When describing closed captions renditions through HLS master playlists, should a properly formed playlist with closed captions contain one closed caption rendition with the DEFAULT=YES attribute? I searched the HLS RFC and section 4.3.4.1 on EXT-X-MEDIA mentions that no more than one should contain the DEFAULT=YES attribute. I was hoping to find recommendations around whether with one or more EXT-X-MEDIA renditions in the same group, if it is required that one of them contain DEFAULT=YES.The media player I am using does not display closed captions if one of the closed captions renditions does not contain the DEFAULT=YES attribute and I am wondering if that is an issue with the player or an issue with a malformed HLS playlist. Note the lack of a DEFAULT=YES attribute in the example playlist below. Should this still be considered a valid playlist?#EXTM3U #EXT-X-VERSION:3 #EXT-X-INDEPENDENT-SEGMENTS #EXT-X-MEDIA:TYPE=CLOSED-CAPTIONS,GROUP-ID="CC",LANGUAGE="eng",NAME="English",INSTREAM-ID="CC1" #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=2103200,AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH=2305600,CODECS="avc1.640029,mp4a.40.2",RESOLUTION=960x540,FRAME-RATE=30.000,CLOSED-CAPTIONS="CC" https://the.link.to.my.stream #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=804760,AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH=875600,CODECS="avc1.640029,mp4a.40.2",RESOLUTION=640x360,FRAME-RATE=30.000,CLOSED-CAPTIONS="CC" https://the.link.to.my.stream #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=1304160,AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH=1425600,CODECS="avc1.640029,mp4a.40.2",RESOLUTION=768x432,FRAME-RATE=30.000,CLOSED-CAPTIONS="CC" https://the.link.to.my.stream #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=505120,AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH=545600,CODECS="avc1.640029,mp4a.40.2",RESOLUTION=480x270,FRAME-RATE=30.000,CLOSED-CAPTIONS="CC" https://the.link.to.my.stream #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:BANDWIDTH=3102000,AVERAGE-BANDWIDTH=3405600,CODECS="avc1.640029,mp4a.40.2",RESOLUTION=1280x720,FRAME-RATE=30.000,CLOSED-CAPTIONS="CC" https://the.link.to.my.stream

I'm working on live streaming encoder but I cannot start to play live stream correctly if the stream type (#EXT-X-PLAYLIST-TYPE) is EVENT. When I try to play it, the stream starts from the beginning not the current position. When I tested on iPhone 7 (iOS 15.7.8), live streams start correctly but I tested on iPhone 8 Plus (iOS 16.6), live streams start from the beginning. (I tested on other iPhones with iOS 16 or later and the result is the same.) I also tried to add "#EXT-X-START:TIME-OFFSET" tag but it didn't work. Is this behavior a bug or do I have to add some tag to play?

In our application, we play video-on-demand (VOD) content and display subtitles in different languages.

Hi, I have an HLS content i.e., .m3u8 manifest file but the segments are encoded with **MPEG2Video. ** Is such encoding supported by HLS? Or they only support H.264/AVC or HEVC/H.265? Stream #0:0[0x281]: Video: mpeg2video (Main) ([2][0][0][0] / 0x0002), yuv420p(tv, bt470bg, top first), 720x576 [SAR 16:15 DAR 4:3], 3125 kb/s, 25 fps, 25 tbr, 90k tbn Stream #0:1[0x201]: Audio: mp2 ([3][0][0][0] / 0x0003), 48000 Hz, stereo, fltp, 128 kb/s Thanks.

Hi, I am using HLS playback for live broadcasting. I am using AVPlayerItem. In live, I found seekableDuration always have some offset from the latest moment compared to the same playback on Chrome or Android. As far as I have digged into, the difference approximately matches the recommendedTimeOffsetFromLive (usually 6~9 seconds on my tests). The problem is, I tried to minimize configuredTimeOffsetFromLive but it does not have any effect. Even if I set it to 1~2 seconds, it is always the same as recommendedTimeOffsetFromLive. I tried to change automaticallyPreservesTimeOffsetFromLive as well, but nothing seems working. How do these properties work and how can I make the time offset minimized?

