Dear Apple Developer Support Team,
We are experiencing a recurring issue with the DeviceCheck API where the following error is being returned:
com.apple.devicecheck.error 0
Upon analyzing our logs, we have noticed that this error occurs significantly more often when users are connected to Wi-Fi networks, compared to mobile networks. This leads us to suspect that there might be a relationship between Wi-Fi configuration and the DeviceCheck service’s ability to generate or validate tokens.
We would like to know:
Is this error code (0) known to be caused by specific types of network behavior or misconfigurations on Wi-Fi networks (e.g., DNS filtering, firewall restrictions, proxy servers)?
Are there any recommended best practices for ensuring reliable DeviceCheck API communication over Wi-Fi networks?
Additionally, could you please clarify what general conditions could trigger this com.apple.devicecheck.error 0? The lack of specific documentation makes debugging this issue difficult from our side.
Any guidance or internal documentation on this error code and its potential causes would be greatly appreciated.
IDE: Xcode 16.3
Looking forward to your support.
Best regards,
Prioritize user privacy and data security in your app. Discuss best practices for data handling, user consent, and security measures to protect user information.
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Hello,
I've developed a macOS app with an AutoFill Credential Provider extension that functions as a passkey provider. In the registration flow, I want my app to appear as a passkey provider only when specific conditions are met.
Is there a way to inspect the request from the web before the passkey provider selection list is displayed to the user, determine whether my app can handle it, and then use that result to instruct the OS on whether to include my app in the passkey provider selection list?
Alternatively, is there a way to predefine conditions that must be met before my app is offered as a passkey provider in the selection list?
Thanks!
Topic:
Privacy & Security
SubTopic:
General
Tags:
Extensions
Autofill
Authentication Services
Passkeys in iCloud Keychain
When developing and testing using my phone I got prompted for allowing app tracking. I later uploaded a build to TestFlight, deleted the old testing app and installed the TestFlight build. I am now stuck in an infinite loop of not getting prompted for allowing app tracking for the app. When entering the app settings the toggle for tracking never appears which leaves me not able to enter the app's content. My guess is that the prompt can only be shown once for the app bundle, but there has to be a way for me to get prompted again without changing the app bundle id. Help is appreciated since this app is scheduled to be published in a week.
I have configured DKIM and amazon's default spf. but can't get emails using Amazon Send, do I have to configure a custom domain name here for this to work, I'd like to get a definitive conclusion!
I modified the system.login.screensaver rule in the authorization database to use "authenticate" instead of "use-login-window-ui" to display a custom authentication plugin view when the screensaver starts or the screen locks.
However, I noticed an issue when the "Require Password after Display is Turned Off" setting is set to 5 minutes in lock screen settings:
If I close my Mac’s lid and reopen it within 5 minutes, my authentication plugin view is displayed as expected.
However, the screen is not in a locked state—the desktop remains accessible, and the black background that typically appears behind the lock screen is missing.
This behavior differs from the default lock screen behavior, where the screen remains fully locked, and the desktop is hidden.
Has anyone encountered this issue before? Is there a way to ensure the screen properly locks when using authenticate in the screensaver rule?
This post is an extension to Importing Cryptographic Keys that covers one specific common case: importing a PEM-based RSA private key and its certificate to form a digital identity.
If you have questions or comments, start a new thread in Privacy & Security > General. Tag your thread with Security so that I see it.
Share and Enjoy
—
Quinn “The Eskimo!” @ Developer Technical Support @ Apple
let myEmail = "eskimo" + "1" + "@" + "apple.com"
Importing a PEM-based RSA Private Key and its Certificate
I regularly see folks struggle to import an RSA private key and its corresponding certificate. Importing Cryptographic Keys outlines various options for importing keys, but in this post I want to cover one specific case, namely, a PEM-based RSA private key and its corresponding certificate. Together these form a digital identity, represented as a SecIdentity object.
IMPORTANT If you can repackage your digital identity as a PKCS#12, please do. It’s easy to import that using SecPKCS12Import. If you can switch to an elliptic curve (EC) private key, please do. It’s generally better and Apple CryptoKit has direct support for importing an EC PEM.
