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Explore the networking protocols and technologies used by the device to connect to Wi-Fi networks, Bluetooth devices, and cellular data services.

Networking Documentation

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Allow "Browser" to find devices on local networks
Hi, I am developing the browser based on Chromium, which initially relies on the nw_browser stack for discovering locally available network resources. We have observed an issue where, after each software update—specifically, whenever additional files are written into the application bundle—a popup appears requesting the user to allow local network access, even if this permission was already granted. The behavior is reproducible: simply overwriting files in the app bundle (we are using rsync as Chromium), even while the application is already running, causes the prompt to reappear. We have also noticed that Chromium itself exhibits the same behavior. Also I found the mess in system settings, it has several Google Chrome for example: https://www.loom.com/share/da401f39ab134628807d77f1ca3185f5?from_recorder=1&focus_title=1 We would like to provide a smoother experience for our users and avoid confusing them with repeated permission prompts. Could you please advise on possible approaches or best practices to improve our update mechanism in this regard?
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265
Sep ’25
App in China is good, but app in Japan is bad, why? SSL?
Macbook OS Version: macOS 14.7.3 (23H417) Mobile OS: iOS Mobile OS Version: iOS 18.6.2 Mobile Manufacturer: Apple Mobile Model: iPhone 12 Pro Max Page Type: vue vue Version: vue2 Packaging Method: Cloud Packaging Project Creation Method: HBuilderX Steps: The backend server is deployed on AWS in Japan with a Japanese IP. Packaging the APP in HBuilderX and publishing it to the Apple App Store were both successful. In a subsequent version, we planned to add a push notification feature and selected uniPush V2. Due to the separation of frontend and backend, the frontend APP implements functions such as registration, login, password change, page content display, and product lists through the server's RESTful APIs. Test colleagues reported that the APP could not load pages when used in Japan; however, it worked normally in China. In China: Pinging the server IP and domain from a MacBook was successful. Testing the API with Postman on a MacBook was successful. In Japan: Pinging the server IP and domain from a MacBook was successful. Testing the API with Postman on a MacBook failed with the error: HandshakeException: Connection terminated during handshake This appears to be an SSL communication failure. We tested the SSL certificate using www.ssllabs.com/ssltest and received an A+ rating. The certificate should not be an issue. we deselected uniPush V2, repackaged the APP, and uploaded it to TestFlight. The result remained the same: the APP content failed to load in Japan, while it worked normally in China. Expected Result: Access to the Japanese server APIs should work normally both in China and Japan. Actual Result: The APP content fails to load when used in Japan, but works normally in China.
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195
Sep ’25
VPN Split DNS behaviour
I encountered an undesired DNS behaviour when using L2TP/ipsec VPN. I have DHCP configured Wi-Fi connection, which send dns servers and search domain (192.168.0.10, lan) VPN sends its own DNS server (10.0.0.2), search domain (intranet) is added manually in VPN DNS config settings. I expect, when VPN is connected, to be still able to resolve local names, i.e some-host.lan. However, they become unresolvable. quick check shows that the remote dns server is used to resolve local names. shilishper@mac ~ % host -v some-host.lan Trying "some-host.lan" Host some-host.lan not found: 3(NXDOMAIN) Received 106 bytes from 10.0.0.2#53 in 16 ms Received 106 bytes from 10.0.0.2#53 in 16 ms Actually, all dns queries are going to the remote server. I would expect that only queries for the configured domain (intranet) should go to that server. I played with the service order, but it didn't change anything. Is anything can be done about this, programmatically? PS new to macOS, but have extensive linux knowledge
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Sep ’25
Multicast Entitlements
Hi, I am having a ton of issues with the new multicast/network entitlements requirements on MacOS. Basically, since my app didn't request these new entitlements until recently, if the app had been installed without these permissions enabled, it will not pick up the new permissions once they are enabled. The only options I had were to create a new user, and install the app under the new user, which works, but is not a real solution for users. This is really problematic, as there is no way currently to remove or change these network permissions once they are established. Is there a way to fix this? Or some other workarounds I am missing? Thanks Also via the documentation: TN3179: Understanding local network privacy | Apple Developer Documentation "There's no guarantee that it'll actually trigger the alert” And "On macOS there’s no way to reset your program’s Local Network privilege to the undetermined state (FB14944392). One alternative is to run your program in a virtual machine (VM). To retest, restore the VM from a snapshot taken before you installed your program.”
