Explore the various UI frameworks available for building app interfaces. Discuss the use cases for different frameworks, share best practices, and get help with specific framework-related questions.

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A Summary of the WWDC25 Group Lab - UI Frameworks
At WWDC25 we launched a new type of Lab event for the developer community - Group Labs. A Group Lab is a panel Q&A designed for a large audience of developers. Group Labs are a unique opportunity for the community to submit questions directly to a panel of Apple engineers and designers. Here are the highlights from the WWDC25 Group Lab for UI Frameworks. How would you recommend developers start adopting the new design? Start by focusing on the foundational structural elements of your application, working from the "top down" or "bottom up" based on your application's hierarchy. These structural changes, like edge-to-edge content and updated navigation and controls, often require corresponding code modifications. As a first step, recompile your application with the new SDK to see what updates are automatically applied, especially if you've been using standard controls. Then, carefully analyze where the new design elements can be applied to your UI, paying particular attention to custom controls or UI that could benefit from a refresh. Address the large structural items first then focus on smaller details is recommended. Will we need to migrate our UI code to Swift and SwiftUI to adopt the new design? No, you will not need to migrate your UI code to Swift and SwiftUI to adopt the new design. The UI frameworks fully support the new design, allowing you to migrate your app with as little effort as possible, especially if you've been using standard controls. The goal is to make it easy to adopt the new design, regardless of your current UI framework, to achieve a cohesive look across the operating system. What was the reason for choosing Liquid Glass over frosted glass, as used in visionOS? The choice of Liquid Glass was driven by the desire to bring content to life. The see-through nature of Liquid Glass enhances this effect. The appearance of Liquid Glass adapts based on its size; larger glass elements look more frosted, which aligns with the design of visionOS, where everything feels larger and benefits from the frosted look. What are best practices for apps that use customized navigation bars? The new design emphasizes behavior and transitions as much as static appearance. Consider whether you truly need a custom navigation bar, or if the system-provided controls can meet your needs. Explore new APIs for subtitles and custom views in navigation bars, designed to support common use cases. If you still require a custom solution, ensure you're respecting safe areas using APIs like SwiftUI's safeAreaInset. When working with Liquid Glass, group related buttons in shared containers to maintain design consistency. Finally, mark glass containers as interactive. For branding, instead of coloring the navigation bar directly, consider incorporating branding colors into the content area behind the Liquid Glass controls. This creates a dynamic effect where the color is visible through the glass and moves with the content as the user scrolls. I want to know why new UI Framework APIs aren’t backward compatible, specifically in SwiftUI? It leads to code with lots of if-else statements. Existing APIs have been updated to work with the new design where possible, ensuring that apps using those APIs will adopt the new design and function on both older and newer operating systems. However, new APIs often depend on deep integration across the framework and graphics stack, making backward compatibility impractical. When using these new APIs, it's important to consider how they fit within the context of the latest OS. The use of if-else statements allows you to maintain compatibility with older systems while taking full advantage of the new APIs and design features on newer systems. If you are using new APIs, it likely means you are implementing something very specific to the new design language. Using conditional code allows you to intentionally create different code paths for the new design versus older operating systems. Prefer to use if #available where appropriate to intentionally adopt new design elements. Are there any Liquid Glass materials in iOS or macOS that are only available as part of dedicated components? Or are all those materials available through new UIKit and AppKit views? Yes, some variations of the Liquid Glass material are exclusively available through dedicated components like sliders, segmented controls, and tab bars. However, the "regular" and "clear" glass materials should satisfy most application requirements. If you encounter situations where these options are insufficient, please file feedback. If I were to create an app today, how should I design it to make it future proof using Liquid Glass? The best approach to future-proof your app is to utilize standard system controls and design your UI to align with the standard system look and feel. Using the framework-provided declarative API generally leads to easier adoption of future design changes, as you're expressing intent rather than specifying pixel-perfect visuals. Pay close attention to the design sessions offered this year, which cover the design motivation behind the Liquid Glass material and best practices for its use. Is it possible to implement your own sidebar on macOS without NSSplitViewController, but still provide the Liquid Glass appearance? While technically possible to create a custom sidebar that approximates the Liquid Glass appearance without using NSSplitViewController, it is not recommended. The system implementation of the sidebar involves significant unseen complexity, including interlayering with scroll edge effects and fullscreen behaviors. NSSplitViewController provides the necessary level of abstraction for the framework to handle these details correctly. Regarding the SceneDelagate and scene based life-cycle, I would like to confirm that AppDelegate is not going away. Also if the above is a correct understanding, is there any advice as to what should, and should not, be moved to the SceneDelegate? UIApplicationDelegate is not going away and still serves a purpose for application-level interactions with the system and managing scenes at a higher level. Move code related to your app's scene or UI into the UISceneDelegate. Remember that adopting scenes doesn't necessarily mean supporting multiple scenes; an app can be scene-based but still support only one scene. Refer to the tech note Migrating to the UIKit scene-based life cycle and the Make your UIKit app more flexible WWDC25 session for more information.
