I have been banging my head against this problem for a bit now. I am trying to build a bidirectional, infinitely scrolling list that implements these core requirements: Loads data up/down on the fly as the user scrolls Preserves scroll velocity as the list is updated Restores the scroll to the exact visual location after data has changed Ensures no flicker when restoring scroll position - the user cannot know the list has updated and should continue scrolling as normal Because LazyVStack does not play well with animations, I am opting to go with VStack and am implementing my own sliding window for data. This means that data can be removed as well as added, and a simple application of a height delta is not enough when restoring position. So far I have tried many things: Relying on ScrollPosition - simply does not work by itself as described (swift UI trying to keep the position stable with ID's) Relying on ScrollPosition.scrollTo - only kind of works with ID, no way to restore position with pixel perfect accuracy Intercepting the UIKit scrollView instance, using it to record and access the top row's position, mutating data and then queuing a scroll restoration using CATransaction.setCompletionBlock - this is the closest I've come, and it satisfies the top 3 requirements but sometimes I get a flicker on slightly heavier lists What I would really like, is a way of using ScrollView and granularly hooking into the lifecycle of the view after layout, and just before draw. At this point I would update the relevant scroll positions, and allow draw to continue. Is this possible? My knowledge is very limited at this point, but I believe I may be able to achieve something of the sort by swizzling layerWillDraw? Does this make sense, and is it prudent? In general, I'm very interesting in hearing what people have to say about the above, as well as this problem in general.

I’m trying to keep a specific row visually stable while the data backing a ScrollView changes. Goal 1. Before updating model.items, capture the top row’s offset relative to the scroll view. 2. Mutate the observable state so SwiftUI recomputes layout — but don’t draw yet. 3. Read the new layout, compute the delta, and adjust the scroll position so the previously visible row stays put. 4. Only then draw the new frame. Reduced example @Observable final class SomeModel { var items: [SomeItem] = [/* ... */] } struct MyBox: View { @Environment(SomeModel.self) private var model var body: some View { ScrollView { VStack { ForEach(model.items, id: \.id) { item in Color.red.frame(height: randomStableHeight(for: item.id)) } } } } } // Elsewhere: let oldRow = recordOldRow() // capture the row to stabilize model.items = generateNewItems() // mutate model (invalidates layout) let newPos = capturePreviousRowNewPosition(oldRow) // read new layout? restoreScrollPosition() // adjust so oldRow stays visually fixed // draw now Is that pipeline achievable in SwiftUI? If not, what’s the supported way to keep a row visually stable while the list updates?

