.
// This is also why we want to utilise CARenderer to leverage GPU rendering.
layer.addSublayer(
item.createCALayerOrCATextLayerOrCAShapeLayer()
)
}
// Create MTLTexture and CARenderer.
let textureDescriptor = MTLTextureDescriptor.texture2DDescriptor(
pixelFormat: .rgba8Unorm,
width: Int(layer.frame.size.width),
height: Int(layer.frame.size.height),
mipmapped: false
)
textureDescriptor.usage = [MTLTextureUsage.shaderRead, .shaderWrite, .renderTarget]
let texture = device.makeTexture(descriptor: textureDescriptor)!
let renderer = CARenderer(mtlTexture: texture)
renderer.bounds = layer.frame
renderer.layer = layer.self
/* ********************************************************* */
// From our crash report, this is where the crash happens.
CATransaction.commit()
/* ********************************************************* */
transactionLock.unlock()
// Rendering layers onto MTLTexture using CARenderer.
renderer.beginFrame(atTime: 0, timeStamp: nil)
renderer.render()
renderer.endFrame()
// Draw MTLTexture onto image.
guard
let colorSpace = CGColorSpace(name: CGColorSpace.sRGB),
let ciImage = CIImage(mtlTexture: texture, options: [.colorSpace: colorSpace]) else {
return nil
}
// Convert CIImage to CGImage.
let context = CIContext()
return context.createCGImage(ciImage, from: ciImage.extent)
}
How to share 'back facing' iOS camera app at same time Eye Tracking app needs 'front facing' camera?
While using my xmas present of a new iPhone and iOS 18.2, I figured I'd try the Eye Tracker app. I've been working with clients successfully using Tobii and other existing eye trackers. In my limited tests, Apple has room for improvement.
My main issue is with the camera app which cannot be used at the same time while using the Eye Tracker app. I get an error popup from Apple:
Camera is use by another app
The image below is from my app showing the popup message "Camera in use by another app", but the same error occurs on the installed camera app. This error is from Apple, not my app.
For terminology: 'front' camera is the one pointing at the user (the selfi camera) while 'back' camera is the main one with multiple lenses. Eye tracking needs the 'front' camera.
It seems when an app uses the camera, it takes over both the front and back facing cameras (since you might swap them). Thus another app, especially Eye Tracking, cannot use just the front facing camera at the same time.
That limits use of Eye Tracking, in particular one cannot take pictures or click any buttons on an app that uses the camera.
Anyone know of a way for an app to not take over both front and back cameras at the same time? If I can separate them, the Eye Tracker could use the front camera while the camera uses the back camera.
Hello. I am building an app that shows my walk workouts and in the detail view I want to show the route I took while walking, similar to that of the Apple Fitness App. There is a problem though, I cannot seem to understand how to connect the @State property workoutLocations array that would be used to draw the route on the map with what I get from the query. The task does successfully fetches the data but then when I try to use it later in a do-catch block nothing happens. What am I missing here?
import SwiftUI
import MapKit
import HealthKit
struct DetailView: View {
@Environment(HealthKitManager.self) var healthKitManager
let workout: HKWorkout
@State private var workoutLocations: [CLLocation] = []
var body: some View {
ScrollView {
//...
}
.task {
guard let store = self.healthKitManager.healthStore else {
fatalError("healthStore is nil. App is in invalid state.")
}
let walkingObjectQuery = HKQuery.predicateForObjects(from: workout)
let routeQuery = HKAnchoredObjectQueryDescriptor(predicates: [.workoutRoute(walkingObjectQuery)], anchor: nil)
let queryResults = routeQuery.results(for: store)
let task = Task {
var workoutRouteLocations: [CLLocation] = []
for try await result in queryResults {
let routeSamples = result.addedSamples
for routeSample in routeSamples {
let routeQueryDescriptor = HKWorkoutRouteQueryDescriptor(routeSample)
let locations = routeQueryDescriptor.results(for: store)
for try await location in locations {
workoutRouteLocations.append(location)
print(workoutRouteLocations.count) // this prints out the number of locations in the sample.