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Sep ’25
Wi-Fi Aware con't pair with Android Device
Android phones supporting Wi-Fi Aware 4.0 should be able to connect with iPhones (iOS 26). For testing, we selected two Samsung S25 devices, which support Wi-Fi Aware 4.0. Issues we are facing Android as Publisher, iOS as Subscriber, iOS cannot discover the service. Log shows: Discovery: Dropping event, 02:14:60:76:a6:0f missing DCEA attribute. iOS as Publisher, Android as Subscriber.Android can discover the service.However, the PIN code is not displayed on iOS. From the packet capture, the publish packet does not contain the DCEA field. However, Android-to-Android devices can still pair normally, and the subsequent PASN packets include the DCEA field. It seems that the Wi-Fi Alliance only requires the DCEA to be present in the PASN packets. iOS cannot discover Android devices or complete pairing — is this caused by the DCEA field, or by other reasons?
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133
Sep ’25
iOS 26: "TLS failed with error: -9808"
Our app server is having some TLS related issue with the new iOS 26 (It works with iOS 18 and below). When opening the domain url in iPhone Safari browser with iOS 26, it showing the error as below: We followed the instructions from this link (https://support.apple.com/en-sg/122756), to run the following command: nscurl --tls-diagnostics https://test.example in Terminal app. It shows TLS failed with error: -9808 Could anyone please help explain what exactly the issue is with our server certificate, and how we should fix it? Thanks so much!
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511
Sep ’25
macos 15.6.1 - BSD sendto() fails for IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses
There appears to be some unexplained change in behaviour in the recent version of macos 15.6.1 which is causing the BSD socket sendto() syscall to no longer send the data when the source socket is bound to a IPv4-mapped IPv6 address. I have attached a trivial native code which reproduces the issue. What this reproducer does is explained as a comment on that code's main() function: // Creates a AF_INET6 datagram socket, marks it as dual socket (i.e. IPV6_V6ONLY = 0), // then binds the socket to a IPv4-mapped IPv6 address (chosen on the host where this test runs). // // The test then uses sendto() to send some bytes. For the sake of this test, it uses the same IPv4-mapped // IPv6 address as the destination address to sendto(). The test then waits for (a maximum of) 15 seconds to // receive that sent message by calling recvfrom(). // // The test passes on macos (x64 and aarch64) hosts of versions 12.x, 13.x, 14.x and 15.x upto 15.5. // Only on macos 15.6.1 and the recent macos 26, the test fails. Specifically, the first message that is // sent using sendto() is never sent (and thus the recvfrom()) times out. sendto() however returns 0, // incorrectly indicating a successful send. Interesting, if you repeat sendto() a second message from the // same bound socket to the exact same destination address, the send message is indeed correctly sent and // received immediately by the recvfrom(). It's only the first message which goes missing (the test uses // unique content in each message to be sure which exact message was received and it has been observed that // only the second message is received and the first one lost). // // Logs collected using "sudo log collect --last 2m" (after the test program returns) shows the following log // message, which seem relevant: // ... // default kernel cfil_hash_entry_log:6088 <CFIL: Error: sosend_reinject() failed>: // [86868 a.out] <UDP(17) out so 59faaa5dbbcef55d 127846646561221313 127846646561221313 age 0> // lport 65051 fport 65051 laddr 192.168.1.2 faddr 192.168.1.2 hash 201AAC1 // default kernel cfil_service_inject_queue:4472 CFIL: sosend() failed 22 // ... // As noted, this test passes without issues on various macosx version (12 through 15.5), both x64 and aarch64 but always fails against 15.6.1. I have been told that it also fails on the recently released macos 26 but I don't have access to such host