How often do we see control filter start and stop? I read somewhere that data filter is long lived and control Filter is short lived. When does the operating system kills the control filter process?

I have been playing around with the new URL Filtering API. I have successfully installed and configured the sample code, Installed the example app to my iPhone, and am also running the PIR server locally on my Mac. In my input.txtpb file, I simply have 2 endpoints: rows: [{ keyword: "instagram.com", value: "1" }, { keyword: "youtube.com/shorts", value: "1" }] Neither of these are blocked when I attempt to load them from either a browser, or their dedicated apps. Are there any debugging tips I should know about? Additionally, I have also noticed a few times I have left the filter running on my phone, after leaving my LAN (where the PIR server is running), suddenly throughout the day I'm having random, completely unrelated endpoints blocked on my phone. I thought this API was never supposed to produce false positives (without calling back to the PIR server for confirmation).

Hi guys, I need to configure a VPN to work only for specific apps. I already have a supervised iPhone, and I’ve successfully configured the VPN, but right now it applies to the whole phone. I need it to work just for some apps. I tried using both Apple Configurator and iMazing, but I can’t find this option there.

We have a customer reporting a bunch of problems with our (Transparent Proxy Provider-based) suite. Looking at a sysdiagnose, I see that our GUI applet was killed: Termination Reason: Namespace PORT_SPACE, Code 14123288431434181290 (Limit 305834 ports) Exceeded system-wide per-process Port Limit Looking at the top.txt file from it, I see that it has 193,086 ports -- compared to about ~250 on one of my test systems. Has anyone run into this? Any idea what might be causing it? (I'm still poring over the sysdiagnose, but I don't see any kernel logs around that time -- except that our process does close a dozen or so ports because of cancellation.)

Hi, I have a VPN product for macOS. When activated, it creates a virtual interface that capture all outgoing traffic for the VPN. the VPN encrypt it, and send it to the tunnel gateway. The gateway then decapsulates the packet and forwards it to the original destination. To achieve this, The vpn modifies the routing table with the following commands: # after packets were encoded with the vpn protocol, re-send them through # the physical interface /sbin/route add -host <tunnel_gateway_address_in_physical_subnet> <default_gateway> -ifp en0 > /dev/null 2>&1 # remove the default rule for en0 and replace it with scoped rule /sbin/route delete default <default_gateway> -ifp en0 > /dev/null 2>&1 /sbin/route add default <default_gateway> -ifscope en0 > /dev/null 2>&1 # create new rule for the virtual interface that will catch all packets # for the vpn /sbin/route add default <tunnel_gateway_address_in_tunnel_subnet> -ifp utunX > /dev/null 2>&1 This works in most cases. However, there are scenarios where the VPN process may crash, stop responding, or another VPN product may alter the routing table. When that happens, packets may no longer go out through the correct interface. Question: Is there a way to reliably reconstruct the routing table from scratch in such scenarios? Ideally, I would like to rebuild the baseline rules for the physical interface (e.g., en0) and then reapply the VPN-specific rules on top. Are there APIs, system utilities, or best practices in macOS for restoring the original routing configuration before reapplying custom VPN routes? Thanks

Hi, I am developing the browser based on Chromium, which initially relies on the nw_browser stack for discovering locally available network resources. We have observed an issue where, after each software update—specifically, whenever additional files are written into the application bundle—a popup appears requesting the user to allow local network access, even if this permission was already granted. The behavior is reproducible: simply overwriting files in the app bundle (we are using rsync as Chromium), even while the application is already running, causes the prompt to reappear. We have also noticed that Chromium itself exhibits the same behavior. Also I found the mess in system settings, it has several Google Chrome for example: https://www.loom.com/share/da401f39ab134628807d77f1ca3185f5?from_recorder=1&focus_title=1 We would like to provide a smoother experience for our users and avoid confusing them with repeated permission prompts. Could you please advise on possible approaches or best practices to improve our update mechanism in this regard?