}
}
}
return workoutRouteLocations
}
do {
print(try await task.value.count) // this prints nothing. Therefore if I try to update workoutLocations array from here it would do nothing as well
// workoutLocations = try await task.value therefore does nothing and the array just doesn't get populated with the results of the task
} catch {
print(error)
}
}
}
}
Hi
I am drawing TextKit2 managed NSAttributedStrings into a NSBitmapImageRep successfully, enumerating the Text Layout Fragments is giving me bogus background drawing
This is the core drawing code, its pretty simple: I manage the flipped property myself since NSTextLayoutManager assumes a flipped coordinate.
if let context = NSGraphicsContext(bitmapImageRep: self.textImageRep!)
{
NSGraphicsContext.current = context
let rect = NSRect(origin: .zero, size: self.outputSize)
NSColor.clear.set()
rect.fill()
// Flip the context
context.cgContext.saveGState()
context.cgContext.translateBy(x: 0, y: self.outputSize.height)
context.cgContext.scaleBy(x: 1.0, y: -1.0)
let textOrigin = CGPoint(x: 0.0, y: 0.0 )
let titleRect = CGRect(origin: textOrigin, size: self.themeTextContainer.size)
NSColor.orange.withAlphaComponent(1).set()
titleRect.fill()
self.layoutManager.enumerateTextLayoutFragments(from: nil, using: { textLayoutFragment in
// Get the fragment's rendering bounds
let fragmentBounds = textLayoutFragment.layoutFragmentFrame
print("fragmentBounds: \(fragmentBounds)")
// Render the fragment into the context
textLayoutFragment.draw(at: fragmentBounds.origin, in: context.cgContext)
return true
})
context.cgContext.restoreGState()
}
NSGraphicsContext.restoreGraphicsState()
I have a mutable string which has various paragraph styles which I add to the layout manager / text storage like so
let titleParagraphStyle = NSMutableParagraphStyle()
titleParagraphStyle.alignment = .center
titleParagraphStyle.lineBreakMode = .byWordWrapping
titleParagraphStyle.lineBreakStrategy = .standard
var range = NSMakeRange(0, self.attributedProgrammingBlockTitle.length)
self.attributedProgrammingBlockTitle.addAttribute(.foregroundColor, value: NSColor(red: 243.0/255.0, green: 97.0/255.0, blue: 97.0/255.0, alpha: 1.0), range:range)
self.attributedProgrammingBlockTitle.addAttribute(.backgroundColor, value: NSColor.cyan, range:range)
self.attributedProgrammingBlockTitle.addAttribute(.font, value: NSFont.systemFont(ofSize: 64), range:range)
self.attributedProgrammingBlockTitle.addAttribute(.paragraphStyle, value:titleParagraphStyle, range:range)
range = NSMakeRange(0, self.attributedThemeTitle.length)
self.attributedThemeTitle.addAttribute(.foregroundColor, value: NSColor.white, range:range )
self.attributedThemeTitle.addAttribute(.backgroundColor, value: NSColor.purple, range:range)
self.attributedThemeTitle.addAttribute(.font, value: NSFont.systemFont(ofSize: 48), range:range)
self.attributedThemeTitle.addAttribute(.paragraphStyle, value:NSParagraphStyle.default, range:range)
range = NSMakeRange(0, self.attributedText.length)
self.attributedText.addAttribute(.foregroundColor, value: NSColor.white, range:range )
self.attributedText.addAttribute(.backgroundColor, value: NSColor.yellow, range:range)
self.attributedText.addAttribute(.font, value: NSFont.systemFont(ofSize: 36), range:range)
self.attributedText.addAttribute(.paragraphStyle, value:NSParagraphStyle.default, range:range)
let allText = NSMutableAttributedString()
allText.append(self.attributedProgrammingBlockTitle)
allText.append(NSAttributedString(string: "\n\r"))
allText.append(self.attributedThemeTitle)
allText.append(NSAttributedString(string: "\n\r"))
allText.append(self.attributedText)
self.textStorage.textStorage?.beginEditing()
self.textStorage.textStorage?.setAttributedString(allText)
self.textStorage.textStorage?.endEditing()
self.layoutManager.ensureLayout(for: self.layoutManager.documentRange)
however, i get incorrect drawing for the background color font attributes. Its origin is zero, and not correctly aligned at all with the text.
How can I get correct rendering of backgrounds from TextKit2?
Here is an image of my output:
This class is throwing an NSInternalInconsistencyException immediately after my app delegate gets an ApplicationWillResignActive message as shown below. This happens only on 15.2.
In the Event processing run loop in my NSApplication subclass, I added a couple of lines to monitor the value of "mainWindow" as defined in NSApplication. It contains a valid window pointer until after the ApplicationWillResignActive message. FYI I do not appear to ever get a ApplicationDidResignActive call.