Assuming that’s not the case, let’s explore how to import a PEM-base RSA private key and its corresponding certificate to form a digital identity.
Note The code below was built with Xcode 16.2 and tested on the iOS 18.2 simulator. It uses the helper routines from Calling Security Framework from Swift.
This code assumes the data protection keychain. If you’re targeting macOS, add kSecUseDataProtectionKeychain to all the keychain calls. See TN3137 On Mac keychain APIs and implementations for more background to that.
Unwrap the PEM
To start, you need to get the data out of the PEM:
/// Extracts the data from a PEM.
///
/// As PEM files can contain a large range of data types, you must supply the
/// expected prefix and suffix strings. For example, for a certificate these
/// are `"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----` and `-----END CERTIFICATE-----`.
///
/// - important: This assumes the simplest possible PEM format. It does not
/// handle metadata at the top of the PEM or PEMs with multiple items in them.
func dataFromPEM(_ pem: String, _ expectedPrefix: String, _ expectedSuffix: String) -> Data? {
let lines = pem.split(separator: "\n")
guard
let first = lines.first,
first == expectedPrefix,
let last = lines.last,
last == expectedSuffix
else { return nil }
let base64 = lines.dropFirst().dropLast().joined()
guard let data = Data(base64Encoded: base64) else { return nil }
return data
}
IMPORTANT Read the doc comment to learn about some important limitations with this code.
Import a Certificate
When adding a digital identity to the keychain, it’s best to import the certificate and the key separately and then add them to the keychain. That makes it easier to track down problems you encounter.
To import a PEM-based certificate, extract the data from the PEM and call SecCertificateCreateWithData:
/// Import a certificate in PEM format.
///
/// - important: See ``dataFromPEM(_:_:_:)`` for some important limitations.
func importCertificatePEM(_ pem: String) throws -> SecCertificate {
guard
let data = dataFromPEM(pem, "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----", "-----END CERTIFICATE-----"),
let cert = SecCertificateCreateWithData(nil, data as NSData)
else { throw NSError(domain: NSOSStatusErrorDomain, code: Int(errSecParam), userInfo: nil) }
return cert
}
Here’s an example that shows this in action:
let benjyCertificatePEM = """
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
"""
print(try? importCertificatePEM(benjyCertificatePEM))
If you run this it prints:
Optional(<cert(0x11e304c10) s: Benjy i: MouseCA>)
Import a Private Key
To import a PEM-base RSA private key, extract the data from the PEM and call SecKeyCreateWithData:
/// Import an 2048-bit RSA private key in PEM format.
///
/// Don’t use this code if:
///
/// * If you can switch to an EC key. EC keys are generally better and, for
/// this specific case, there’s support for importing them in Apple CryptoKit.
///
/// * You can switch to using a PKCS#12. In that case, use the system’s
/// `SecPKCS12Import` routine instead.
///
/// - important: See ``dataFromPEM(_:_:_:)`` for some important limitations.
func importRSA2048PrivateKeyPEM(_ pem: String) throws -> SecKey {
// Most private key PEMs are in PKCS#8 format. There’s no way to import
// that directly. Instead you need to strip the header to get to the
// `RSAPrivateKey` data structure encapsulated within the PKCS#8. Doing that
// in the general case is hard. In the specific case of an 2048-bit RSA
// key, the following hack works.
let rsaPrefix: [UInt8] = [
0x30, 0x82, 0x04, 0xBE, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x30,
0x0D, 0x06, 0x09, 0x2A, 0x86, 0x48, 0x86, 0xF7,
0x0D, 0x01, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x82,
0x04, 0xA8,
]
guard
let pkcs8 = dataFromPEM(pem, "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----", "-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"),
pkcs8.starts(with: rsaPrefix)
else { throw NSError(domain: NSOSStatusErrorDomain, code: Int(errSecParam), userInfo: nil) }
let rsaPrivateKey = pkcs8.dropFirst(rsaPrefix.count)
return try secCall { SecKeyCreateWithData(rsaPrivateKey as NSData, [
kSecAttrKeyType: kSecAttrKeyTypeRSA,
kSecAttrKeyClass: kSecAttrKeyClassPrivate,
] as NSDictionary, $0) }
}
IMPORTANT This code only works with 2048-bit RSA private keys. The comments explain more about that limitation.