Topic: UI Frameworks SubTopic: General
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Jun ’25
iOS17 UITextView inputView becomFirstResponder does not work
Simplely, when we set UITextView.inputView and then call becomeFirstResponder, but the custom inputView could not show expectedly just like before. We test this code in iOS17 and below, while only iOS17 does not work. And xcode console print these logs: Failed to retrieve snapshot. -[RTIInputSystemClient remoteTextInputSessionWithID:performInputOperation:] perform input operation requires a valid sessionID -[RTIInputSystemClient remoteTextInputSessionWithID:performInputOperation:] perform input operation requires a valid sessionID -[RTIInputSystemClient remoteTextInputSessionWithID:performInputOperation:] perform input operation requires a valid sessionID -[RTIInputSystemClient remoteTextInputSessionWithID:performInputOperation:] perform input operation requires a valid sessionID Unsupported action selector setShiftStatesNeededInDestination:autoShifted:shiftLocked: Unsupported action selector setShiftStatesNeededInDestination:autoShifted:shiftLocked: Unsupported action selector setShiftStatesNeededInDestination:autoShifted:shiftLocked: Unsupported action selector setShiftStatesNeededInDestination:autoShifted:shiftLocked:
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Apr ’25
Xcode 14: [Assert] UINavigationBar decoded as unlocked for UINavigationController
In Xcode 14 RC, I'm seeing this in the Console: [Assert] UINavigationBar decoded as unlocked for UINavigationController, or navigationBar delegate set up incorrectly. Inconsistent configuration may cause problems. navigationController=<MasterNavigationController: 0x135016200>, navigationBar=<UINavigationBar: 0x134f0aec0; frame = (0 20; 0 50); opaque = NO; autoresize = W; layer = <CALayer: 0x600000380be0>> delegate=0x135016200 The above message displays exactly four times immediately at app launch (top of the console) then does not repeat. MasterNavigationController is the internal class for the app's navigation controller. It is in a Storyboard, with very minimal ObjC code. I am not setting any specific size for the nav bar. I don't remember seeing this in earlier builds of Xcode, but I can't swear to it that this is new. No assertion actually fires.
Topic: UI Frameworks SubTopic: UIKit Tags:
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Mar ’25
iOS 16.0 beta 7 broke Text(Date(), style: .timer) in SwiftUI widgets
Hi, In my apps, the recent iOS 16.0 beta 7 (20A5356a) broke the .timer DateStyle property of the Text view, in a SwiftUI widget. In previous OS and beta, Text(Date(), style: .timer) was correctly displaying an increasing counter. In iOS 6.0 beta 7, Text(Date(), style: .timer) does not update anymore, (and is offset to the left). The other DateStyle (like .offset, .relative, ...) seems to update correctly. Anyone noticed that (very specific) problem ?
