An iOS app can't continuously run in the background. For more information about iOS background execution limits, see here. For using HealthKit in background, see here. (The latter is about HealthKit in watchOS, but the situation is pretty much the same in iOS.) Emergency Contacts is a user feature. For privacy reason, there is no API to access the information. Given that the answer to your question 1 and 2 is no, you can't achieve the automated alerting either. Best, —— Ziqiao Chen Worldwide Developer Relations.
Topic:
App & System Services
SubTopic:
Health & Fitness