My questions:
What is NSUIActivityDocumentMonitor and what exactly does it do? I can find no documentation on it at all. Should I assume it is created by NSDocument? Can or should I prevent its creation?
The error text implies that my NSApplication subclass is not sending out a notification when its "mainWindow" property changes (in my case it appears to get changed to nil as a result of resigning the active state). That has never been an issue before now.
This does not occur on ANY other prior macOS releases including 15.1. How can I prevent this error that is being thrown by a previously unknown class? Are there new recommended actions I should take when I get the ApplicationWillResignActive call? Wouldn't NSApplication/NSObject handle the KVO compliance issue (notify observers of a change to "mainWindow")?
FYI, this only happens when I have an opened document window (either new or opened from the desktop).
If I ignore the error in my run loop, the app continues normally in the background and can be brought back to be the front app no problem.
I'm at my wits end trying to get rid of this (properly instead of ignoring the error) and could use some guidance. This is a mature app in use by many clients. Objective C.
Hi,
I'd like to call an Async function upon a state change or onAppear() but I'm not sure how to do so. Below is my code:
.onAppear() {
if !subscribed {
await Subscriptions().checkSubscriptionStatus()
}
}
class Subscriptions {
var subscribed = UserDefaults.standard.bool(forKey: "subscribed")
func checkSubscriptionStatus() async {
if !subscribed {
await loadProducts()
}
}
func loadProducts() async {
for await purchaseIntent in PurchaseIntent.intents {
// Complete the purchase workflow.
await purchaseProduct(purchaseIntent.product)
}
}
func purchaseProduct(_ product: Product) async {
// Complete the purchase workflow.
do {
try await product.purchase()
}
catch {
// Add your error handling here.
}
// Add your remaining purchase workflow here.
}
}
I'm upgrading my app from minVersion iOS 11 to iOS 12. My compiler says that UIDocumentMenuViewController with UIDocumentPickerViewController is deprecated, they recommend to use directly the last one. So I change the code.
fileprivate func openDocumentPicker() {
let documentPicker = UIDocumentPickerViewController(
documentTypes: [
"com.adobe.pdf",
"org.openxmlformats.wordprocessingml.document", // DOCX
"com.microsoft.word.doc" // DOC
],
in: .import
)
documentPicker.delegate = self
view.window?.rootViewController?.present(documentPicker, animated: true, completion: nil)
}
When I open the picker in iOS 17.2 simulator and under it is well shown, like a page sheet. But in iOS 18.0 and up at first it opens like a page sheet with no content but then it is displayed as a transparent window with no content. Is there any issue with this component and iOS 18? If I open the picker through UIDocumentMenuViewControllerDelegate in an iphone with iOS 18.2 it is well shown.
Image in iOS 18.2 with the snippet
The same snippet in iOS 17.2 (and expected in older ones)
I’m currently working on a SwiftUI project and trying to implement a transition effect similar to ZoomTransitions. However, I’ve run into an issue.
When transitioning from Page A to Page B using .navigationTransition(.zoom(sourceID: "world", in: animation)), Page A shrinks as expected, but its background color changes to the default white instead of the color I preset.
I want the background color of Page A to remain consistent with my preset during the entire transition process. Here’s a simplified version of my code:
Page A
PartnerCard()
.matchedTransitionSource(id: item.id, in: animation)
Page B
``.navigationTransition(.zoom(sourceID: "world", in: animation))
I'm trying to create two widgets, widget A and B.
Currently A and B are very similar so they share the same Intent and Intent Timeline Provider.
I use the Intent Configuration interface to set a parameter, in this example lets say its the background tint.
On one of the widgets, widget A, I want to also set another String enum parameter (for a timescale), but I don't want this option to be there for widget B as it's not relevant.
I'm aware of some of the options for configuring the ParameterSummary, but none that let me pass in or inject the "kind" string (or widget ID) of the widget that's being modified.
I'll try to provide some code for examples.
My Widget Definition (targeting >= iOS 17)
struct WidgetA: Widget {
// I'd like to access this parameter within the intent
let kind: String = "WidgetA"
var body: some WidgetConfiguration {
AppIntentConfiguration(kind: kind, intent: WidgetIntent.self, provider: IntentTimelineProvider()) { entry in
WidgetView(data: entry)
}
.configurationDisplayName("Widget A")
.description("A widget.")