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Jul ’25
SwiftUI : NavigationStack in new iOS 18 TabView pushes twice when path in parameter
Hello, With iOS 18, when NavigationStack is in new TabView, with path parameter containing current navigation state is set, the navigation destination view is pushed twice. See below with example that pushes twice on iOS 18 but is correct on iOS 17 @MainActor class NavigationModel: ObservableObject { static let shared = NavigationModel() @Published var selectedTab: String @Published var homePath: [Route] @Published var testPath: [Route] } struct ContentView: View { @StateObject private var navigationModel: NavigationModel = NavigationModel.shared var body: some View { TabView(selection: $navigationModel.selectedTab){ HomeView() .tabItem { Label("Home", systemImage: "house") } .tag("home") TestView() .tabItem { Label("Test", systemImage: "circle") } .tag("test") } } } struct HomeView: View { @StateObject private var navigationModel: NavigationModel = NavigationModel.shared var body: some View { NavigationStack(path: $navigationModel.homePath){ VStack{ Text("home") NavigationLink(value: Route.test1("test1")){ Text("Go to test1") } } .navigationDestination(for: Route.self){ route in NavigationModelBuilder.findFinalDestination(route:route) } } } } I don't what causes the issue because it works well on iOS 16 and iOS 17. I think the path is somehow reset but I don't why (maybe by the TabView ?) Note that the bug only occurs with TabView. Don't really know if it is a TabView bug or if it is on my side. I filed a feedback with sample project FB14312064
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Oct ’24
Disable new tab bar look
Hi, I am trying out the new UITabBar stuff in iOS18, and I don't think it'll be a good fit for my app. Is there a way to revert to the old iPad UITabBar look and placement that we've been using before? I don't want to make such a big change like this just yet, but I would need to make other changes to the app as well and I don't want to use the new UITabBar just yet. Is there a way to achieve this?
Topic: UI Frameworks SubTopic: General Tags:
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Nov ’24
Crash in iOS18
I have a UITableView which contains a UICollectionView in the first row. It used to work fine in iOS17, but now I get a crash when running with Xcode 16 / iOS18 beta: Expected dequeued view to be returned to the collection view in preparation for display. When the collection view's data source is asked to provide a view for a given index path, ensure that a single view is dequeued and returned to the collection view. Avoid dequeuing views without a request from the collection view. For retrieving an existing view in the collection view, use -[UICollectionView cellForItemAtIndexPath:] or -[UICollectionView supplementaryViewForElementKind:atIndexPath:] This is my UITableView delegate call: AddEditDataCell *cell = nil; if (indexPath.section == 0) { if (indexPath.row == 0) { AddEditDataContactsCell *contactNameCell = (AddEditDataContactsCell *)[self cellForContactNamesCollectionAtIndexPath:indexPath tableView:tableView]; return contactNameCell; - (AddEditDataContactsCell *)cellForContactNamesCollectionAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath tableView:(UITableView *)tableView { AddEditDataContactsCell *contactsCell = (AddEditDataContactsCell *)[self.tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:@"ContactsCell" forIndexPath:indexPath]; if (self.collectionNameCell == nil) { self.collectionNameCell = [contactsCell.collectionView dequeueReusableCellWithReuseIdentifier:@"LogContactNameCollectionCellIdentifier" forIndexPath:[NSIndexPath indexPathForRow:0 inSection:0]]; contactsCell.nameCellDelegate = self; } contactsCell.frame = CGRectZero; [contactsCell setNeedsLayout]; [contactsCell.collectionView reloadData]; contactsCell.collectionViewHeightConstraint.constant = contactsCell.collectionView.collectionViewLayout.collectionViewContentSize.height; [contactsCell.collectionView.collectionViewLayout invalidateLayout]; return contactsCell; }
Topic: UI Frameworks SubTopic: UIKit
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Dec ’24
Checking the contents of a TextField variable method not working
Hoping someone can help me with this… The error is… Generic parameter ‘/‘ cannot be inferred. .multilineTextAlignment(.center) .onAppear(perform: { var checkFirstCardLatitude = cards.firstCardLatitude let charArray = Array(checkFirstCardLatitude) let allowed: [Character] = ["-", ".", "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9"] for char in charArray { if char != allowed { cards.firstCardLatitude = "000.000000" // Reset Text Field } } })
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May ’25
SwiftUI - Placing ToolbarItem on .keyboard does not work
I have a regular SwiftUI View embedded inside of a NavigationStack. In this view, I make use of the .searchable() view modifier to make that view searchable. I have a button on the toolbar placed on the .confirmationAction section, which is a problem when a User types into the search bar and the button gets replaced by the SearchBar's cancel button. Thus, I conditionally place the button, depending on whether a User is searching, either on the navigationBar or on the keyboard. The latter does not work however, as the button does not show and when trying to debug the View Hierarchy, Xcode throws an error saying the View Hierarchy could not be displayed. If I set the button to be on the .bottomBar instead, it shows up perfectly and the View Hierarchy also displays with no further issue. Has someone come across this issue and if so, how did you get it fixed? Thank you in advance.