iOS Development environment Xcode 16.4, macOS 15.6.1 (24G90) Run-time configuration: iOS 17.2+ Short Description After having successfully established an NWConnection (either as UDP or TCP), and subsequently receiving the error code: UDP Connection failed: 57 The operation couldn't be completed. (Network.NWError error 57 - Socket is not connected), available Interfaces: [enO] via NWConnection.stateUpdateHandler = { (newState) in ... } while newState == .failed the data connection does not restart by itself once cellular (RF) telephony coverage is established again. Detailed Description Context: my app has a continuous cellular data connection while in use. Either a UDP or a TCP connection is established depending on the user settings. The setup data connection works fine until the data connection gets disconnected by loss of connection to a available cellular phone base station. This disconnection simply occurs in very poor UMTS or GSM cellular phone coverage. This is totally normal behavior in bad reception areas like in mountains with signal loss. STEPS TO REPRODUCE Pre-condition App is running with active data connection. Action iPhone does loss the cellular data connection previously setup. Typically reported as network error code 57. Observed The programmed connection.stateUpdateHandler() is called in network connection state '.failed' (OK). The self-programmed data re-connection includes: a call to self.connection.cancel() a call to self.setupUDPConnection() or self.setupConnection() depending on the user settings to re-establish an operative data connection. However, the iPhone's UMTS/GSM network data (re-)connection state is not properly identified/notified via NWConnection API. There's no further network state notification by means of NWConnection even though the iPhone has recovered a cellular data network. Expected The iPhone or any other means automatically reconnects the interrupted data connection on its own. The connection.stateUpdateHandler() is called at time of the device's networking data connection (RF) recovering, subsequently to a connection state failed with error code 57, as the RF module is continuously (independently from the app) for available telephony networks. QUESTION How to systematically/properly detect a cellular phone data network reconnection readiness in order to causally reinitialize the NWConnection data connection available used in app. Relevant code extract Setup UDP connection (or similarly setup a TCP connection) func setupUDPConnection() { let udp = NWProtocolUDP.Options.init() udp.preferNoChecksum = false let params = NWParameters.init(dtls: nil, udp: udp) params.serviceClass = .responsiveData // service type for medium-delay tolerant, elastic and inelastic flow, bursty, and long-lived connections connection = NWConnection(host: NWEndpoint.Host.name(AppConstant.Web.urlWebSafeSky, nil), port: NWEndpoint.Port(rawValue: AppConstant.Web.urlWebSafeSkyPort)!, using: params) connection.stateUpdateHandler = { (newState) in switch (newState) { case .ready: //print("UDP Socket State: Ready") self.receiveUDPConnection(). // data reception works fine until network loss break case .setup: //print("UDP Socket State: Setup") break case .cancelled: //print("UDP Socket State: Cancelled") break case .preparing: //print("UDP Socket State: Preparing") break case .waiting(let error): Logger.logMessage(message: "UDP Connection waiting: "+error.errorCode.description+" \(error.localizedDescription), available Interfaces: \(self.connection.currentPath!.availableInterfaces.description)", LoggerLevels.Error) break case .failed(let error): Logger.logMessage(message: "UDP Connection failed: "+error.errorCode.description+" \(error.localizedDescription), available Interfaces: \(self.connection.currentPath!.availableInterfaces.description)", LoggerLevels.Error) // data connection retry (expecting network transport layer to be available) self.reConnectionServer() break default: //print("UDP Socket State: Waiting or Failed") break } self.handleStateChange() } connection.start(queue: queue) } Handling of network data connection loss private func reConnectionServer() { self.connection.cancel() // Re Init Connection - Give a little time to network recovery let delayInSec = 30.0. // expecting actually a notification for network data connection availability, instead of a time-triggered retry self.queue.asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + delayInSec) { switch NetworkConnectionType { case 1: self.setupUDPConnection() // UDP break case 2: self.setupConnection() // TCP break default: break } } } Does it necessarily require the use of CoreTelephony class CTTelephonyNetworkInfo or class CTCellularData to get notifications of changes to the user’s cellular service provider?

Hello everyone, I am experiencing a persistent authentication error when querying a custom user profile record, and the error message seems to be a red herring. My Setup: I have a custom CKRecord type called ColaboradorProfile. When a new user signs up, I create this record and store their hashed password, salt, nickname, and a custom field called loginIdentifier (which is just their lowercase username). In the CloudKit Dashboard, I have manually added an index for loginIdentifier and set it to Queryable and Searchable. I have deployed this schema to Production. The Problem: During login, I run an async function to find the user's profile using this indexed loginIdentifier. Here is the relevant authentication code: func autenticar() async { // ... setup code (isLoading, etc.) let lowercasedUsername = username.lowercased() // My predicate ONLY filters on 'loginIdentifier' let predicate = NSPredicate(format: "loginIdentifier == %@", lowercasedUsername) let query = CKQuery(recordType: "ColaboradorProfile", predicate: predicate) // I only need these specific keys let desiredKeys = ["password", "passwordSalt", "nickname", "isAdmin", "isSubAdmin", "username"] let database = CKContainer.default().publicCloudDatabase do { // This is the line that throws the error let result = try await database.records(matching: query, desiredKeys: desiredKeys, resultsLimit: 1) // ... (rest of the password verification logic) } catch { // The error always lands here logDebug("Error authenticating with CloudKit: \(error.localizedDescription)") await MainActor.run { self.errorMessage = "Connection Error: \(error.localizedDescription)" self.isLoading = false self.showAlert = true } } } The Error: Even though my query predicate only references loginIdentifier, the catch block consistently reports this error: Error authenticating with CloudKit: Field 'createdBy' is not marked queryable. I know createdBy (the system creatorUserRecordID) is not queryable by default, but my query isn't touching that field. I already tried indexing createdBy just in case, but the error persists. It seems CloudKit cannot find or use my index for loginIdentifier and is incorrectly reporting a fallback error related to a system field. Has anyone seen this behavior? Why would CloudKit report an error about createdBy when the query is explicitly on an indexed, custom field? I'm new to Swift and I'm struggling quite a bit. Thank you,