Here’s an example that shows this in action:
let benjyPrivateKeyPEM = """
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
"""
print(try? importRSA2048PrivateKeyPEM(benjyPrivateKeyPEM))
If you run this it prints:
Optional(<SecKeyRef algorithm id: 1, key type: RSAPrivateKey, version: 4, 2048 bits (block size: 256), addr: 0x600000c5ce50>)
Form a Digital Identity
There are two common ways to form a digital identity:
SecPKCSImport
SecItemCopyMatching
SecPKCSImport is the most flexible because it gives you an in-memory digital identity. You can then choose to add it to the keychain or not. However, it requires a PKCS#12 as input. If you’re starting out with separate private key and certificate PEMs, you have to use SecItemCopyMatching.
Note macOS also has SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate, but it has some seriously limitations. First, it’s only available on macOS. Second, it requires the key to be in the keychain. If you’re going to add the key to the keychain anyway, you might as well use SecItemCopyMatching.
To form a digital identity from a separate private key and certificate:
Add the certificate to the keychain.
Add the private key to the keychain.
Call SecItemCopyMatching to get back a digital identity.
Here’s an example of that in action:
/// Imports a digital identity composed of separate certificate and private key PEMs.
///
/// - important: See ``dataFromPEM(_:_:_:)`` for some important limitations.
/// See ``importRSA2048PrivateKeyPEM(_:)`` for alternative strategies that are
/// much easier to deploy.
func addRSA2048DigitalIdentityPEMToKeychain(certificate: String, privateKey: String) throws -> SecIdentity {
// First import the certificate and private key. This has the advantage in
// that it triggers an early failure if the data is in the wrong format.
let certificate = try importCertificatePEM(certificate)
let privateKey = try importRSA2048PrivateKeyPEM(privateKey)
// Check that the private key matches the public key in the certificate. If
// not, someone has given you bogus credentials.
let certificatePublicKey = try secCall { SecCertificateCopyKey(certificate) }
let publicKey = try secCall { SecKeyCopyPublicKey(privateKey) }
guard CFEqual(certificatePublicKey, publicKey) else {
throw NSError(domain: NSOSStatusErrorDomain, code: Int(errSecPublicKeyInconsistent))
}
// Add the certificate first. If that fails — and the most likely error is
// `errSecDuplicateItem` — we want to stop immediately.
try secCall { SecItemAdd([
kSecValueRef: certificate,
] as NSDictionary, nil) }
// The add the private key.
do {
try secCall { SecItemAdd([
kSecValueRef: privateKey,
] as NSDictionary, nil) }
} catch let error as NSError {
// We ignore a `errSecDuplicateItem` error when adding the key. It’s
// possible to have multiple digital identities that share the same key,
// so if you try to add the key and it’s already in the keychain then
// that’s fine.
guard error.domain == NSOSStatusErrorDomain, error.code == errSecDuplicateItem else {
throw error
}
}
// Finally, search for the resulting identity.
//
// I originally tried querying for the identity based on the certificate’s
// attributes — the ones that contribute to uniqueness, namely
// `kSecAttrCertificateType`, `kSecAttrIssuer`, and `kSecAttrSerialNumber` —
// but that failed for reasons I don't fully understand (r. 144152660). So
// now I get all digital identities and find the one with our certificate.
let identities = try secCall { SecItemCopyMatching([
kSecClass: kSecClassIdentity,
kSecMatchLimit: kSecMatchLimitAll,
kSecReturnRef: true,
] as NSDictionary, $0) } as! [SecIdentity]
let identityQ = try identities.first { i in
try secCall { SecIdentityCopyCertificate(i, $0) } == certificate
}
return try secCall(Int(errSecItemNotFound)) { identityQ }
}
IMPORTANT This code is quite subtle. Read the comments for an explanation as to why it works the way it does.