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Jul ’25
Error when clicking on TextField : CLIENT ERROR: TUINSRemoteViewController does not override -viewServiceDidTerminateWithError: and thus cannot react to catastrophic errors beyond logging them
Hello, I face an error everytime I want to interact with a TextField. The XCode debug area is showing : CLIENT ERROR: TUINSRemoteViewController does not override -viewServiceDidTerminateWithError: and thus cannot react to catastrophic errors beyond logging them There is no crash, and the text field is working fine. I am developing for MacOS using a macbook pro Intel from 2019 with Sonoma 14.5 and Xcode 15.4 and I think that I noticed since the release of Sonoma. I was not particularly concerned by it but I noticed that interacting with the textField was leading to severe hang in my app, and micro-hang in the test app and I am wondering is these two issues could be related. The message is easy to reproduce. Just create a new Project/Application/App using SwiftUI and add a TextField to the ContentView. When you start app, click or double click on the text field, enter a message and press enter. import SwiftUI struct ContentView: View { @State var value: String = "" var body: some View { VStack { Image(systemName: "globe") .imageScale(.large) .foregroundStyle(.tint) Text("Hello, world!") TextField(text: $value, label: { Text("Test") } ) } .padding() } } Did you notice the same thing ? How I could solve it ? Note : I already posted the problem on Swift forums but it was close because related to SwiftUI https://forums.swift.org/t/error-when-clicking-on-textfield-client-error-tuinsremoteviewcontroller-does-not-override-viewservicedidterminatewitherror-and-thus-cannot-react-to-catastrophic-errors-beyond-logging-them/72134/1 Thank you
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Dec ’24
Navigation: update multiple times per frame
After updating to NavigationStack with nested navigation links (with navigation links in a navigation destination), I see a lot of warnings in Xcode 14 beta: Update NavigationAuthority bound path tried to update multiple times per frame. Update NavigationAuthority possible destinations tried to update multiple times per frame. The app often freezes when navigated with a NavigationLink. Do others see these problems?
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Oct ’24
App was crashing in xcode 16 due to Quicklook UI framework
QLPreviewView was used in the app to display the file previews. But the following crash was happening. Date/Time: 2024-09-13 22:03:59.056 +0530 OS Version: Mac OS X 10.13.6 (17G14042) Report Version: 12 Anonymous UUID: 7CA3750A-2BDD-3FFF-5940-E5EEAE2E55F5 Time Awake Since Boot: 4300 seconds System Integrity Protection: disabled Notes: Translocated Process Crashed Thread: 0 Exception Type: EXC_CRASH (SIGABRT) Exception Codes: 0x0000000000000000, 0x0000000000000000 Exception Note: EXC_CORPSE_NOTIFY Termination Reason: DYLD, [0x1] Library missing Application Specific Information: dyld: launch, loading dependent libraries Dyld Error Message: Library not loaded: /System/Library/Frameworks/QuickLookUI.framework/Versions/A/QuickLookUI Referenced from: /private/var/folders/*/Notebook (Beta).app/Contents/MacOS/Notebook (Beta) Reason: image not found
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Nov ’24
Swift UI on iOS 14 not assigning new object to @State property
On iOS 13 I used to use optional @State properties to adapt views. In my case, the presented view would either create a new object (an assignment) if the state that is passed into it is nil, or edit the assignment if an assignment was passed in. This would be done in the action block of a Button and it worked beautifully. On iOS 14 / Xcode 12 this no longer seems to work. Given the following code which creates a new assignment and passes it into the editor view when the user taps a "New Assignment" button, the value of assignment remains nil. Is anyone else experiencing similar behaviour? struct ContentView: View { &#9;&#9;@Environment(\.managedObjectContext) var context &#9;&#9;@State var assignmentEditorIsPresented = false &#9;&#9;@State var assignment: Assignment? = nil &#9;&#9;var Body: some View { &#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;[...] &#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;Button("New Assignment", action: { &#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;self.assignment = Assignment(context: context) &#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;self.assignmentEditorIsPresented = true &#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;}) &#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;.sheet(isPresented: assignmentEditorIsPresented) { &#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;[...] &#9;&#9;&#9;&#9;} &#9;&#9;} } What's even weirder is that I tried adding a random piece of state, an Int, to this view and modifying it right before the assignment state (between lines 9 and 10) and it didn't change either.