(Using macOS 26 Beta 9 and Xcode 26 Beta 7) I am trying to support basic onDrop from a source app to my app. I am trying to get the closest "source" representation of a drag-and-drop, e.g. a JPEG file being dropped into my app shouldn't be converted, but stored as a JPEG in Data. Otherwise, everything gets converted into TIFFs and modern iPhone photos get huge. I also try to be a good app, and provide asynchronous support. Alas, I've been running around for days now, where I can now support Drag-and-Drop from the Finder, from uncached iCloud files with Progress bar, but so far, drag and dropping from Safari eludes me. My code is as follows for the onDrop support: Image(nsImage: data.image).onDrop(of: Self.supportedDropItemUTIs, delegate: self) The UTIs are as follows: public static let supportedDropItemUTIs: [UTType] = [ .image, .heif, .rawImage, .png, .tiff, .svg, .heic, .jpegxl, .bmp, .gif, .jpeg, .webP, ] Finally, the code is as follows: public func performDrop(info: DropInfo) -> Bool { let itemProviders = info.itemProviders(for: Self.supportedDropItemUTIs) guard let itemProvider = itemProviders.first else { return false } let registeredContentTypes = itemProvider.registeredContentTypes guard let contentType = registeredContentTypes.first else { return false } var suggestedName = itemProvider.suggestedName if suggestedName == nil { switch contentType { case UTType.bmp: suggestedName = "image.bmp" case UTType.gif: suggestedName = "image.gif" case UTType.heic: suggestedName = "image.heic" case UTType.jpeg: suggestedName = "image.jpeg" case UTType.jpegxl: suggestedName = "image.jxl" case UTType.png: suggestedName = "image.png" case UTType.rawImage: suggestedName = "image.raw" case UTType.svg: suggestedName = "image.svg" case UTType.tiff: suggestedName = "image.tiff" case UTType.webP: suggestedName = "image.webp" default: break } } let progress = itemProvider.loadInPlaceFileRepresentation(forTypeIdentifier: contentType.identifier) { url, _, error in if let error { print("Failed to get URL from dropped file: \(error)") return } guard let url else { print("Failed to get URL from dropped file!") return } let queue = OperationQueue() queue.underlyingQueue = .global(qos: .utility) let intent = NSFileAccessIntent.readingIntent(with: url, options: .withoutChanges) let coordinator = NSFileCoordinator() coordinator.coordinate(with: [intent], queue: queue) { error in if let error { print("Failed to coordinate data from dropped file: \(error)") return } do { // Load file contents into Data object let data = try Data(contentsOf: intent.url) Dispatch.DispatchQueue.main.async { self.data.data = data self.data.fileName = suggestedName } } catch { print("Failed to load coordinated data from dropped file: \(error)") } } } DispatchQueue.main.async { self.progress = progress } return true } For your information, this code is at the state where I gave up and sent it here, because I cannot find a solution to my issue. Now, this code works everywhere, except for dragging and dropping from Safari. Let's pretend I go to this web site: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tulip_Tulipa_clusiana_%27Lady_Jane%27_Rock_Ledge_Flower_Edit_2000px.jpg and I try to drag-and-drop the image, it will fail with the following error: URL https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/Tulip_Tulipa_clusiana_%27Lady_Jane%27_Rock_Ledge_Flower_Edit_2000px.jpg is not a file:// URL. And then, fail with the dreaded Failed to get URL from dropped file: Error Domain=NSItemProviderErrorDomain Code=-1000 As far as I can tell, the problem lies in the opaque NSItemProvider receiving a web site URL from Safari. I tried most solutions, I couldn't retrieve that URL. The error happens in the callback of loadInPlaceFileRepresentation, but also fails in loadFileRepresentation. I tried hard-requesting a loadObject of type URL, but there's only one representation for the JPEG file. I tried only putting .url in the requests, but it would not transfer it. Anyone solved this mystery?

Hi, My app was recently rejected with the following message: The app references non-public symbols in App: _BIO_s_socket, _OPENSSL_cleanse The confusing part is that these symbols do not come from iOS system libraries. They are defined inside a third-party static library (gRPC/OpenSSL) that my app links. I am not calling any Apple private API, only linking against the third-party code where those symbols are defined. Questions: Why does App Review treat these symbols as “non-public” when they are provided by my own bundled third-party library, not by the system? What is Apple’s recommended approach in this situation — should I rebuild the third-party library with symbol renaming / hidden visibility, or is there another supported method? It would help to understand the official reasoning here, because it seems strange that a vendor-namespaced or self-built OpenSSL would cause a rejection even though I am not using Apple’s internal/private APIs. Thanks for any clarification.