Hello everyone, I'm encountering an issue while trying to publish an app on TestFlight. The app in question is Home Assistant, which I've compiled from the source. I am able to compile and install the app on my device without any problems. My company's developer account is properly configured, and I have set Xcode to automatically manage the provisioning profile. The archive is also created successfully, but when I attempt to upload it to Apple Store Connect for testing via TestFlight, I receive the following error: ERROR: [ContentDelivery.Uploader] Asset validation failed (90525) Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app/PlugIns/HomeAssistant-Extensions-PushProvider.appex' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'. (ID: ceac6dcc-9c76-412e-8ea7-f2d2845f8013) I've made several attempts to resolve this issue to no avail. For instance, if I add the missing capability manually, then I am informed that the provisioning profile is incorrect. However, checking the network extension settings on my company's dev account, I see nothing related to push notifications, which are located elsewhere. Thus, I am stuck in a loop where either the provisioning file is correct but the entitlement is missing, or if the entitlement is present, then the provisioning profile is deemed incorrect. URL:https://contentdelivery.itunes.apple.com status code: 409 (conflict) httpBody: { "errors" : [ { "id" : "ceac6dcc-9c76-412e-8ea7-f2d2845f8013", "status" : "409", "code" : "STATE_ERROR.VALIDATION_ERROR.90525", "title" : "Asset validation failed", "detail" : "Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app/PlugIns/HomeAssistant-Extensions-PushProvider.appex' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'." }, { "id" : "9ff2143b-3c00-4912-b59f-8342fa6fe5c0", "status" : "409", "code" : "STATE_ERROR.VALIDATION_ERROR.90525", "title" : "Asset validation failed", "detail" : "Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'." } ] } ======================================= 2024-01-10 23:19:35.506 ERROR: [ContentDelivery.Uploader] Asset validation failed (90525) Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app/PlugIns/HomeAssistant-Extensions-PushProvider.appex' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'. (ID: ceac6dcc-9c76-412e-8ea7-f2d2845f8013) 2024-01-10 23:19:35.506 DEBUG: [ContentDelivery.Uploader] Error Domain=ContentDelivery Code=90525 "Asset validation failed" UserInfo={NSLocalizedFailureReason=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app/PlugIns/HomeAssistant-Extensions-PushProvider.appex' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'. (ID: ceac6dcc-9c76-412e-8ea7-f2d2845f8013), NSUnderlyingError=0x6000022b6430 {Error Domain=IrisAPI Code=-19241 "Asset validation failed" UserInfo={status=409, detail=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app/PlugIns/HomeAssistant-Extensions-PushProvider.appex' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'., id=ceac6dcc-9c76-412e-8ea7-f2d2845f8013, code=STATE_ERROR.VALIDATION_ERROR.90525, title=Asset validation failed, NSLocalizedFailureReason=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app/PlugIns/HomeAssistant-Extensions-PushProvider.appex' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'., NSLocalizedDescription=Asset validation failed}}, iris-code=STATE_ERROR.VALIDATION_ERROR.90525, NSLocalizedDescription=Asset validation failed} 2024-01-10 23:19:35.507 ERROR: [ContentDelivery.Uploader] Asset validation failed (90525) Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'. (ID: 9ff2143b-3c00-4912-b59f-8342fa6fe5c0) 2024-01-10 23:19:35.507 DEBUG: [ContentDelivery.Uploader] Error Domain=ContentDelivery Code=90525 "Asset validation failed" UserInfo={NSLocalizedFailureReason=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'. (ID: 9ff2143b-3c00-4912-b59f-8342fa6fe5c0), NSUnderlyingError=0x6000022b6640 {Error Domain=IrisAPI Code=-19241 "Asset validation failed" UserInfo={status=409, detail=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'., id=9ff2143b-3c00-4912-b59f-8342fa6fe5c0, code=STATE_ERROR.VALIDATION_ERROR.90525, title=Asset validation failed, NSLocalizedFailureReason=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'., NSLocalizedDescription=Asset validation failed}}, iris-code=STATE_ERROR.VALIDATION_ERROR.90525, NSLocalizedDescription=Asset validation failed} 2024-01-10 23:19:35.507 DEBUG: [ContentDelivery.Uploader] swinfo errors: ( "Error Domain=ContentDelivery Code=90525 \"Asset validation failed\" UserInfo={NSLocalizedFailureReason=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app/PlugIns/HomeAssistant-Extensions-PushProvider.appex' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'. (ID: ceac6dcc-9c76-412e-8ea7-f2d2845f8013), NSUnderlyingError=0x6000022b6430 {Error Domain=IrisAPI Code=-19241 \"Asset validation failed\" UserInfo={status=409, detail=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app/PlugIns/HomeAssistant-Extensions-PushProvider.appex' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'., id=ceac6dcc-9c76-412e-8ea7-f2d2845f8013, code=STATE_ERROR.VALIDATION_ERROR.90525, title=Asset validation failed, NSLocalizedFailureReason=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app/PlugIns/HomeAssistant-Extensions-PushProvider.appex' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'., NSLocalizedDescription=Asset validation failed}}, iris-code=STATE_ERROR.VALIDATION_ERROR.90525, NSLocalizedDescription=Asset validation failed}", "Error Domain=ContentDelivery Code=90525 \"Asset validation failed\" UserInfo={NSLocalizedFailureReason=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'. (ID: 9ff2143b-3c00-4912-b59f-8342fa6fe5c0), NSUnderlyingError=0x6000022b6640 {Error Domain=IrisAPI Code=-19241 \"Asset validation failed\" UserInfo={status=409, detail=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'., id=9ff2143b-3c00-4912-b59f-8342fa6fe5c0, code=STATE_ERROR.VALIDATION_ERROR.90525, title=Asset validation failed, NSLocalizedFailureReason=Missing Entitlement. The bundle 'Home Assistant.app' is missing entitlement 'com.apple.developer.networking.networkextension'., NSLocalizedDescription=Asset validation failed}}, iris-code=STATE_ERROR.VALIDATION_ERROR.90525, NSLocalizedDescription=Asset validation failed}" )