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Mar ’25
[macOS Sequoia] Using RegisterEventHotkey with option and shift modifiers doesn't working anymore
Hello. In my app, I use RegisterEventHotkey to implement global keyboard shortcuts to trigger actions. Up until macOS Sequoia, I was able to use a keyboard shortcut with option and shift as the modifiers, like option shift 2 (⌥ ⇧ 2). Now, on macOS Sequoia, using RegisterEventHotkey to register a hotkey with those exact modifiers (option and shift), regardless of the key, fails with the error -9868 (eventInternalErr). Is this a documented and wanted change, or is this a bug? Other modifier keys (just command, command option, command shift, command control, control shift, etc), all work. Any insight into this would be appreciated. (Feedback filed: FB15163561) Thank you, Matthias
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Jan ’25
Invalid Numeric Value (NaN) Error in SwiftUI's TextField on Long-Press
I'm experiencing a peculiar issue with SwiftUI's TextField. Whenever I long-press on the TextField, the console outputs an error about passing an invalid numeric value (NaN, or not-a-number) to the CoreGraphics API. This issue persists even in a new Xcode project with minimal code. Code Snippet: import SwiftUI struct ContentView: View { @State private var text: String = "" var body: some View { TextField("Placeholder", text: $text) } } Error: this application, or a library it uses, has passed an invalid numeric value (NaN, or not-a-number) to CoreGraphics API and this value is being ignored. Please fix this problem. Steps to Reproduce: Create a new SwiftUI project in Xcode. Add a TextField to the ContentView. Run the app on a device or simulator. Long-press inside the TextField. What I've Tried: Updating to the latest version of Xcode and iOS. Using UIViewRepresentable to wrap a UIKit UITextField. Creating a new Xcode project to isolate the issue. None of these steps have resolved the issue. Questions: Has anyone else encountered this problem? Are there any known workarounds for this issue? Is this a known bug, and if so, has it been addressed in any updates?
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Mar ’25
SwiftUI MapKit - MapAnnotation - Publishing changes from within view updates is not allowed, this will cause undefined behavior.
So I'm trying to use MapKit in a SwiftUI project targeting iOS/iPadOS. MapKit is obviously pretty limited in SwiftUI, but I've been getting warnings trying to set up basic annotations for the user to interact with. When I use a basic MapMarker everything is fine (although it's hard to do anything with it), but whenever I do anything with MapAnnotation, I get this warning in Xcode (14.0.1) whenever I move the map around: [SwiftUI] Publishing changes from within view updates is not allowed, this will cause undefined behavior. I'm no SwiftUI expert, and I get how to fix this issue when binding in something like a sheet, but I don't see how what I'm doing with MapAnnotation should be causing this. It looks like a bug to me, possibly complaining about the $region binding, but maybe I'm wrong? Am I doing something wrong or is this a bug? Below is some sample code that reproduces this easily for me (just launch an app with the below code and then drag the map around to see the constant warnings in Xcode). It's mostly an example from here: https://www.hackingwithswift.com/books/ios-swiftui/integrating-mapkit-with-swiftui import SwiftUI import MapKit struct Location: Identifiable {     let id = UUID()     let name: String     let coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D } struct ContentView: View {     @State private var region = MKCoordinateRegion(center: CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: 51.5, longitude: -0.12), span: MKCoordinateSpan(latitudeDelta: 0.2, longitudeDelta: 0.2))     let locations = [         Location(name: "Buckingham Palace", coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: 51.501, longitude: -0.141)),         Location(name: "Tower of London", coordinate: CLLocationCoordinate2D(latitude: 51.508, longitude: -0.076))     ]     var body: some View {         Map(coordinateRegion: $region, annotationItems: locations) { location in             MapAnnotation(coordinate: location.coordinate) {                 Circle()                     .stroke(.red, lineWidth: 3)                     .frame(width: 44, height: 44)             }         }         .navigationTitle("Map")         .edgesIgnoringSafeArea(.all)     } }
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Oct ’24
UISegmentedControl Not Switching Segments on iOS Beta 26
While testing my application on iOS beta 26, I am experiencing issues with the native UISegmentedControl component from UIKit. After implementing the control, I noticed that I am unable to switch to the second segment option—the selection remains fixed on the first segment regardless of user interaction. I have already reviewed the initial configuration of the control, the addition of the segments, and the implementation of the target-action, but the issue persists. I would like to understand what could be causing this behavior and if there are any specific adjustments or workarounds for iOS 26. I created a minimal application containing only a UISegmentedControl to clearly demonstrate the issue.
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Aug ’25