My app controls the cursor movement in a text view on iPhone and iPads. On screen touch, the IOS cursor position is out of sync with the app cursor position. Is there a way to find out, on screen touch, where the ios cursor positition is and update the app cursor to the ios cursor position? When they are out of sync, the user has to move the cursor to the startIndex and navigate from there. Frustating! I have looked at many programming books, forums, and internet search with nothing to no avail. Any help will be greatly appreciated. The app names are SummaGramPhonex and SummaGramIPAD11 and SummaGramIPAD13. Thanks. Charlie 3Sep25

Hi I'm using Xcode 16.4 on a Mac mini m4 so please let's not get in the weeds about latest this or that for software, etc... I'm trying to move one of the tab bar items in the controller, the home item, the the far left and I can grab it and drag it but it won't drop anywhere except where it exists. the other items won't move either. I've googled this and not finding anything stating you have to do a key combo, etc... which I've tried the command, option and control keys each with the dragging. Also the ability to actually select and item to drag it is extremely inconsistent, sometimes it grabs it and most of the time it doesn't. do I need to just delete the connectors and add them back in the proper order? is that really the solution here?

Previously, when using AppDelegate, I was able to check the app’s launch options (launchOptions) to determine cases such as: Location updates (UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey.location) Background push notifications (UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey.remoteNotification) However, after migrating to the SceneDelegate approach, launchOptions is no longer available — it always returns nil. In my app, I need to branch the code depending on the launch options, but I can’t find a way to achieve this in the SceneDelegate environment. 👉 Is there a way to access launch options in SceneDelegate, similar to how it worked in AppDelegate? Or, if that’s no longer possible, what would be the proper alternative approach? Any guidance would be greatly appreciated.

Hi everyone, I'm encountering a behaviour related to Secure Event Input on macOS and wanted to understand if it's expected or if there's a recommended approach to handle it. Scenario: App A enables secure input using EnableSecureEventInput(). While secure input is active, App A launches App B using NSWorkspace or similar. App B launches successfully, but it does not receive foreground focus — it starts in the background. The system retains focus on App A, seemingly to preserve the secure input session. Observed Behavior: From what I understand, macOS prevents app switching during Secure Event Input to avoid accidental or malicious focus stealing (e.g., to prevent UI spoofing during password entry). So: Input focus remains locked to App A. App B runs but cannot become frontmost unless the secure input session ends or App B is brought to the frontmost by manual intervention or by running a terminal script. This is consistent with system security behaviour, but it presents a challenge when App A needs to launch and hand off control to another app. Questions: Is this behaviour officially documented anywhere? Is there a recommended pattern for safely transferring focus to another app while Secure Event Input is active? Would calling DisableSecureEventInput() just before launching App B be the appropriate (and safe) solution? Or is there a better way to defer the transition? Thanks in advance for any clarification or advice.

I'm building a SwiftUI app for iPad using a NavigationSplitView as the navigation root. Below is a simplified version of the app's navigation. There are a Home Page and a Settings Page, each with its own NavigationStack. The page that appears in the detail column depends on the sidebar's selection value. The issue I'm facing is that when I navigate deeply into the Home Page's NavigationStack (e.g., to a Home Page Child view), switch to the Settings Page, and then switch back to the Home Page, the Home Page's navigation path has been reset to [] and the previous state is lost. The same issue occurs if I navigate deeply into the Settings Page (e.g., to a Settings Page Child view), switch to the Home Page, and then return to the Settings Page: the navigation state for the Settings Page is lost, and it reverts to the root of the NavigationStack. Why is this happening and how can I fix it so that switching pages in the sidebar doesn't reset the NavigationStack of each individual page in the detail column? Thank you. struct ContentView: View { @State var selection: String? @State var firstPath = [String]() @State var secondPath = [String]() var body: some View { NavigationSplitView { List(selection: $selection) { Text("Home") .tag("home") Text("Settings") .tag("settings") } } detail: { if selection == "home" { HomePage(path: $firstPath) } else { SettingsPage(path: $secondPath) } } } } struct HomePage: View { @Binding var path: [String] var body: some View { NavigationStack(path: $path) { NavigationLink("Home Page", value: "Home") .navigationDestination(for: String.self) { _ in Text("Home Page Child") } } } } struct SettingsPage: View { @Binding var path: [String] var body: some View { NavigationStack(path: $path) { NavigationLink("Settings Page", value: "Settings") .navigationDestination(for: String.self) { _ in Text("Settings Page Child") } } } } #Preview { ContentView() }