I have added a Network Extension to my iOS project to use the WireGuard library. Everything was working fine up to Xcode 16, but after updating, I’m facing a build issue. The build fails with the following error: No such file or directory: '@rpath/WireGuardNetworkExtensioniOS.debug.dylib' I haven’t explicitly added any .dylib to my project. The Network Extension target builds and runs fine on Xcode 16.

In my app I have Local Push connectivity for local push notifications. My app has proper entitlment granted by Apple and NEAppPushProvider was working perfectly on older iOS versions before iOS26. The problem I faced with iOS26: when i enable VPN - NEAppPushProvider stops with reason /** @const NEProviderStopReasonNoNetworkAvailable There is no network connectivity. */ case noNetworkAvailable = 3. But device is still connected to proper SSID that is included to matchSSIDs. I discovered it only happens if my VPN config file include this line redirect-gateway def1 without that line NEAppPushProvider works as expected with enabled VPN. I use OpenVPN app. Is it a bug of iOS26 or I need some additional setup? Please help!

We have observed an internet access issue after the device enters idle mode on iOS 26 beta 9. Although the Ivanti Secure Access Client appears connected, users are unable to access any resources (internet or intranet) after unlocking the device from idle. When we check the log socket connection looks not disrupted, packets are tunnelled but no resource access. Split tunnel enabled and proxy PAC configured. This was observed on both iOS and iPadOS 26 beta. Steps to reproduce: Connecting to the internet, launching the Ivanti client, locking the device, and then unlocking it after a brief period of idle. The issue occurs when the VPN remains connected but no resources are accessible.

I can develop a PacketTunnelProvider on Mac with xcode. I work with my self codesign. But when I sign it with Developer ID after read https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/737894 , it still fail when I turn on the vpn .

I’m developing a iOS VPN app, and I need to execute a task in the main app even when it’s in the background or killed state. I know the Network Extension continues running during those times. Is there a way for the extension to immediately notify the app or trigger a task on the app side?

https://developer.apple.com/forums/thread/707294 General: Forums subtopic: App & System Services > Networking DevForums tag: Network Extension Network Extension framework documentation Routing your VPN network traffic article Filtering traffic by URL sample code Filtering Network Traffic sample code TN3120 Expected use cases for Network Extension packet tunnel providers technote TN3134 Network Extension provider deployment technote TN3165 Packet Filter is not API technote Network Extension and VPN Glossary forums post Debugging a Network Extension Provider forums post Exporting a Developer ID Network Extension forums post Network Extension vs ad hoc techniques on macOS forums post Network Extension Provider Packaging forums post NWEndpoint History and Advice forums post Extra-ordinary Networking forums post Wi-Fi management: Wi-Fi Fundamentals forums post TN3111 iOS Wi-Fi API overview technote How to modernize your captive network developer news post iOS Network Signal Strength forums post See also Networking Resources. Share and Enjoy — Quinn “The Eskimo!” @ Developer Technical Support @ Apple let myEmail = "eskimo" + "1" + "@" + "apple.com"