.supportedFamilies([.systemMedium, .systemLarge])
}
}
struct WidgetB: Widget {
let kind: String = "WidgetB"
var body: some WidgetConfiguration {
AppIntentConfiguration(kind: kind, intent: WidgetIntent.self, provider: IntentTimelineProvider()) { entry in
WidgetView(data: entry)
}
.configurationDisplayName("Widget B")
.description("B widget.")
.supportedFamilies([.systemMedium, .systemLarge])
}
}
struct IntentTimelineProvider: AppIntentTimelineProvider {
typealias Entry = WidgetIntentTimelineEntry
typealias Intent = WidgetIntent
........
}
struct WidgetIntent: AppIntent, WidgetConfigurationIntent {
// This intent allows configuration of the widget background
// This intent also allows for the widget to display interactive buttons for changing the Trend Type
static var title: LocalizedStringResource = "Widget Configuration"
static var description = IntentDescription("Description.")
static var isDiscoverable: Bool { return false}
init() {}
init(trend:String) {
self.trend = trend
}
// Used for implementing interactive Widget
func perform() async throws -> some IntentResult {
print("WidgetIntent perform \(trend)")
#if os(iOS)
WidgetState.setState(type: trend)
#endif
return .result()
}
@Parameter(title: "Trend Type", default: "Trend")
var trend:String
// I only want to show this parameter for Widget A and not Widget B
@Parameter(title: "Trend Timescale", default: .week)
var timescale: TimescaleTypeAppEnum?
@Parameter(title: "Background Tint", default: BackgroundTintTypeAppEnum.none)
var backgroundTint: BackgroundTintTypeAppEnum?
static var parameterSummary: some ParameterSummary {
// Summary("Test Info") {
// \.$timescale
// \.$backgroundTint
// }
// An example of a configurable widget parameter summary, but not based of kind/ID string
When(\.$backgroundTint, .equalTo, BackgroundTintTypeAppEnum.none) {
Summary("Test Info") {
\.$timescale
\.$backgroundTint
}
} otherwise : {
Summary("Test Info") {
\.$backgroundTint
}
}
}
}
enum TimescaleTypeAppEnum: String, AppEnum {
case week
case fortnight
static var typeDisplayRepresentation = TypeDisplayRepresentation(name: "Trend Timescale")
static var caseDisplayRepresentations: [Self: DisplayRepresentation] = [
.week: "Past Week",
.fortnight: "Past Fortnight"
]
}
enum BackgroundTintTypeAppEnum: String, AppEnum {
case blue
case none
static var typeDisplayRepresentation = TypeDisplayRepresentation(name: "Background Tint")
static var caseDisplayRepresentations: [Self: DisplayRepresentation] = [
.none: "None (Default)",
.blue: "Blue"
]
}
I know I could achieve what I'm after by having a separate Intent and separate IntentTimelineProvider for each widget. But this all seems unnessecary for just a simple optional parameter based on what widget its configuring.... unless I'm missing the point about Intents, Widgets or something!
I've done a fair bit of other searching but can't find an answer to this overall scenario.
Many thanks for any help.
I have an app on the Mac App Store (so sandboxed) that includes a QuickLook Preview Extension that targets Markdown files. It established a QLPreviewingController instance for the macOS QuickLook system to access and it works.
I'm in the process of updating it so that it displays inline images referenced in the file as well as styling the file's text. However, despite setting Downloads folder read-only access permission (and user-selected, though I know that shouldn't be required: no open/save dialogs here) in the extension's entitlements, Sandbox refuses too allow access to the test image: I always get a deny(1) file-read-data error in the log.
FWIW, the test file is referenced in the source Markdown as an absolute unix file path.
I've tried different signings and no joy. I’ve tried placing the referenced image in various other locations. Also no joy. All I can display is the error-case bundle image for 'missing image'.
Question is, is this simply something that QuickLook extensions cannot do from within the sandbox, or am I missing something? Is there anything extra I can do to debug this?
I want to visualize the data stored in a DataFrame using various charts (barmark, sectormark, linemark, etc.).
My questions are as follows:
Can a DataFrame be used directly within a chart? If so, could you provide a simple example?
If it cannot be used directly, what is the correct way to use it? Could you provide an example?
Thank you for your help.
Best regards.
Hi,
I see some apps like LinkedIn that doesn't support multi view or split views on iPad, but seems this feature is enabled by default to any new project in Xcode, how to disable it ?