I am trying to get integer input by using textfield. However, I noticed that if I changed the binding variable as optional with an initial value of null, the textfield would not work. I would like to keep it as null initially because I want the placeholder to show text before the input, and if the int variable starts with any valid value, the text would not be shown. Is there a way to fix things here? struct TextFieldNumberInputView: View {     @Binding var intVariable: Int?     @State var isEditing: Bool = false     @State var placeholderText: String     @State var number: Int = 0          var body: some View {         VStack(alignment: .leading, spacing: 2){             TextField(placeholderText, value: $number, formatter: NumberFormatter()){             }             .textFieldStyle(InputTextFieldStyle())             .keyboardType(.numberPad)             .onReceive(Just(number)) {_ in                 print("number pad being editing")                 if isEditing == false && intVariable != nil {                                         isEditing = true                     print("number is being edited")                 } else if isEditing == true && intVariable != nil{                     isEditing = false                 }             }                          Text(placeholderText)                 .font(.caption2)                 .foregroundColor(isEditing ? Color(.systemGray3):Color.clear)                 .padding(.horizontal)                 .padding(.horizontal, 12)                  }.onTapGesture {             print("number pad being tapped, intVariable \(intVariable), \(number)")                          if number != nil {                 print("checking number")                 UIApplication.shared.sendAction(#selector(UIResponder.resignFirstResponder), to:nil, from:nil, for:nil)             }                      }     }      }

Hi guys! OK, reaching out for some help here. I am having all kinds of trouble with OSDeclareDefaultStructors. I have seriously been at this for nearly a week now and have come to the conclusion that I need to reach out for help from people that are more experience using Xcode. I believe entirely that my issue is just that I can't for whatever reason see how to set up includes and libraries and things like that. I have this line: OSDeclareDefaultStructors(NukeVirtualGamepad) No matter what I do, Xcode will not recognize OSDeclareDefaultStructors. The project builds a DriverKit > Driver extension. I have literally tried absolutely everything with this. I am at a loss for words. I even set up a new blank project and it still will not recognize OSDeclareDefaultStructors. I did a lot of research and it looks like expo needs OSDeclareDefaultStructors in order for the extension to build with a binary in it instead of being just a codeless extension. Here is the code with the issue: #pragma once #include <DriverKit/OSMetaClass.h> #include <HIDDriverKit/IOUserHIDDevice.h> #include <DriverKit/OSData.h> class NukeVirtualGamepad : public IOUserHIDDevice { OSDeclareDefaultStructors(NukeVirtualGamepad) // The problem is right here! This line! public: // Keep it minimal; no 'override' keywords since the .h types may not mark them virtual bool init(); void free(); kern_return_t Start(IOService* provider); void Stop (IOService* provider); OSData* newReportDescriptor(); // (Optional) helper you’ll use later to inject input matching your report kern_return_t PostInput(uint16_t buttons, int8_t x, int8_t y); }; I do have to mention to everyone that I am still very new with Xcode. So there is a ton that I don't know yet or might be misunderstanding. Has anyone seen this before? Thank you in advance.

Is it possible at all to programmatically change visible rect / map region programmatically? Otherwise, how can we make sure user sees anythng just after starting the app, if nearest POIs are far away?