This is a topic that’s come up a few times on the forums, so I thought I’d write up a summary of the issues I’m aware of. If you have questions or comments, start a new thread in the App & System Services > Networking subtopic and tag it with Network Extension. That way I’ll be sure to see it go by. Share and Enjoy — Quinn “The Eskimo!” @ Developer Technical Support @ Apple let myEmail = "eskimo" + "1" + "@" + "apple.com" Network Extension Provider Packaging There are two ways to package a network extension provider: App extension ( appex ) System extension ( sysex ) Different provider types support different packaging on different platforms. See TN3134 Network Extension provider deployment for the details. Some providers, most notably packet tunnel providers on macOS, support both appex and sysex packaging. Sysex packaging has a number of advantages: It supports direct distribution, using Developer ID signing. It better matches the networking stack on macOS. An appex is tied to the logged in user, whereas a sysex, and the networking stack itself, is global to the system as a whole. Given that, it generally makes sense to package your Network Extension (NE) provider as a sysex on macOS. If you’re creating a new product that’s fine, but if you have an existing iOS product that you want to bring to macOS, you have to account for the differences brought on by the move to sysex packaging. Similarly, if you have an existing sysex product on macOS that you want to bring to iOS, you have to account for the appex packaging. This post summarises those changes. Keep the following in mind while reading this post: The information here applies to all NE providers that can be packaged as either an appex or a sysex. When this post uses a specific provider type in an example, it’s just an example. Unless otherwise noted, any information about iOS also applies to iPadOS, tvOS, and visionOS. Process Lifecycle With appex packaging, the system typically starts a new process for each instance of your NE provider. For example, with a packet tunnel provider: When the users starts the VPN, the system creates a process and then instantiates and starts the NE provider in that process. When the user stops the VPN, the system stops the NE provider and then terminates the process running it. If the user starts the VPN again, the system creates an entirely new process and instantiates and starts the NE provider in that. In contrast, with sysex packaging there’s typically a single process that runs all off the sysex’s NE providers. Returning to the packet tunnel provider example: When the users starts the VPN, the system instantiates and starts the NE provider in the sysex process. When the user stops the VPN, the system stops and deallocates the NE provider instances, but leaves the sysex process running. If the user starts the VPN again, the system instantiates and starts a new instances of the NE provider in the sysex process. This lifecycle reflects how the system runs the NE provider, which in turn has important consequences on what the NE provider can do: An appex acts like a launchd agent [1], in that it runs in a user context and has access to that user’s state. A sysex is effectively a launchd daemon. It runs in a context that’s global to the system as a whole. It does not have access to any single user’s state. Indeed, there might be no user logged in, or multiple users logged in. The rest of this post explores specific consequences of the NE provider lifecycle. [1] It’s not actually run as a launchd agent. Rather, there’s a system launchd agent that acts as the host for the app extension. App Groups With an app extension, the app extension and its container app run as the same user. Thus it’s trivial to share state between them using an app group container. Note When talking about extensions on Apple platforms, the container app is the app in which the extension is embedded and the host app is the app using the extension. For network extensions the host app is the system itself. That’s not the case with a system extension. The system extension runs as root whereas the container app runs an the user who launched it. While both programs can claim access to the same app group, the app group container location they receive will be different. For the system extension that location will be inside the home directory for the root user. For the container app the location will be inside the home directory of the user who launched it. This does not mean that app groups are useless in a Network Extension app. App groups are also a factor in communicating between the container app and its extensions, the subject of the next section. IMPORTANT App groups have a long and complex history on macOS. For the full story, see App Groups: macOS vs iOS: Working Towards Harmony. Communicating with Extensions With an app extension there are two communication options: App-provider messages App groups App-provider messages are supported by NE directly. In the container app, send a message to the provider by calling sendProviderMessage(_:responseHandler:) method. In the appex, receive that message by overriding the handleAppMessage(_:completionHandler:) method. An appex can also implement inter-process communication (IPC) using various system IPC primitives. Both the container app and the appex claim access to the app group via the com.apple.security.application-groups entitlement. They can then set up IPC using various APIs, as explain in the documentation for that entitlement. With a system extension the story is very different. App-provider messages are supported, but