to verify it myself. The release notes don't usually contain this level of detail, so it's hard to tell if something changed intentionally or if this is a bug. Should I report this through the feedback assistant? Attached is the source of the reproducer, run it as: clang dgramsend.c ./a.out On macos 15.6.1, you will see that it will fail to send (and thus receive) the message on first attempt but the second one passes: ... created and bound a datagram dual socket to ::ffff:192.168.1.2:65055 ::ffff:192.168.1.2:65055 sendto() ::ffff:192.168.1.2:65055 ---- Attempt 1 ---- sending greeting "hello 1" sendto() succeeded, sent 8 bytes calling recvfrom() receive timed out --------------------- ---- Attempt 2 ---- sending greeting "hello 2" sendto() succeeded, sent 8 bytes calling recvfrom() received 8 bytes: "hello 2" --------------------- TEST FAILED ... The output "log collect --last 2m" contains a related error (and this log message consistently shows up every time you run that reproducer): ... default kernel cfil_hash_entry_log:6088 <CFIL: Error: sosend_reinject() failed>: [86248 a.out] <UDP(17) out so 59faaa5dbbcef55d 127846646561221313 127846646561221313 age 0> lport 65055 fport 65055 laddr 192.168.1.2 faddr 192.168.1.2 hash 201AAC1 default kernel cfil_service_inject_queue:4472 CFIL: sosend() failed 22 ... I don't know what it means though. dgramsend.c
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248
Sep ’25
Xcode 16.4 and above build error with Network Extension and WireGuard library
I have added a Network Extension to my iOS project to use the WireGuard library. Everything was working fine up to Xcode 16, but after updating, I’m facing a build issue. The build fails with the following error: No such file or directory: '@rpath/WireGuardNetworkExtensioniOS.debug.dylib' I haven’t explicitly added any .dylib to my project. The Network Extension target builds and runs fine on Xcode 16.
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151
Sep ’25
NEAppPushProvider not works properly on iOS26
In my app I have Local Push connectivity for local push notifications. My app has proper entitlment granted by Apple and NEAppPushProvider was working perfectly on older iOS versions before iOS26. The problem I faced with iOS26: when i enable VPN - NEAppPushProvider stops with reason /** @const NEProviderStopReasonNoNetworkAvailable There is no network connectivity. */ case noNetworkAvailable = 3. But device is still connected to proper SSID that is included to matchSSIDs. I discovered it only happens if my VPN config file include this line redirect-gateway def1 without that line NEAppPushProvider works as expected with enabled VPN. I use OpenVPN app. Is it a bug of iOS26 or I need some additional setup? Please help!
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Sep ’25
How to configure macOS app permission MANUALLY (not GUI)
I need to run multiple, slightly different copies of a modeling tool, which all need access to a model repository on a different machine. Security Settings -> Network tends to pick one modeling tool (and unfortunately the wrong one) for permission, but the dialog offers no way to add the other copies manually. Where can I configure the permission on low level. [macOS Sequoia 15.6.1]
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111
Sep ’25
“Wi-Fi Aware Sample” on Phone quit unexpectedly.
The app “Wi-Fi Aware Sample” on Bojie的iPhone quit unexpectedly. Domain: IDEDebugSessionErrorDomain Code: 20 Failure Reason: Message from debugger: The LLDB RPC server has crashed. You may need to manually terminate your process. The crash log is located in ~/Library/Logs/DiagnosticReports and has a prefix 'lldb-rpc-server'. Please file a bug and attach the most recent crash log. User Info: { DVTErrorCreationDateKey = "2025-09-17 10:26:56 +0000"; IDEDebugSessionErrorUserInfoUnavailabilityError = "Error Domain=com.apple.dt.deviceprep Code=-10 "Fetching debug symbols for Bojie\U7684iPhone" UserInfo={NSLocalizedRecoverySuggestion=Xcode will continue when the operation completes., NSLocalizedDescription=Fetching debug symbols for Bojie\U7684iPhone}"; IDERunOperationFailingWorker = DBGLLDBLauncher; } Event Metadata: com.apple.dt.IDERunOperationWorkerFinished : { "device_identifier" = "00008101-001E29E01E63003A"; "device_isCoreDevice" = 1; "device_model" = "iPhone13,3"; "device_osBuild" = "26.0 (23A341)"; "device_osBuild_monotonic" = 2300034100; "device_os_variant" = 1; "device_platform" = "com.apple.platform.iphoneos"; "device_platform_family" = 2; "device_reality" = 1; "device_thinningType" = "iPhone13,3"; "device_transport" = 1; "dvt_coredevice_version" = "477.23"; "dvt_coredevice_version_monotonic" = 477023000000000; "dvt_coresimulator_version" = 1043; "dvt_coresimulator_version_monotonic" = 1043000000000000; "dvt_mobiledevice_version" = "1818.0.1"; "dvt_mobiledevice_version_monotonic" = 1818000001000000; "launchSession_schemeCommand" = Run; "launchSession_schemeCommand_enum" = 1; "launchSession_targetArch" = arm64; "launchSession_targetArch_enum" = 6; "operation_duration_ms" = 1922640; "operation_errorCode" = 20; "operation_errorDomain" = IDEDebugSessionErrorDomain; "operation_errorWorker" = DBGLLDBLauncher; "operation_error_reportable" = 1; "operation_name" = IDERunOperationWorkerGroup; "operation_unavailabilityErrorCode" = "-10"; "operation_unavailabilityErrorDomain" = "com.apple.dt.deviceprep"; "param_consoleMode" = 1; "param_debugger_attachToExtensions" = 0; "param_debugger_attachToXPC" = 1; "param_debugger_type" = 3; "param_destination_isProxy" = 0; "param_destination_platform" = "com.apple.platform.iphoneos"; "param_diag_MainThreadChecker_stopOnIssue" = 0; "param_diag_MallocStackLogging_enableDuringAttach" = 0; "param_diag_MallocStackLogging_enableForXPC" = 1; "param_diag_allowLocationSimulation" = 1; "param_diag_checker_mtc_enable" = 1; "param_diag_checker_tpc_enable" = 1; "param_diag_gpu_frameCapture_enable" = 0; "param_diag_gpu_shaderValidation_enable" = 0; "param_diag_gpu_validation_enable" = 0; "param_diag_guardMalloc_enable" = 0; "param_diag_memoryGraphOnResourceException" = 0; "param_diag_queueDebugging_enable" = 1; "param_diag_runtimeProfile_generate" = 0; "param_diag_sanitizer_asan_enable" = 0; "param_diag_sanitizer_tsan_enable" = 0; "param_diag_sanitizer_tsan_stopOnIssue" = 0; "param_diag_sanitizer_ubsan_enable" = 0; "param_diag_sanitizer_ubsan_stopOnIssue" = 0; "param_diag_showNonLocalizedStrings" = 0; "param_diag_viewDebugging_enabled" = 1; "param_diag_viewDebugging_insertDylibOnLaunch" = 1; "param_install_style" = 2; "param_launcher_UID" = 2; "param_launcher_allowDeviceSensorReplayData" = 0; "param_launcher_kind" = 0; "param_launcher_style" = 99; "param_launcher_substyle" = 0; "param_lldbVersion_component_idx_1" = 0; "param_lldbVersion_monotonic" = 170300230950; "param_runnable_appExtensionHostRunMode" = 0; "param_runnable_productType" = "com.apple.product-type.application"; "param_testing_launchedForTesting" = 0; "param_testing_suppressSimulatorApp" = 0; "param_testing_usingCLI" = 0; "sdk_canonicalName" = "iphoneos26.0"; "sdk_osVersion" = "26.0"; "sdk_platformID" = 2; "sdk_variant" = iphoneos; "sdk_version_monotonic" = 2300527605; } System Information macOS Version 15.5 (Build 24F74) Xcode 26.0 (24141.31) (Build 17A5241o) Timestamp: 2025-09-17T18:26:56+08:00
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189
Sep ’25
Internet stops working after idle time when using VPN on iOS 26 beta
We have observed an internet access issue after the device enters idle mode on iOS 26 beta 9. Although the Ivanti Secure Access Client appears connected, users are unable to access any resources (internet or intranet) after unlocking the device from idle. When we check the log socket connection looks not disrupted, packets are tunnelled but no resource access. Split tunnel enabled and proxy PAC configured. This was observed on both iOS and iPadOS 26 beta. Steps to reproduce: Connecting to the internet, launching the Ivanti client, locking the device, and then unlocking it after a brief period of idle. The issue occurs when the VPN remains connected but no resources are accessible.
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409
Sep ’25
How can a Network Extension notify or trigger tasks in the main app when it’s backgrounded or killed?