I came across a code let myFruitBasket = ["apple":"red", "banana": "yellow", "budbeeri": "dark voilet", "chikoo": "brown"] Can we have range for keys and values of dictionary, it will be convenient for keys print(myFruitBasket.keys[1...3]) // banana, budbeeri, chikoo same for values print(myFruitsBasket.values[1...3]) // yellow, voilet, brown

It's related to the passByValue nature of structs. In the sample code below, I'm displaying a list of structs (and I can add instances to my list using Int.random(1..<3) to pick one of two possible predefined versions of the struct). I also have a detail view that can modify the details of a single struct. However when I run this code, it will instead modify all the instances (ie either Sunday or Monday) in my list. To see this behaviour, run the following code and: tap New Trigger enough times that there are multiple of at least one of the sunday/monday triggers tap one of the matching trigger rows modify either the day, or the int expected: only one of the rows will reflect the edit actual: all the matching instances will be updated. This suggests to me that my Sunday and Monday static instances are being passed by reference when they get added to the array. But I had thought structs were strictly pass by value. What am I missing? thanks in advance for any wisdom, Mike struct ContentView: View { @State var fetchTriggers: [FetchTrigger] = [] var body: some View { NavigationView { VStack { Button("New Trigger") { fetchTriggers.append(Int.random(in: 1..<3) == 1 ? .sunMorning : .monEvening) } List($fetchTriggers) { fetchTrigger in NavigationLink(destination: FetchTriggerDetailView(fetchTrigger: fetchTrigger) .navigationBarTitle("Back", displayMode: .inline)) { Text(fetchTrigger.wrappedValue.description) .padding() } } } } } } struct FetchTrigger: Identifiable { static let monEvening: FetchTrigger = .init(dayOfWeek: .monday, hour: 6) static let sunMorning: FetchTrigger = .init(dayOfWeek: .sunday, hour: 3) let id = UUID() enum DayOfWeek: Int, Codable, CaseIterable, Identifiable { var id: Int { self.rawValue } case sunday = 1 case monday case tuesday var description: String { switch self { case .sunday: return "Sunday" case .monday: return "Monday" case .tuesday: return "Tuesday" } } } var dayOfWeek: DayOfWeek var hour: Int var description: String { "\(dayOfWeek.description), \(hour):00" } } struct FetchTriggerDetailView: View { @Binding var fetchTrigger: FetchTrigger var body: some View { HStack { Picker("", selection: $fetchTrigger.dayOfWeek) { ForEach(FetchTrigger.DayOfWeek.allCases) { dayOfWeek in Text(dayOfWeek.description) .tag(dayOfWeek) } } Picker("", selection: $fetchTrigger.hour) { ForEach(1...12, id: \.self) { number in Text("\(number)") .tag(number) } } } } }

func oneStepForward(_ input: Int) -> Int { return input + 1 } func oneStepBackward(_ input: Int) -> Int { return input - 1 } func chooseStepFunction(backward: Bool) -> (Int) -> Int { return backward ? oneStepBackward : oneStepForward //Error. type of expression is ambiguous without a type annotation } Why am I getting this error ? If I change this function to the following it works and will compile. func chooseStepFunction(backward: Bool) -> (Int) -> Int { if backward { return oneStepBackward } else { return oneStepForward } } // Why am I getting the error in the previous version while it works in the second version ? Thx in advance.

I have some code which handles doing some computation on a background thread before updating Core Data NSManagedObjects by using the NSManagedObjectContext.perform functions. This code is covered in Sendable warnings in Xcode 26 (beta 6) because my NSManagedObject subclasses (autogenerated) are non-Sendable and NSManagedObjectContext.perform function takes a Sendable closure. But I can't really figure out what I should be doing. I realize this pattern is non-ideal for Swift concurrency, but it's what Core Data demands AFAIK. How do I deal with this? let moc = object.managedObjectContext! try await moc.perform { object.completed = true // Capture of 'object' with non-Sendable type 'MySpecialObject' in a '@Sendable' closure try moc.save() } Thanks in advance for your help!

Hello, I am new to App development, so I am looking for some advice. I want to develop an app for iPhone, which downloads files (pdf, jpg)from a server to the local storage. I also want to get data from the server to be used in my app. This could be a database access or just simple xml files. I want a secure access based on userid and password. Since in a later version, my app should also run on Android Phones, I am reluctant to use iCloud. I was thinking sftp, but that does not seem to be supported for iOS.

Greetings, func stepForward(_ input: Int) -> Int { return input + 1 } func stepBackward(_ input: Int) -> Int { return input - 1 } func chooseStepFunction(backward: Bool) -> (Int) -> Int { return backward ? stepBackward : stepForward /* Error type of expression is ambiguous without a type annotation */ } Why am I getting this error. If I change the function to func chooseStepFunction(backward: Bool) -> (Int) -> Int { if backward { return stepBackward else { return stepForward } } Why is the previous chooseStepFunction giving me an error ? Thx in advance