they are rarely used. Rather, most products use XPC for their communication. In the sysex, publish a named XPC endpoint by setting the NEMachServiceName property in its Info.plist. Listen for XPC connections on that endpoint using the XPC API of your choice. Note For more information about the available XPC APIs, see XPC Resources. In the container app, connect to that named XPC endpoint using the XPC Mach service name API. For example, with NSXPCConnection, initialise the connection with init(machServiceName:options:), passing in the string from NEMachServiceName. To maximise security, set the .privileged flag. Note XPC Resources has a link to a post that explains why this flag is important. If the container app is sandboxed — necessary if you ship on the Mac App Store — then the endpoint name must be prefixed by an app group ID that’s accessible to that app, lest the App Sandbox deny the connection. See app groups documentation for the specifics. When implementing an XPC listener in your sysex, keep in mind that: Your sysex’s named XPC endpoint is registered in the global namespace. Any process on the system can open a connection to it [1]. Your XPC listener must be prepared for this. If you want to restrict connections to just your container app, see XPC Resources for a link to a post that explains how to do that. Your sysex only gets one named XPC endpoint, and thus one XPC listener. If your sysex includes multiple NE providers, take that into account when you design your XPC protocol. [1] Assuming that connection isn’t blocked by some other mechanism, like the App Sandbox. Inter-provider Communication A sysex can include multiple types of NE providers. For example, a single sysex might include a content filter and a DNS proxy provider. In that case the system instantiates all of the NE providers in the same sysex process. These instances can communicate without using IPC, for example, by storing shared state in global variables (with suitable locking, of course). It’s also possible for a single container app to contain multiple sysexen, each including a single NE provider. In that case the system instantiates the NE providers in separate processes, one for each sysex. If these providers need to communicate, they have to use IPC. In the appex case, the system instantiates each provider in its own process. If two providers need to communicate, they have to use IPC. Managing Secrets An appex runs in a user context and thus can store secrets, like VPN credentials, in the keychain. On macOS this includes both the data protection keychain and the file-based keychain. It can also use a keychain access group to share secrets with its container app. See Sharing access to keychain items among a collection of apps. Note If you’re not familiar with the different types of keychain available on macOS, see TN3137 On Mac keychain APIs and implementations. A sysex runs in the global context and thus doesn’t have access to user state. It also doesn’t have access to the data protection keychain. It must use the file-based keychain, and specifically the System keychain. That means there’s no good way to share secrets with the container app. Instead, do all your keychain operations in the sysex. If the container app needs to work with a secret, have it pass that request to the sysex via IPC. For example, if the user wants to use a digital identity as a VPN credential, have the container app get the PKCS#12 data and password and then pass that to the sysex so that it can import the digital identity into the keychain. Memory Limits iOS imposes strict memory limits an NE provider appexen [1]. macOS imposes no memory limits on NE provider appexen or sysexen. [1] While these limits are not documented officially, you can get a rough handle on the current limits by reading the posts in this thread. Frameworks If you want to share code between a Mac app and its embedded appex, use a structure like this: MyApp.app/ Contents/ MacOS/ MyApp PlugIns/ MyExtension.appex/ Contents/ MacOS/ MyExtension … Frameworks/ MyFramework.framework/ … There’s one copy of the framework, in the app’s Frameworks directory, and both the app and the appex reference it. This approach works for an appex because the system always loads the appex from your app’s bundle. It does not work for a sysex. When you activate a sysex, the system copies it to a protected location. If that sysex references a framework in its container app, it will fail to start because that framework isn’t copied along with the sysex. The solution is to structure your app like this: MyApp.app/ Contents/ MacOS/ MyApp Library/ SystemExtensions/ MyExtension.systemextension/ Contents/ MacOS/ MyExtension Frameworks/ MyFramework.framework/ … … That is, have both the app and the sysex load the framework from the sysex’s Frameworks directory. When the system copies the sysex to its protected location, it’ll also copy the framework, allowing the sysex to load it. To make this work you have to change the default rpath configuration set up by Xcode. Read Dynamic Library Standard Setup for Apps to learn how that works and then tweak things so that: The framework is embedded in the sysex, not the container app. The container app has an additional LC_RPATH load command for the sysex’s Frameworks directory (@executable_path/../Library/SystemExtensions/MyExtension.systemextension/Contents/Frameworks). The sysex’s LC_RPATH load command doesn’t reference the container app’s Frameworks directory (@executable_path/../../../../Frameworks) but instead points to the sysex’s Framweorks directory (@executable_path/../Frameworks).