Further reading
For more information about the APIs and techniques used above, see:
Importing Cryptographic Keys
On Cryptographic Keys Formats
SecItem: Fundamentals
SecItem: Pitfalls and Best Practices
Calling Security Framework from Swift
TN3137 On Mac keychain APIs and implementations
Finally, for links to documentation and other resources, see Security Resources.
Revision History
2025-02-13 Added code to check for mismatched private key and certificate.
2025-02-04 First posted.
I must be missing something. How can an iphone that is in lockdown mode, using ONLY data, no Bluetooth connected and only one singular iPhone have seven UNLISTED items on the local network in privacy and settings?
Hello
I am wondering how and if it even is possible to grab the amount of times a user has opened a specific app. Of course these apps will be selected for tracking by the user through the FamilyControls API, but is it possible to then list those selected apps and their amount of openings?
I know Screen Time API is very strict with giving developers control of this information outside of just displaying a view so I don't know if this is possible.
I saw that DeviceActivityData.ApplicationActivity has a value called "numberOfPickups" but I'm not sure how to access that value and display it in my app.
Thank you
Pretty much the headline. the func transactionHistory() needs to return the transaction location. This seems so rudimentary, yet it is missing from the docs. Unless I'm missing something, please add this feature or point me in the right direction.
Alternatively, is there a way for my app to get notified of the transaction immediately as it happens? I have to get transactions historically which leaves me with no way to determine where they happened in the past.
Topic:
Privacy & Security
SubTopic:
General
Hello Developers,
I have ran into a problem while sending mail to apple private relay email. We have built a mobile application where user can sign up through apple and they can sign up using hide-my-email feature. Which provides private relay address for us. Now we want to communicate with them using private relay mail address. The technology we are using to send emails are amazon SES, have done SPF, DMIK, DMARC and added domains in apple identity services for mail communication, passed an SPF check as well. But still mail is not getting delivered
what am i doing wrong or apple doesn't support third party apps for sending emails to private relay? Is there any other way to achieve this please let me know
Using the same body as attached in image is working fine for rest emails.
Topic:
Privacy & Security
SubTopic:
Sign in with Apple
Tags:
Sign in with Apple REST API
Privacy
Sign in with Apple
I am experiencing an issue with Apple Sign-In on Vision Pro. When I build and run the app from Xcode, everything works fine—after signing in, the app returns to the foreground as expected.
However, when I launch the app directly on Vision Pro (not from Xcode), after completing the sign-in process, the app does not reopen from the background automatically. Instead, it closes, and I have to manually tap the app icon to reopen it.
Has anyone else encountered this issue? Is there a way to ensure the app properly resumes after sign-in without requiring manual intervention?
Migrating APP and users, obtaining the user's transfer_sub, an exception occurred: {"error":"invalid_request"}
`POST /auth/usermigrationinfo HTTP/1.1
Host: appleid.apple.com
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Authorization: Bearer {access_token}
sub={sub}&target={recipient_team_id}&client_id={client_id}&client_secret={client_secret}
The specific request is as follows:
15:56:20.858 AppleService - --> POST https://appleid.apple.com/auth/usermigrationinfo
15:56:20.858 AppleService - Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
15:56:20.858 AppleService - Content-Length: 395
15:56:20.858 AppleService - Authorization: Bearer a56a8828048af48c0871e73b55d8910aa.0.rzvs.96uUcy1KBqo34Kj8qrPb4w
15:56:20.858 AppleService -
15:56:20.858 AppleService - sub=001315.1535dbadc15b472987acdf634719a06a.0600&target=WLN67KBBV8&client_id=com.hawatalk.live&client_secret=eyJraWQiOiIzODg5U1ZXNDM5IiwiYWxnIjoiRVMyNTYifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJRMzlUU1BHMjk3IiwiaWF0IjoxNzU1MDcxNzc5LCJleHAiOjE3NTUwNzUzNzksImF1ZCI6Imh0dHBzOi8vYXBwbGVpZC5hcHBsZS5jb20iLCJzdWIiOiJjb20uaGF3YXRhbGsubGl2ZSJ9.8i9RYIcepuIiEqOMu1OOAlmmjnB84AJueel21gNapiNa9pr3498Zkj8J5MUIzvvnvsvUJkKQjp_VvnsG_IIrTA
15:56:20.859 AppleService - --> END POST (395-byte body)
15:56:21.675 AppleService - <-- 400 Bad Request https://appleid.apple.com/auth/usermigrationinfo(816ms)
15:56:21.675 AppleService - Server: Apple
15:56:21.675 AppleService - Date: Wed, 13 Aug 2025 07:56:22 GMT
15:56:21.675 AppleService - Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
15:56:21.675 AppleService - Content-Length: 27
15:56:21.675 AppleService - Connection: keep-alive
15:56:21.675 AppleService - Pragma: no-cache
15:56:21.675 AppleService - Cache-Control: no-store
15:56:21.676 AppleService -
15:56:21.676 AppleService - {"error":"invalid_request"}
15:56:21.676 AppleService - <-- END HTTP (27-byte body)
`
Current Team ID: Q39TSPG297
Recipient Team ID: WLN67KBBV8
CLIENT_ID: com.hawatalk.live
The token is legitimate, however I keep getting bad requests (400). The payload may not be accurate.