Hi,When I run mediastreamvalidator on HLS streams (produced by mediafilesegmenter), with SAMPLE-AES applied, the latest version always signals :Unsupported audio track codec: Unknown - As a 'MUST FIX' issue.This result occurs even when I run the validator against the FairPlayStreaming example content supplied with the developer SDK package.This seems to have been introduced in HTTPLiveStreamingTools version:Version 1.2(170524)It does not happen with tools version:Version 1.2(160525)Is this a bug in the tool? or a new requirement perhaps?Hopefully someone can help me out with this...

I notice that precious few HTTP Live Streaming questions have gotten responses, let alone answers. But I'll be optimistic!I'd like to try streaming my own live video through the LL-HLS tools (currently prerelease 73), in multiple bitrates.I succeeded in following directions: I use tsrecompressor to generate "bip-bop" video and pass three compressed variations of that into three instances of mediastreamsegmenter, then out through three instances of ll-hls-origin-example.go. It works as promised, end-to-end. (Brief aside, for any who may stumble after me: it took me too long to realize that I should improve my knowledge of IP Multicasting and use the prescribed 224.0.0.50 address. I got nowhere trying to simply route familiar UDP unicast between my processes.)So far, so good. Now I want to supply my own video from an external feed. Not the generated "bip-bop" or any local capture devices.% tsrecompressor --help tsrecompressor: unrecognized option `--help' Read input MPEG-2 TS, recompress and write to output. Usage: tsrecompressor [options] where options are: -i | --input-file= : input file path (default is stdin) ... etc.That sounds fantastic — I'd love to feed tsrecompressor through stdin! But in what format? It doesn't say, and my first few dozen guesses came up cold.The man page for mediastreamsegmenter appears to point the way: The mediastreamsegmenter only accepts MPEG-2 Transport Streams as defined in ISO/IEC 14496-1 as input. The transport stream must contain H.264 (MPEG-4, part 10) video and AAC or MPEG audio. If AAC audio is used, it must have ADTS headers. H.264 video access units must use Access Unit Delimiter NALs, and must be in unique PES packets.Of course, that's mediastreamsegmenter and not tsrecompressor. But it's a start. So this is my best guess at the appropriate ffmpeg output. (Recall that I want to eventually pass a live stream into ffmpeg; for now I'm starting with an m4v file.)% ffmpeg -re -i infile.m4v \ -c:v h264_************ \ -c:a aac_at \ -f mpegts \ - | tsrecompressor -h -a \ -O 224.0.0.50:9121 \ -L 224.0.0.50:9123 \ -P 224.0.0.50:9125This ends abruptly after 9 frames.av_interleaved_write_frame(): Broken pipe Error writing trailer of pipe:: Broken pipe//My best results are when I change from H.264 to H.265:% ffmpeg -re -i infile.m4v \ -c:v hevc_************ \ -c:a aac_at \ -f mpegts \ - | tsrecompressor -h -a \ -O 224.0.0.50:9121 \ -L 224.0.0.50:9123 \ -P 224.0.0.50:9125Now it doesn't break the pipe. It keeps counting along, frame after frame. The VTEncoderXPCService starts up, and sampling of the tsrecompressor process shows both producer and consumer threads for audio recompression.But there's no output. There was output for the generated "bip-bop" video. Not for HEVC-TS via stdin. I'm not 100% certain yet but I see no indication of any UDP output from tsrecompressor. The three mediastreamsegmenter processes sit idle.Am I missing some tag, or something, in the input stream? Do I need to pay more attention to chunk sizes and frame offsets?Thanks, all, for any insight or experience.

I am facing an issue with video content that I have converted to HLS playlist content (using ffmpeg) added to an S3 bucket that is shared through a Cloudfront Distribution. My scenario is the following: I have a bucket called bucket-a, with a "folder" video-1 which contains the following files: output.m3u8 output0.ts ... output15.ts audio/ audio.aac image.jpg All items in bucket-a are blocked from public access through S3. Content is only vended through a Cloudfront distribution which has origin bucket-a. I am able to access https://.cloudfront.net/path/output.m3u8 on a desktop browser without fail, and no errors thrown. But the file output.m3u8 and all .ts files are not available on iPhone mobile browsers. The part that is peculiar is that this is not true for all playlist content in bucket-a. For example, I have a "folder" video-2 within bucket-a that has the same file structure as video-1 that is completely accessible through all mobile browsers. Here is an example master playlist error: https://dbs3s11vyxuw0.cloudfront.net/bottle-promo/script_four/output.m3u8 Even more head-scratching is that I am able to access all the playlists that are within this playlist. What I've tried: Initially, I believed the issue to be due to the way the video was transcoding so I standardized the video transcoding. Then I believed the issue to be due to CloudFront permissions, though those seem to be fine. I've validated my stream here: https://ott.dolby.com/OnDelKits_dev/StreamValidator/Start_Here.html Not sure which way to turn.