Kind Regards
I have some apps using SwiftData document based. They work as expected under iOS17, but not under iOS18:
install the app on a iPad 11 pro (first gen) from my MacBook
open the app and open an existing fils (perfect under iOS17)
it shows a blank, white screen, no data
I can create a new document, blank screen, no data
When I open that newly created file on a iOS 17 iPad pro, it works perfect, as expected
The apps were created from scratch under macOS 14.7 with the corresponding Xcode/Swift/UI version. iOS devices under iOS17
Are there any known problems with document based SwiftData-apps under iOS18, are there any changes one has to made?
Thank You so much for any help!
Could an Apple employee that works on SwiftUI please explain the update() func in the DynamicProperty protocol? The docs have ambiguous information, e.g.
"Updates the underlying value of the stored value."
and
"SwiftUI calls this function before rendering a view’s body to ensure the view has the most recent value."
From: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/swiftui/dynamicproperty/update()
How can it both set the underlying value and get the most recent value? What does underlying value mean? What does stored value mean?
E.g. Is the code below correct?
struct MyProperty: DynamicProperty {
var x = 0
mutating func update() {
// get x from external storage
x = storage.loadX()
}
}
Or should it be:
struct MyProperty: DynamicProperty {
let x: Int
init(x: Int) {
self.x = x
}
func update() {
// set x on external storage
storage.save(x: x)
}
}
This has always been a mystery to me because of the ambigious docs so thought it was time to post a question.
Hello, everyone!
I'm currently working on creating tests for a study project in Swift. My current task is to create a test to check if a file is saved correctly.
The workflow in the app is as follows:
Launch the app.
Open a file within the app.
Modify the file.
Save it inside the app.
Save it to the Files app.
I need to verify if the saved file in the Files app is identical to a base file stored in the app bundle.
Initially, I thought I could solve this by creating a UI test, which I've already implemented up to a certain point. The UI test successfully navigates through the workflow steps until it's time to compare the saved file with the base file.
The problem is that I cannot open a saved file from the Files app in a UI test because it operates in a sandboxed environment and cannot interact with external app scopes.
So, my question is: What should I do in this case?
Would it be better to create a unit test specifically for testing the save function and ensure the UI test only verifies if the expected filename exists in the Files app?
I would prefer an end-to-end (E2E) test that covers the entire workflow, but it seems Swift splits tests into Unit and UI test groups, making this approach less straightforward.
Any suggestions or best practices would be greatly appreciated!
The aim is to save the data of a program in 2 different formats of choice, say type1 (default) and type2.
No problem when + (BOOL)autosavesInPlace is NO, you can save as… and get a choice.
No problem when + (BOOL)autosavesInPlace is YES and you created a new document, you can choose when saving.
But you do not get a choice when you created the new file by duplicating a existing file. It takes the type of the latter.
(Using dataOfType:error:, but did not find a solution either by using writeToURL:ofType:error:, duplicateDocument:, etc.)
On macOS 15.2, any Mac Catalyst project that does not support portrait iPad orientation will no longer be able to successfully show the contents of any popover controls. This does not appear to be a problem on earlier versions of macOS and it only affects Mac Catalyst builds, not "Designed for iPad" builds.
STEPS TO REPRODUCE
Create a project that utilizes Mac Catalyst.
Create a simple button that shows a popover with simple content.
Remove Portrait as a supported orientation.
Run the project on macOS 15.2 as a Mac Catalyst build. Note that the content inside the popover is not shown the popover is shown.
Run the project as Designed for iPad. Note that the popover content shows correctly.
In my macOS app I have a SwiftUI list that starts like this:
List(selection: $selection) {
HStack {
Label("Staging", systemImage: "arrow.up.square")
Spacer()
WorkspaceStatusBadge(unstagedCount: model.statusCounts.unstaged,
stagedCount: model.statusCounts.staged)
}
(where WorkspaceStatusBadge is a custom view that just contains a Text)
I'm trying to set the accessibility ID of that first cell so I can find it in XCUITest. If I apply the accessibilityIdentifier() modifier to the HStack, it instead sets the ID of the two static text elements inside it, and the cell still has no ID.
I could find the cell based on the ID of the child staticText, but I have some other cases where this doesn't work as well.
If I use .accessibilityElement() on the HStack, then XCUI sees a cell containing a Group element with the ID. This might be workable, but it's certainly not ideal.
So how do I set the ID of the cell itself?