I am running a full-tunnel VPN using a Packet Tunnel Provider. During VPN setup, we configure DNS setting with specific DNS servers for all domains to be used by the tunnel. However, our project requires DNS resolution for every domain from both the VPN-provided DNS servers and the ISP’s DNS servers. When I attempt to use c-ares or other third-party libraries to resolve domains via the ISP DNS servers, these libraries only detect and use the VPN DNS servers instead. As a result, all queries fail. Is there a way on iOS to programmatically determine the ISP DNS servers while a full-tunnel VPN is active, or a system API that allows DNS queries to be explicitly resolved using the ISP’s DNS servers?

Hi! When starting my app which is loading a Content Filter Network Extension I am getting the following error : sysextd: <bundle_id> : extension failed category property check: extensions belonging to the com.apple.system_extension.endpoint_security category require a later version of operating system to launch ... OSSystemExtensionRequest didFailWithError for <bundle_id> : The operation couldn’t be completed. (OSSystemExtensionErrorDomain error 9.) This is happening on a VM running Sonoma 14.7.8. I upgraded the VM to the latest available OS and the system extension is loading just fine. My question is : reading the documentation, I understand that the Network Extensions are supported starting with macOS 10.10+. Why is this not working on my Sonoma 14.7.8 VM?

As per : TN3120: Expected use cases for Network Extension packet tunnel providers | Apple Developer Documentation It is clear that Packets that are read from NEPacketTunnelFlow are meant to be sent over a tunnel connection to a remote server for injection into a remote network. They are not meant to be dropped or re-injected back into the system. In my usecase: NEPacketTunnelProvider is separate process. which reads the packet using packetFlow.readPacketObjects Send it over to other process i.e privileged helper(Non-bundle/command line tool/non sandboxed) via UDS IPC. Helpers send to to remote tunnel and return back the packet to NEPacketTunnelFlow via same IPC. NEPacketTunnelProvider uses packetFlow.writePacketObjects to inject packets. Things works fine. We don't distribute it via Appstore. We are now attempting to implement a on device bypass mechanism from helper tool side. Could you please suggest if there is any approach I could try, even if it involves proceeding at my own risk?

We are developing a custom vpn client using Packet Tunnel Provider extension. Our VPN use Client Certificate authentication. Certificates need to be delivered to device using MDM. We plan to deliver certificates and other settings using configuration profiles with com.apple.vpn.managed and com.apple.security.pkcs12 payloads. There are some things we do not understand: What entitlements do we need? Do we need additional entitlements except com.apple.developer.networkingextension and com.apple.managed.vpn.shared? What is the process to get com.apple.managed.vpn.shared entitlement? Is ADP (not ADEP) enough for such application?

We’ve noticed an issue where after running a network extension, if the phone’s language is changed the Locale.preferredLanguages array is not updated and still returns the old array. It only returns the updated array when the app is reinstalled or the phone is restarted. This is unlike the app itself where using the same Locale.preferredLanguages API immediately returns the updated array. We think this issue is also the cause of notifications that are sent by the network extension being in the previous language as long as the app isn’t reinstalled or the phone is restarted, despite our Localizable file having localised strings for the new language. Feedback ID: FB20086051 The feedback report includes a sample project with steps on how to reproduce the issue.

I'm having a lot of trouble just getting a basic network extension startup, I have a main application that creates the configuration and requests the app extension based network extension to launch. The network extension implements a NEPacketTunnelProvider and the application doesn't receive an error when starting the tunnel but when I inspect the networkextension system logs, I keep getting errors and the network extension itself doesn't appear to start nor does it log anything. log stream --predicate 'subsystem == "com.apple.networkextension"' neagent: (NetworkExtension) [com.apple.networkextension:] Extension request with extension $(BUNDLE_ID) started with identifier (null) neagent: (NetworkExtension) [com.apple.networkextension:] Failed to start extension $(BUNDLE_ID): Error Domain=NSCocoaErrorDomain Code=4097 "connection to service named $(BUNDLE_ID)" UserInfo={NSDebugDescription=connection to service named $(BUNDLE_ID)} nesessionmanager: [com.apple.networkextension:] Validation failed - no audit tokens nesessionmanager: [com.apple.networkextension:] NEVPNTunnelPlugin($(BUNDLE_ID)[inactive]): Validation of the extension failed The network extension is written in Objective-C as it needs to integrate with another language. It's not entirely clear what kind of executable the network extension is meant to be, is it meant to have a main entrypoint, or is it supposed to be a shared library / bundle?