No document with the appropriate payload structure is visible to me.
Receipt.bin was tried, but the file content could not be verified.
Referring this URL: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/devicecheck/assessing-fraud-risk
Here is my server side Java code:
private static String sendAttestationWithPayload(String jwt, String keyId,
String attestationData, String clientData) throws Exception {
// Create JSON payload
JSONObject payload = new JSONObject();
payload.put("keyId", keyId);
payload.put("attestationData", attestationData);
payload.put("clientData", clientData);
HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
.uri(URI.create(APPLE_ATTESTATION_URL))
.header("Authorization", "Bearer " + jwt)
.header("Content-Type", "application/json")
.POST(HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString(payload.toString()))
.build();
HttpResponse<String> response = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString());
handleResponse(response);
return response.body();
}
Script attachment enables advanced users to create powerful workflows that start in your app. NSUserScriptTask lets you implement script attachment even if your app is sandboxed. This post explains how to set that up.
IMPORTANT Most sandboxed apps are sandboxed because they ship on the Mac App Store [1]. While I don’t work for App Review, and thus can’t make definitive statements on their behalf, I want to be clear that NSUserScriptTask is intended to be used to implement script attachment, not as a general-purpose sandbox bypass mechanism.
If you have questions or comments, please put them in a new thread. Place it in the Privacy & Security > General subtopic, and tag it with App Sandbox.
Share and Enjoy
—
Quinn “The Eskimo!” @ Developer Technical Support @ Apple
let myEmail = "eskimo" + "1" + "@" + "apple.com"
[1] Most but not all. There are good reasons to sandbox your app even if you distribute it directly. See The Case for Sandboxing a Directly Distributed App.
Implementing Script Attachment in a Sandboxed App
Some apps support script attachment, that is, they allow a user to configure the app to run a script when a particular event occurs. For example:
A productivity app might let a user automate repetitive tasks by configuring a toolbar button to run a script.
A mail client might let a user add a script that processes incoming mail.
When adding script attachment to your app, consider whether your scripting mechanism is internal or external:
An internal script is one that only affects the state of the app.
A user script is one that operates as the user, that is, it can change the state of other apps or the system as a whole.
Supporting user scripts in a sandboxed app is a conundrum. The App Sandbox prevents your app from changing the state of other apps, but that’s exactly what your app needs to do to support user scripts.
NSUserScriptTask resolves this conundrum. Use it to run scripts that the user has placed in your app’s Script folder. Because these scripts were specifically installed by the user, their presence indicates user intent and the system runs them outside of your app’s sandbox.
Provide easy access to your app’s Script folder
Your application’s Scripts folder is hidden within ~/Library. To make it easier for the user to add scripts, add a button or menu item that uses NSWorkspace to show it in the Finder:
let scriptsDir = try FileManager.default.url(for: .applicationScriptsDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: true)
NSWorkspace.shared.activateFileViewerSelecting([scriptsDir])
Enumerate the available scripts
To show a list of scripts to the user, enumerate the Scripts folder:
let scriptsDir = try FileManager.default.url(for: .applicationScriptsDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor: nil, create: true)
let scriptURLs = try FileManager.default.contentsOfDirectory(at: scriptsDir, includingPropertiesForKeys: [.localizedNameKey])
let scriptNames = try scriptURLs.map { url in
return try url.resourceValues(forKeys: [.localizedNameKey]).localizedName!