Hi there, I'm currently making a web application using webRTC. Even though all the SDP info and ICES of caller, callee are well transmitted, the connection was kept failing. The other devices are functioning well. However at just Iphone(13), it's not working. I tried to connect at same network. And it's working. Therefore I think it's a problem about Ice candidates. I read similar post to avoid this issue. And when one of safari's advanced option called WebRTC platform UDP sockets is disabled it's working. Is there a way that I can connect without tuning options of Safari? Thanks. FYI this is one of my Iphone's Ice candidate:842163049 1 udp 1685921535 118.235.10.100 50750 typ srflx raddr 0.0.0.0 rport 50750 generation 0 ufrag 7e7f network-id 3 network-cost 900

Hello, We are using HLS for our streaming iOS and tvOS applications. We have DRM protection on our applications but we want add another secure layer which is CDN token. We want to add that CDN token data on header or query parameters. Any of two are applicable at our CDN side. There is a problem at client side. We want to send that token knowledge and refresh at given a time. We add token data using at initial state let asset = AVURLAsset(url: url, options: ["AVURLAssetHTTPHeaderFieldsKey": headers]) and add interceptor with asset.resourceLoader.setDelegate. It works seamlessly. We use AVAssetResourceLoaderDelegate and we can intercept just master playlist and playlists via func resourceLoader(_ resourceLoader: AVAssetResourceLoader, shouldWaitForLoadingOfRequestedResource loadingRequest: AVAssetResourceLoadingRequest) -> Bool and we can refresh CDN token data at only playlists. That token data can be at query params or header. It does not matter. For example, #EXTM3U #EXT-X-VERSION:3 #EXTINF:10.0 https://chunk1?cdntoken=A.ts #EXTINF:10.0 https://chunk2?cdntoken=A.ts #EXTINF:10.0 https://chunk3?cdntoken=A.ts #EXTINF:10.0 assume that it is our .m3u8 file for given live video playlist. It has three chunks with cdn token data in query params. If we give that chunks to AVPlayer. It is going to play chunks in order. When we change new cdn token at query params, it effects our chunk Urls and our player stalls. It is because our cdn adds new cdn token knowledge to chunk's Url. It means that our new .m3u8 is going to be like that for next playlist; #EXT-X-VERSION:3 #EXTINF:10.0 https://chunk4?cdntoken=B.ts #EXTINF:10.0 https://chunk5?cdntoken=B.ts #EXTINF:10.0 https://chunk6?cdntoken=B.ts #EXTINF:10.0 Cdn token data is converted to B from A at cdn side and it sends new playlist like that. That's why, our player is going to stall. Is there any way not to player stall with edited chunk url? When we change new cdn token at header. It does not change chunks url like at the first question but AVPlayer does not allow to intercept chunk Urls which means that before callin https://chunk1?cdntoken=A.ts url, i want to intercept and add new cdn token data to header. Is there any way to intercept chunk Urls like intercepting playlist? Thanks for answers in advance

Problem Description This HLS video https://lf3-vod-cdn-tos.douyinstatic.com/obj/vodsass/hls/main.m3u8 starts with noise at 22 seconds play directly on MacOS 12.6.6 Safari，and it also appears on iOS (16.5.1) safari. But there is no noise when playing with MSE on Mac by the third-party open source web playe such as hls.js on Safari. Test tool hls.js test demo: https://hlsjs.video-dev.org/demo/

I am aware that HLS is required for most video streaming use cases (watching a movie, TV show, or YouTube video). This is a requirement for all apps. However, I am confused as to whether this would also apply to video chat/video conferencing apps. It would be inefficient to upload compressed video using rtmp/rtp, decompress it, and create HLS segments. Low latency requirements only make this worse. So, is it permissible to use other protocols for video conferencing use cases? Thanks