I’m developing a iOS VPN app, and I need to execute a task in the main app even when it’s in the background or killed state. I know the Network Extension continues running during those times. Is there a way for the extension to immediately notify the app or trigger a task on the app side?
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88
Sep ’25
ISP DNS Resolution in Full-Tunnel VPN
I am running a full-tunnel VPN using a Packet Tunnel Provider. During VPN setup, we configure DNS setting with specific DNS servers for all domains to be used by the tunnel. However, our project requires DNS resolution for every domain from both the VPN-provided DNS servers and the ISP’s DNS servers. When I attempt to use c-ares or other third-party libraries to resolve domains via the ISP DNS servers, these libraries only detect and use the VPN DNS servers instead. As a result, all queries fail. Is there a way on iOS to programmatically determine the ISP DNS servers while a full-tunnel VPN is active, or a system API that allows DNS queries to be explicitly resolved using the ISP’s DNS servers?
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96
Sep ’25
Network extension not loading on MacOS Sonoma 14.7.8
Hi! When starting my app which is loading a Content Filter Network Extension I am getting the following error : sysextd: <bundle_id> : extension failed category property check: extensions belonging to the com.apple.system_extension.endpoint_security category require a later version of operating system to launch ... OSSystemExtensionRequest didFailWithError for <bundle_id> : The operation couldn’t be completed. (OSSystemExtensionErrorDomain error 9.) This is happening on a VM running Sonoma 14.7.8. I upgraded the VM to the latest available OS and the system extension is loading just fine. My question is : reading the documentation, I understand that the Network Extensions are supported starting with macOS 10.10+. Why is this not working on my Sonoma 14.7.8 VM?
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125
Sep ’25
Does accessing ARP table via sysctl trigger Local Network Access prompt?
Starting with macOS 15 (Sequoia), applications that perform network discovery operations now trigger a permission prompt: "Allow [AppName] to find devices on local networks". I am using sysctl() with NET_RT_FLAGS and RTF_LLINFO to access the ARP table and retrieve gateway MAC addresses: int mib[6]; mib[0] = CTL_NET; mib[1] = PF_ROUTE; mib[2] = 0; mib[3] = AF_INET; mib[4] = NET_RT_FLAGS; mib[5] = RTF_LLINFO; // This flag accesses ARP table entries if (sysctl(mib, 6, buf, &amp;needed, NULL, 0) &lt; 0) return nil; From my testing, the Local Network Access prompt does not always appear. It looks like if the MAC address is already cached in the ARP table, no prompt is shown, and the prompt only appears when the system needs to resolve a new MAC address. Is this correct behavior? Does ARP resolution by itself triggering the prompt?
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169
Sep ’25
Connect to saved wifi network without user auth
Hi! I'm trying to prototype a macOS app related to wifi features. The main hiccup I've encountered is "Connect to a saved network without re-entering the network password". So far I've been unsuccessful in this without entering the password manually each time asking the user for authentication to access the saved network in keychain I read somewhere on the internet that CWInterface.associate would use saved credentials automatically if you gave a nil password, but my attempts have proven that to be false. Is this not currently available because it raises security concerns, or it just hasn't been considered? Or am I missing a way to do this? I don't need access to the credentials, just for the system to connect for me.
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104
Sep ’25
Sending out to actual dest after the Packet intercepted by NEPacketTunnelProvider
As per : TN3120: Expected use cases for Network Extension packet tunnel providers | Apple Developer Documentation It is clear that Packets that are read from NEPacketTunnelFlow are meant to be sent over a tunnel connection to a remote server for injection into a remote network. They are not meant to be dropped or re-injected back into the system. In my usecase: NEPacketTunnelProvider is separate process. which reads the packet using packetFlow.readPacketObjects Send it over to other process i.e privileged helper(Non-bundle/command line tool/non sandboxed) via UDS IPC. Helpers send to to remote tunnel and return back the packet to NEPacketTunnelFlow via same IPC. NEPacketTunnelProvider uses packetFlow.writePacketObjects to inject packets. Things works fine. We don't distribute it via Appstore. We are now attempting to implement a on device bypass mechanism from helper tool side. Could you please suggest if there is any approach I could try, even if it involves proceeding at my own risk?
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Sep ’25