}
This uses .localizedNameKey to get the name to display to the user. This takes care of various edge cases, for example, it removes the file name extension if it’s hidden.
Run a script
To run a script, instantiate an NSUserScriptTask object and call its execute() method:
let script = try NSUserScriptTask(url: url)
try await script.execute()
Run a script with arguments
NSUserScriptTask has three subclasses that support additional functionality depending on the type of the script.
Use the NSUserUnixTask subsclass to run a Unix script and:
Supply command-line arguments.
Connect pipes to stdin, stdout, and stderr.
Get the termination status.
Use the NSUserAppleScriptTask subclass to run an AppleScript, executing either the run handler or a custom Apple event.
Use the NSUserAutomatorTask subclass to run an Automator workflow, supplying an optional input.
To determine what type of script you have, try casting it to each of the subclasses:
let script: NSUserScriptTask = …
switch script {
case let script as NSUserUnixTask:
… use Unix-specific functionality …
case let script as NSUserAppleScriptTask:
… use AppleScript-specific functionality …
case let script as NSUserAutomatorTask:
… use Automatic-specific functionality …
default:
… use generic functionality …
}
I was testing an app with AppleSignIn with a Firebase backend and wanted to test account deletion functionality. I was unaware of needing to revoke the token with Apple before proceeding with account deletion. Now, when I try to create a new account with the same appleId email, the token passed to Firebase is invalid and the login fails.
As such, I am blocked from testing my app with authenticated Apple users, so I'm trying to understand what the workaround is.
Thanks in advance!
Hello!
I need to implement requestTrackingAuthorization into my app but I'm not exactly sure how, the engine I use handles all of the Xcode stuff for me so I'm not very experienced in that sector nor do I have an Xcode project for this app, any help?
Topic:
Privacy & Security
SubTopic:
General
It’s been established that generally speaking background apps cannot record audio while the foreground app is already reading audio data from the microphone, but are there exceptions? For instance, is there an exception for certain Apple apps?
If so, and there’s a special exception that most programmers don’t know about but some Apple’s engineers do and perhaps some hackers do as well, wouldn’t the mechanism that allows that eventually be exploited?
Topic:
Privacy & Security
SubTopic:
General
Tags:
AudioToolbox
Audio
AVAudioSession
Background Tasks
General:
Forums topic: Privacy & Security
Forums tag: Privacy
Developer > Security — This also covers privacy topics.
App privacy details on the App Store
UIKit > Protecting the User’s Privacy documentation
Bundle Resources > Privacy manifest files documentation
TN3181 Debugging an invalid privacy manifest technote
TN3182 Adding privacy tracking keys to your privacy manifest technote
TN3183 Adding required reason API entries to your privacy manifest technote
TN3184 Adding data collection details to your privacy manifest technote
TN3179 Understanding local network privacy technote
Handling ITMS-91061: Missing privacy manifest forums post
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Quinn “The Eskimo!” @ Developer Technical Support @ Apple
let myEmail = "eskimo" + "1" + "@" + "apple.com"
I get an error when i restore my Mac M1 Pro 2021 with Apple configurator i don't know what i'm missing
I tried the Offline firmware too but it does not work
[Edited by Moderator]
Topic:
Privacy & Security
SubTopic:
General
After the App transfer is initiated, will the replacement of the old and new certificates affect user authorization? (Based on some replies from DTS on the forum [Apple login authorization data is generated in combination with the team ID to which the App currently belongs], it is speculated that after the App transfer, during the period when the certificate configuration of the new team ID is not completed, authorization or authentication may not be performed normally, resulting in users being unable to use the Apple login function normally)
During the 60-day migration period, if the user authorizes or cancels authorization and then authorizes again in the old app, will the authorized data be different? If so, will transfer_sub be included in the authorization operation?