Issue: I am supporting an iOS application that streams Fairplay DRM protected content. On iOS 16 devices, I am seeing intermittent exceptions thrown when trying to process the CKC returned by the license server. The thrown exception is as follows: -[AVContentKeyRequest processContentKeyResponse:] AVContentKeySession's keySystem is not same as that of keyResponse This issue does not occur on older devices (we support iOS 13, 14, 15) I am unable to find documentation about this error so any insight is appreciated: High-Level Code Overview Use ContentKeyRequest to request an application certificate Use returned Cert to call makeStreamingContentKeyRequestData Use returned data to request FairPlay license Use returned CKC to generate AVContentKeyResponse (i.e. AVContentKeyResponse(fairPlayStreamingKeyResponseData:_)) Call processContentKeyResponse(_) App crash/exception thrown when callling processContentKeyResponse I am seeing other issues related to DRM and iOS 16 but these are specific to downloaded and offline content which do not match my use case.

Hello, I am developing a firewall against http attacks at Layer7 layer. And no system (linux/windows/android/bsd/ios version < 16) works flawlessly, except for ios 16 version. İos 16 device screen record (error): veed . io/view/ab86584b-c054-4b70-8c73-6ae9782fabad) Old ios version test (no error): I am using a golang http service in addition to nginx in the opened url. And when I try to access this golang code directly (ios16) I get 503 error from a device. And all this http service does is to set a cookie on the client after getting the useragent and ip information. Code: What new feature in iOS 16 prevents my service from running? and how can i fix this. Note: In iOS 16, the situation is the same in all browsers, not just safari, I tried it on chrome. However, there is no problem when I try it on 15 and lower versions, which is a lower version. Thanks for your help in advance.

Hi, Replay doesn't work on HLS videos (.m3u8) on ios 16 safari when you get to the end of a video. It works on .mp4s, .movs, etc. I have written a github issue on the videojs repo here: https://github.com/videojs/video.js/issues/8345 But i'm starting to think its the new native ios 16 player that is causing issues and not the library itself.

I want to edit the m3u8 manifest file for all the segments of a hd movies that has about 500 ts files. I want to change the url of each one. So far i've had to do it manually and was wondering if there's a software or method to do this very quickly.

I am developing an iOS app using SwiftUI, and I want to provide the functionality to download an HLS (HTTP Live Streaming) livestream for offline usage. However, I'm facing difficulties finding specific examples or tutorials on how to achieve this in SwiftUI. Could anyone provide me with some guidance or point me to resources that demonstrate how to download HLS livestreams for offline playback using SwiftUI? I would appreciate any code snippets, libraries, or step-by-step explanations that can help me implement this feature successfully. Thank you in advance for your assistance!

Hi, We are using AVPlayer for FPL HLS stream, after migrating to iOS 15 (currently Beta 3), we have observed a strange behavior during segments download; The player downloads last video segment of VOD HLS stream The player downloads all audio segments Playback starts playing from the end (last segment) Needs to restart playback to start downloading all video segments. Note that we do not have this behavior with older versions of iOS (14 and before). m3u8 file Thank you,

Hello Guys,Recently, I'm getting this kind of issue on the HLS live streaming content,The error detail is like belowerror -16832/CoreMediaErrorDomain Warning: restarting 12.494080s from end of live playlist; target duration 9s - stall danger for https://C4--147-21-8-0-24-8395.dfwlive-v1-c4p1-sponsored.dfw.vcdn.att-idns.net/Content/HLS.abre/Live/channel(CMTHD-8395.dfw.1080)/uc9zjusg758wyw3zmumhqyck92mpguti-ks7qcjbcm2aaaaaa-20191125T201851-197474271-114.vttAnyone know what this is? It seems make the picture frozen, or degrade the streaming quality. Sometimes end up restarting the playback.Thanks &amp; regards.

Hello, I have an IP Camera that is able to do RTSP streaming. This stream would go to my server, where it will be forwarded in RTSP format to an iPhone device. I would like to know if Apple allows RTSP incoming streaming (both audio and video); are there any specific guidelines for this? NOTE : - i will use Xcode version 14.3.1 swift version 5.8 Thanks,